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Building localized and generic scenarios for sea and river dikes based on their socio-ecological footprint
No full textInternational audienceIn light of climate change and a new regulatory context, the DIGUES research program is exploring the potential futures of French dikes up to 2050. An interdisciplinary, forward-looking approach has been applied to consider the socio-ecological footprint of the ways in which dikes evolve. It brings together social and environmental sciences with stakeholder participation to build localized and generic scenarios. This approach offers an alternative to technical approaches based solely on sea or river defense, as it puts forward a method that links the physical dynamics of the environment to social and organizational issues and variables. The pathways presented (dikes maintained in their current state, reinforced, lowered, or moved back) therefore position the future of dikes in terms of continuity or transformative strategies in a context where territories take on greater responsibility in the face of climate change. In diking strategies, local public action is still driven by territorial goals and should consider more environmental dynamics. Developing territorial projects that include social and ecological elements helps to promote transformative strategies
Pottery technological analysis of the Copper Age Transdanubia (Western Hungary)
No full textInternational audienceThis article focuses on the technological analysis of the Early and Middle Copper Age (4500–3650 cal BCE) pottery vessels from Transdanubia (Western Hungary), which can reveal the previously unknown social connections based on strong personal interactions in this region. The pottery material of four settlements was studied: Zalavár-Basasziget, Magyar-egres-Varga-Bonyi-ároktól keletre, Tikos-Nyárfás-dűlő, and Győr-Szabadrétdomb. As a result, several forming methods, coiling processes, and surface treatment techniques were identified. Their techno-stylistic and spatial analysis revealed a principal technical tradition in the region, which was observed on every site, regardless of the period or location. This tradition constitutes a relatively restricted technological repertoire; most of the vessel forms were created with the same forming method. Thus, most potters belonged to the same community of practice. However, other forms of technical knowledge also appear in the region besides the common technical tradition, albeit in low numbers and only at a few sites. Thus, a few potters were probably part of other communities of practice. The certain settlement communities probably responded differently to the appearance of these new technical knowledges. The potters in some settlements strictly followed the same technical tradition; they did not adopt any other methods or techniques. In contrast, the potters in other settlements were presumably more open to other technical knowledges
Admission en demi-teinte de la validité des clauses attributives de juridiction asymétriques
No full textInternational audience(Civ. 1re, 17 sept. 2025, no 22-12.965, F-B, Italiana Lastre ; Civ. 1re, 17 sept. 2025, no 22-24.034, F-B, Sogefi, D. 2025. 1954, note D. Sindrès ; Civ. 1re, 17 sept. 2025, no 23-16.150, FS-B, Delta ; Civ. 1re, 17 sept. 2025, no 23-18.785, FS-B, Producam
Pas de contrefaçon d'une œuvre insuffisamment identifiée
No full textInternational audience(Aix-en-Provence, ch. 1-1, 16 sept. 2025, no 22/04945
Tic-tac, le compte à rebours a démarré : la perte du patrimoine archéologique côtier des Petites Antilles françaises, entre urgence et stratégie
No full textInternational audienceCoastline regression linked to coastal erosion is an active phenomenon of great magnitude in the French West Indies where recent studies based on the analysis of historical aerial photographs indicate a shrinkage of the beaches that can reach 0.5 to 2 m per year. The impact is even more pronounced because of the insular context where the coastline is over-represented: 250 m of coastline per km² of territory in Guadeloupe as against 11 m per km² in mainland France. Moreover, archaeological sites are particularly affected in the West Indies as past occupations are distributed for the most part in the coastal fringe. This is shown by the 5000 years of Amerindian chronology, during which open-air camps, villages and specialized sites have always been associated with the exploitation of marine resources: thus 47% of the pre-Columbian occupations are located less than 100 m from the coastline. During the colonial period, the coastline remained a privileged location for the settlement of populations even if the connection with the coastline seems