Jurnal STAI Al-Hamidiyah
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Supervision of Automated Production Systems: The Effects of Task Demands, Time on Task, and Task Reward on Visual Attention Allocation in a Process Monitoring Task
No full textSupplementary material to Pütz, S., Mertens, A., & Nitsch, V. (2025). Supervision of automated production systems: The effects of task demands, time on task, and task reward on visual attention allocation in a process monitoring task. In S. Jin, J. H. Kim, Y.-K. Kong, J. Park, & M. H. Yun (Eds.), Proceedings of the 22nd Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (pp. 418–423, Vol. 56). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-0289-9_6
Less formal and more rebellious --- An experiment on the social meaning of negative concord in American English
No full textNegative concord, which is present in some varieties of English, is considered ungrammatical in ‘standard’ contemporary English, where negative polarity items are used. While negative polarity item constructions have the semantics of single negation, negative concord constructions are considered ambiguous between a single vs. double negation reading. Recent research shows that the perception of negative concord varies depending on the situational context of its use, the properties of the comprehender as well as the methods of data elicitation (ratings vs. self-reports). We conducted a rating study in US English examining the interpretation and grammaticality of negative concord compared to negative polarity items, and the perception of negative concord speakers regarding their social background and persona. The results show that comprehenders – mostly self-reported non-dialect speakers of US English – interpreted negative concord similarly to negative polarity items, but judged negative concord as ungrammatical. Moreover, they associated negative concord use with lower levels in socioeconomic status and education than negative polarity items; in terms of persona, negative concord use was perceived as less formal and as more rebellious than negative polarity items. Additionally, our study shows experimental evidence for inter-individual (e.g., age- or gender-related) variation in the comprehension and perception of negative concord
Helmet-use Assessment among Motorcyclists in Lebanon: A Mixed-Method Approach to Determine Road Safety Perceptions and Attitudes (HALMS study)
No full textA two-phase sequential mixed-methods stud
Examining public support for Ukraine’s defense against autocratic aggression
No full textRussia’s invasion of Ukraine challenges the liberal international order and tests the capacity of Western democracies to maintain long-term military and financial aid for Ukraine in a foreign war. Understanding whether governments’ pledges of resolve are backed by their citizens is crucial for the credibility of these commitments. Here we show, based on survey experiments with 10,011 respondents in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Italy, that these countries’ publics share a similar pattern of preferences. In all countries, citizens strongly endorse Ukraine’s sovereignty and self-determination while weighing human suffering and conflict escalation risk, but less so economic costs. However, within countries, attitudes are polarized: roughly one quarter of citizens with pro-Western orientations show firm resolve, whereas another quarter with anti-Western views remain largely indifferent to political outcomes for Ukraine. These divisions indicate that democratic party competition could constrain the unity and durability of Western resolve against autocratic aggression
Predicting relationship quality with itself? A single general factor captures most of the variance across 34 common relationship measures
No full textIn relationship science, researchers have generated a wide array of constructs and corresponding self-report measures to characterize, explain, and predict relationship quality – the foremost studied outcome in the field. Collectively, however, the boundaries among these variables remain unclear. In the current research, we examined the extent to which measures of relationship quality and other important relationship constructs are empirically separable from one another. Across two studies of US census-matched participants (total N = 3,439), we applied latent variable techniques (e.g., exploratory bifactor analysis) on broad pools of items representing various prominent relationship-specific constructs. Results revealed robust evidence that a single general factor Q (representing global relationship sentiment) accounts for a vast majority of common variance across distinct relationship measures. Thus, respondents appear to draw primarily on their overall global relationship evaluations when reporting on an array of presumably-distinct relationship facets. This is consistent with a ‘sentiment override’ perspective. Our findings provide novel empirical evidence for a relationship-specific response bias that challenges prevailing assumptions and practice in the field, including the widespread use of self-report methods to capture meaningful aspects of relationship functioning
Do people sincerely believe conspiracy theories that they endorse?
