Jurnal STAI Al-Hamidiyah
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Everyone I don't like is biased: Affective evaluations and the bias blind spot
No full textPeople commonly exhibit a bias blind spot (BBS), judging themselves as less susceptible to bias than the “average other.” However, less is known about how people attribute bias to familiar others who evoke strong affect. We examined whether attributions of bias are sensitive to affective impressions of others. In Experiment 1, participants viewed themselves as considerably less biased than the average survey respondent and a personally-known disliked other but not less biased than a familiar individual whom they liked. Experiments 2 and 3 examined the BBS in politically polarized groups of Democrats and Republicans. While participants judged themselves as somewhat less biased than co-partisans, they viewed themselves as much less biased than their political opponents. In all experiments, the effect of other target selection on the BBS was mediated by affective evaluations. We discuss the theoretical implications of affective evaluations guiding how people attribute bias to familiar others
SÍNTESE DE EVIDÊNCIA QUALITATIVA DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 NA HESITAÇÃO VACINAL INFANTIL EM LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES
No full textHow does psychedelic use relate to aspects of religiosity/spirituality? Results from a birth cohort study and a prospective longitudinal study
No full textThis article has been accepted for publication in Psychology of Religion and Spirituality - https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000561
Psychedelics have long been used in religious and healing rituals and a recent wave of scientific research has examined the potent effects of psychedelics, including how the experiences they elicit are often described as spiritual, religious, or mystical (Griffiths et al., 2018). However, while studies have focused on psychedelics’ acute effects, limited research has examined the role of psychedelic experiences in the context of lifespan development generally, and religious/spiritual development specifically. In two studies, we assess the relationship between lifetime psychedelic use and aspects of religiosity. First, using data from multiple birth cohort studies – the 1958 National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study (both, N>11,000) – we explore the relationship between lifetime psychedelic use and religious affiliation (i.e., denomination), religious beliefs, and religious attendance, as well as changes in these factors from childhood or adolescence to adulthood. In a second complementary study, we examine the association between psychedelic use and changes in sense of religiousness and spirituality over a two-month period among people who reported psychedelic use in a representative sample from the UK and US (N=9,732). We will contextualize our findings in recent research into psychedelics and the psychology of religion and discuss relevant ethical considerations
Aggression’s Longitudinal Links with Forecasted (and Felt) Aggressive Pleasure
No full textTransient experiences of positive affect surrounding aggressive acts promote subsequent aggression. Yet, a longitudinal test of this effect is lacking. In a three-wave longitudinal study, 469 diverse undergraduates at a Minority Serving Institution repeatedly forecasted how pleasant they expected aggression to feel, perpetrated an aggressive act, and then reported how pleasant it felt. Longitudinal growth in both forecasted and felt aggressive pleasure over time was positively correlated with corresponding growth in aggressive behavior. Further, the better that aggression felt on one wave, the more aggressive participants were on the next. Suggesting that these effects contribute to broader patterns of aggressive tendencies, dispositionally-aggressive participants forecasted and felt more aggressive pleasure over time. Forecasts of aggressive pleasure were broadly inaccurate, though this inaccuracy had uncertain implications for aggression. These results highlight the complex ways that forecasted and felt positive affect reinforce aggression over time
Stratification of Graduate Student Debt Within and Between Schools
No full textCollege student loans have been central to public debates, but little is known about the efficacy of graduate student loan debts toward student financial outcomes. The financial outcomes of graduate student loan borrowers warrant scholarly attention because federal graduate loan programs have become increasingly expensive for borrowers and the federal government, making up 40% of the total new loan volume in 2017 (Miller 2020). We analyze individual and program-level differences in student loan debt and net wealth changes during and after graduate education. Similar to what prior research observes for undergraduate student loan borrowers, we expect graduate student loan outcomes to be stratified by school types and borrowers' socioeconomic backgrounds. We will test two sets of hypotheses concerning the stratification of graduate programs and student loan borrowers. We will begin by analyzing individual financial returns on graduate education, focusing on net worth, student loan debt, and debt-to-income ratio. After assessing individual financial returns on graduate education, we will analyze which student demographics are drawn to low-quality programs with adverse financial impacts
The Unequal Challenge of Learning from Under-informative News
No full textPolitical news consumption is highly uneven today: few people consume from news outlets directly, while many encounter news incidentally through social media and aggregators. Because outlets depend on direct consumers for revenue, they respond primarily to this core audience’s preferences. Several contemporary styles of news coverage—which emphasize partisan conflict, employ specialized jargon, engage in predictive analysis, and use clickbait language—are attractive to core consumers, but may also make news less accessible for others. In a preregistered survey experiment (n = 2,233), I show that, relative to a “public interest” style which prioritizes key information about policy and democratic norms, typical news styles weaken post-exposure recall of key news information—that is, they are “under-informative.” Recall penalties are especially severe for those with lower baseline political engagement, yet still affect highly-engaged consumers as well. This study shows that contemporary approaches to news coverage broadly under-serve the public by inhibiting political learning
SLP self-efficacy
No full textSurvey used to gather professional demographics, workload and assessment/eligibility characteristics, as well as levels of job satisfaction and self-efficacy from speech-language pathologists (SLPs) working in US public schools
Personalizing AI Tools for Second Language Practice: The Role of Gender and Autistic Traits
No full textThis study examined the relationship among autistic traits, gender, and perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) tools for second language (L2) speaking practice. The investigation included 111 participants and utilized the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire to assess Autistic Traits (AU) and the sub-traits Aloof (AF), Rigid (RD), and Pragmatic Language (PL). It also employed various scales to measure perceptions, including Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Attitude (AT), Behavioral Intention (BI), and Usage Behavior (UB). The findings indicated no significant differences in AU, AF, RD, and PL between males and females. Similarly, there were no significant differences in PU, AT, BI, and UB between genders, although males demonstrated marginally higher scores in PEOU than females. Autistic traits showed specific correlations with perceptions of AI tools: AU was negatively correlated with PU, AT, and marginally with PEOU; AF was marginally negatively correlated with PU and AT; RD was negatively correlated with PEOU, AT, and BI, and marginally with PU. Furthermore, the study highlighted the moderating role of gender in the relationship between autistic traits and perceptions of AI tools. Specifically, the effects of autistic traits on perceptions were more pronounced in males than in females, particularly the relationships between PEOU and AF, UB and AU, and UB and PL. This research highlighted the importance of considering autistic traits in educational technology deployment, advocating for customizable AI solutions to better meet diverse learner needs. The outcomes contributed to a more inclusive understanding of educational technology, emphasizing the need to adapt AI tools to enhance learning experiences for all students, regardless of gender or neurodiversity
Working memory and vocabulary knowledge support activation of the literal meaning of metaphors during sentence comprehension
No full textThe current study investigates to what extent individual differences explain individual variation in online and offline metaphor comprehension