less marked (18% of the sites are less than 100 m from the coastline), mainly because of the development of intensive farming. Commercial exchanges and confrontation between colonial countries led to the development of cities, ports, industrial and military facilities. In addition, these spaces received many slave cemeteries which today have a memorial value that strongly resonates with the feelings of the populations.A recent evaluation conducted in Guadeloupe shows that about 160 sites out of the 779 identified on the coasts, i.e. 20%, are affected, to varying degrees, by risks of erosion. At least 14 of them are in a critical situation with a strong risk of destruction in the short term.This paper highlights the multifactorial nature of coastal erosion, which depends not only on the nature of the exposed substrate, with the sandy soils that are common in the West Indies being the most sensitive, but also on the diversity of phenomena at work. The effects of some of them are increasing in the context of global climate change: global sea-level rise, currently estimated by the IPCC to be at least 3 mm per year; hurricane frequency; weakening of the protection of coral reefs due to the bleaching of corals as a result of the warming of marine waters. The development of land and coast, aggravated by tourism, also contributes to the destabilization of coastal sedimentary deposits. This is accentuated by a weakening of the stabilizing role of vegetation due to the artificialization of soil; by disturbances associated with harbours and river workings, sometimes even by the structures created to fight against erosion; and by an excessive use of beaches leading to the disappearance of protective coastal vegetation. Some erosional factors that were previously predominant have fortunately recently disappeared, such as the extraction of sand for construction purposes, the extraction of coral for the manufacture of lime, and the deforestation of mangroves for the manufacture of charcoal.The threat of losing this heritage makes this not an easy challenge. Two main solutions have already been implemented by the French State services in charge of the management of archaeology: on the one hand, the physical protection of sites by measures which limit or slow down erosion; and on the other hand, the systematic study of the sites before their destruction by erosion, notably through archaeological excavations.The need to preserve the archaeological heritage of the West Indies coastlines has led us to carry out several kinds of actions, which should all be expanded:•Monitoring and evaluation of coastal erosion and its impact on archaeological sites, in order to anticipate threats and prioritize specific interventions. This approach is based on three types of actions: systematic surveys, collection of testimonies, in particular the ALOA project requesting public participation, and monitoring techniques using satellite imagery or other advanced methods;•Surveys and test pits allowing the scientific and cultural relevance of the threatened sites to be identified;•Archaeological excavation, that means safeguarding by recording, of the most exposed sites;•As a last resort: physical protection of the sites by in situ consolidation engineering.The preservation of coastal archaeological sites is actually difficult to manage because of regulatory and financial procedures that are sometimes not well adapted. Indeed, French laws, in applying the heritage code, provide for the financing of preventive archaeology by the developers (according to a “you break, you pay” principle), but do not offer similar arrangements in cases where the sites are destroyed by natural agents (no specific developer). In this case, the introduction of the financial solutions needed to implement emergency interventions is currently a case-by-case process, under the responsibility of the French State and the local authorities.A more regular means of financing —i.e. through a tax-supported fund— will probably be necessary if we are to be able to respond to this challenge of preserving the coastal archaeological heritage.La remontée en cours du niveau marin, l’augmentation de la fréquence d’évènements cycloniques majeurs, la destruction des barrières coralliennes, l’aménagement du littoral corrélé à l’augmentation du tourisme, sont autant de facteurs qui aggravent l’érosion littorale et menacent dramatiquement le patrimoine archéologique côtier des Petites Antilles, notamment dans les territoires français d’Amérique qui nous intéressent ici. L’impact est d’autant plus conséquent dans ce contexte insulaire que l’occupation du territoire y est répartie de façon majoritaire sur la frange littorale comme en témoignent les 