No full textSurvey data are widely used to estimate the prevalence of belief in conspiracy theories and to test hypotheses about the correlates, causes, and consequences of these beliefs. However, concerns have been raised about how often endorsement of conspiracy theories reflects sincere belief. We examined sincerity in a survey of 1,044 Australians and found that endorsement of six pre-existing conspiracy theories was not rare, ranging from 10% to 19%, and that 7% endorsed two that were clearly contradictory. However, 10% of participants endorsed a novel and highly bizarre raccoon army conspiracy theory that we invented, almost certainly insincerity, and endorsement of this conspiracy theory was a strong predictor of endorsing pre-existing conspiracy theories, including the two contradictory ones. Moreover, 13% of participants reported that they had responded insincerely during the study, which was also a strong predictor of endorsing pre-existing conspiracy theories. Overall, our results suggest that anonymous online surveys can produce inflated estimates of the prevalence of belief in conspiracy theories, which raises serious questions about how studies of “belief in” conspiracy theories – and misinformation more broadly – have been interpreted
Comprehension of parent narratives
No full textThis exploratory eye-tracking study investigates lower-level comprehension skills in young autistic and non-autistic children as they hear unscripted parent narratives. The lower-level comprehension skills we focus on are identifying and maintaining topic, resolving referential expressions and paying attention to contextually relevant elements. This study also investigates if narratives produced by parents of autistic children are tuned to support comprehension. We look for potential accommodation in certain broad and discourse specific measures
Potentially traumatic events and substance use do not predict changes in resting state functional connectivity in early adolescence
No full textPotentially traumatic events (PTEs) and substance use (SU) are commonly endorsed in early adolescence, a crucial period for neurodevelopment. PTEs and SU are precipitating events in the etiological development of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD). Separately, they have been shown to alter within- and between-network connectivity in the three brain networks posited by Menon’s Theory of Psychopathology: the default mode network (DMN), fronto-parietal network (FPN), and salience network (SN). While comorbid PTSD+SUD in adulthood shows shared neural underpinnings, this is less clear in adolescence. We analyzed the effects of PTEs and SU on resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) in 9-15 year olds from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Fixed effects panel models were fit to assess the effects of PTEs and SU on between-network (FPN-SN rsFC, DMN-SN rsFC, and FPN-DMN rsFC) and within-network (FPN rsFC, SN rsFC, and DMN rsFC) connectivity measured across three timepoints spanning two years. PTEs, SU, and their interaction was not significantly associated with between- and within-network rsFC two years later. No sex specific interactions were observed. Results suggest rsFC changes observed in older adolescents and adults with comorbid PTSD+SUD do not developmentally translate to early adolescents endorsing PTEs+SU. Lack of impact on rsFC may indicate a potential buffer period in which PTEs and SU do not affect rsFC until later in development or after symptom onset following PTEs+SU
Strong Scripts, Weak Traits: A Longitudinal Test of Personality Coherence During COVID-19
No full textThe theory of personality coherence (TPC) posits that personality matters most when ‘scripts’---socially prescribed norms of conduct---are weak or changing. The COVID-19 pandemic offered a natural test of TPC, yet there have been no comprehensive and formal tests of the theory’s explanatory capacity in this context. We address this gap using nationally representative longitudinal data from Ukraine (2019–2021; N=1,409) and focusing on outcomes central to public health response---compliance with restrictions (attitudes) and vaccination (behavior). Contrary to TPC’s expectations, trait-outcome associations were small and inconsistent and did not change as the crisis unfolded. Concurrent traits did not reliably outperform pre-pandemic traits. While dispositions explained slightly more variance in compliance than exposure in set-wise comparisons, exposure was more predictive of vaccination intent, and neither explained vaccination uptake. The results are robust across multiple model specifications, MICE imputations, extensive bootstrapping, and latent-variable replications. Together, the findings sharpen TPC’s scope conditions: during prolonged, high-constraint crises, situational pressures overshadow rather than amplify individual differences