5 000 ans de la chronologie amérindienne, où campements de plein air, villages et sites spécialisés ont été de tout temps associés à l’exploitation des ressources marines. Les quelques siècles du développement tardif de la période coloniale ont quant à eux généré sur le littoral des installations portuaires, industrielles, militaires et de l’habitat, mais aussi de nombreux cimetières à forte valeur mémorielle. Face à cette menace deux principales solutions ont d’ores et déjà été mises en oeuvre par les services de l’État en charge de la gestion de l’archéologie : d’une part la protection physique des sites par des aménagements limitant ou ralentissant l’érosion, et d’autre part leur étude, notamment par la fouille archéologique. Il s’avère en outre qu’une réflexion sur une stratégie globale de sauvegarde devient incontournable car les interventions d’urgence sont bien souvent difficiles à mettre en oeuvre dans des délais et des coûts optimaux
Du côté du système patriarcal : L’Ex de ma vie
No full textVoyages autour de mon cerveauTiphaine Martin, « Du côté du système patriarcal : L’Ex de ma vie », Voyages autour de mon cerveau, janvier 2026. URL : https://vadmc.hypotheses.org/2795
Afa tarik - Histoire orale de l'Éthiopie chrétienne
No full textCe dépôt est constitué d'enregistrements réalisés en Ethiopie et de leur traduction en français.This collection brings together interviews conducted in Ethiopia, on the Christian highlands in the regions of Goǧǧam, Gondar, Begamder, and Tigrāy, by the historian Anaïs Wion (CNRS Research Director), between the late 1990s and 2018. Although her work focuses on the medieval and early modern periods, she has carried out extensive field research in Ethiopia to meet with historians, intellectuals, and leaders of religious institutions. These institutions still hold the vast majority of manuscripts and archives to this day. Anaïs Wion was thus able to consult local historical documents on-site, reading and interpreting them with their custodians. The discussions gathered here are the result of these encounters.The collection will include sub-collections organized according to the research sites. As of January 2026, it contains only one sub-collection, recorded in Aksum.Cette collection rassemble les entretiens réalisés en Éthiopie, sur les hauts plateaux chrétiens dans les régions du Goǧǧam, de Gondar, du Begamder et du Tigrāy, par l'historienne Anaïs Wion (directrice de recherche au CNRS), entre la fin des années 1990 et 2018. Bien que travaillant sur les périodes médiévales et modernes, elle a réalisé de nombreux terrains de recherche en Éthiopie afin de rencontrer les historiens, les intellectuels et les responsables des institutions religieuses. Ces dernières conservent jusqu’à aujourd’hui l’immense majorité des manuscrits et des archives. Anaïs Wion a ainsi pu consulter des documents d’histoire locale sur place, en les lisant et les interprétant avec leurs détenteurs. Ce sont ces discussions qui sont rassemblées ici. La collection comportera des sous-collections organisées en fonction des terrains de recherche. Elle ne comporte pour l’instant (janvier 2026) qu’une seule sous-collection, celle enregistrée à Aksum
Governance, Productivity and Economic Development
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT This paper explores the interplay between transfer policies, R&D, corruption, and economic development using a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents and a government. The government collects taxes, redistributes fiscal revenues, and undertakes public investment (in R&D, infrastructure, etc.). Corruption is modeled as a fraction of tax revenues that is siphoned off and removed from the economy. We first establish the existence of a political‐economic equilibrium. Then, using an analytically tractable framework with two private agents, we examine the effects of corruption and evaluate the impact of various policies, including redistribution and innovation‐led strategies
What Are Social Norms?
No full textInternational audienceMany theorists tie social norms to attitudes, such as expectations on others, perhaps along with conforming practices. Challenging this view, we instead ground social norms in a social norming process, an often non-verbal social communication process that ‘makes’ the norm through mutual expressions of support. We present the process-based account of social norms and social normativity, and distinguish social norms from social pressures, social practices, and Lewisian conventions. The process-based view brings social norms closer to legal norms, by tying them to ‘expressive acts’, just as laws and contracts arise through acts of voting or signing, not through mere attitudes
