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Long term analysis of thermospheric total mass density
No full textBu tez çalışmasında termosferik kütle yoğunluğunun uzun dönemli değişimi ile Güneş lekesi sayısı (SSN) arasındaki ilişki gözlemlemiştir. Güneş lekesi sayısı ile 250 km, 275 km, 325 km, 375 km, 400 km, 425 km, 475 km, 525 km, 550 km, 575 km yükseklikleri için termosferik kütle yoğunluğu değerleri arasındaki ilişki 20., 21., 22., 23. ve 24. Güneş döngüleri boyunca incelenmiştir. Zamansal analizlerde toplam kütle yoğunluğu verilerindeki eğilimleri ve döngüsel bileşenleri daha net ortaya koyabilmek amacıyla tekli spektrum analizi (SSA) yapılmıştır. Ayrıca her bir yükseklik için toplam kütle yoğunluğu ile SSN arasındaki ilişki korelasyon katsayıları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, 250 km ve 325 km yüksekliklerde SSN ile termosferik kütle yoğunluğu arasında genellikle 1970 ve 1975 yıllarında ilişki yok denecek kadar zayıf bir ilişki elde edilmiş iken geri kalan tüm yükseklikler ise sadece 1975 yılı korelasyon katsayısı en küçük değerdedir. 250 km ve 325 km yüksekliklerde 1970 yılı hariç incelen tüm yıllar ve yükseklikler için toplam kütle yoğunluğu ve SSN değerleri arasında pozitif bir ilişki görülmektedir. Korelasyon katsayısının incelenen tüm zaman dilimlerinde yüksekliğin artışı ile arttığı gözlenmiştir. Bu durum Güneş ışınlarını geliş açısı ile ilişkisinden kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Güneş aktivitesi ile termosferik kütle yoğunluğu uzun dönemli ve yüksek bağımlığa sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Bu durumun, GNSS sistemleri, uydu yörünge tahminleri, yörüngeye giriş zamanı, yörüngede çarpışma tahmini ve haberleşme teknolojileri için kritik öneme sahip termosferik kütle yoğunluğu modellerin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.In this thesis study, the long-term changes of thermospheric mass density obtained at altitudes of 250 km, 275 km, 325 km, 375 km, 400 km, 425 km, 475 km, 525 km, 550 km, 575 km were investigated. In addition, the relationship between mass density and sunspot number (SSN) was analyzed. The relationship between thermospheric mass density values for sunspot number and altitudes was investigated during the 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd and 24th solar cycles. In order to reveal the trends and cyclical components in the total mass density data in temporal analyses, single spectrum analysis (SSA) was performed. In addition, correlation coefficients between total mass density and SSN were determined for each altitude. According to the findings, a weak relationship was obtained between SSN and thermospheric mass density at altitudes of 250 km and 325 km in 1970 and 1975, while for all the remaining altitudes, only the correlation coefficient of 1975 was at its lowest value. A positive relationship was observed between total mass density and SSN values for all the examined years and altitudes except 1970 at altitudes of 250 km and 325 km. It was observed that the correlation coefficient increased with the increase in altitude in all the examined time periods. It is thought that this situation is due to the relationship between the angle of incidence of solar rays. In this study, it is seen that the thermospheric mass density has a long-term and high dependence on solar activity. It is thought that this situation will contribute to the development of thermospheric mass density models, which are of critical importance for GNSS systems, satellite orbit predictions, orbit entry times, in-orbit collision prediction and communication technologies
Examining corporate social responsibility activities of BIST 100 companies following the 2023 Turkiye-Syria earthquakes
No full textPurposeThis study investigates the corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities of BIST-100 companies in response to the Turkiye-Syria earthquakes of 2023. It aims to classify and analyze the CSR efforts made by these companies through their social media (X) posts, contributing to an understanding of how firms engage in disaster relief.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative content analysis was performed on X posts by BIST-100 companies (the 100 highest stocks listed in the Istanbul Stock Market), covering the period between February 6 and June 18, 2023. The posts were categorized based on their scope, speed and type of support using Forcadell and Aracil's CSR framework. The companies' actions were classified into symbolic, reactive, passive and active CSR responses.FindingsThe analysis revealed that the majority of BIST-100 companies adopted a symbolic CSR strategy, offering limited support over a short period. However, a minority of companies demonstrated active or reactive strategies, providing diverse and sustained aid. Companies addressing a wider range of stakeholders were more likely to use an active CSR strategy.Originality/valueThis study expands on existing CSR frameworks by applying them to the context of a natural disaster, specifically the Turkiye-Syria earthquakes. It offers insights into how major Turkish companies respond to crises and the effectiveness of their CSR activities while contributing to the literature by introducing a local disaster-based assessment model
ESTUDO DE APLICAÇÕES DE MICROALGAS EM FACHADAS DE EDIFÍCIOS: UMA PERSPECTIVA BIBLIOMÉTRICA
Full text linkMicroalgae are microorganisms that offer promising potential for application in sustainable environmental technologies due to their ability to photosynthesize, produce biomass, absorb carbon dioxide, and treat wastewater. These versatile properties allow microalgae to be integrated into architectural fa & ccedil;ade systems. Photobioreactors that can be integrated into architectural facades can be used for energy generation, air quality improvement, shading, and wastewater treatment. In this context, although there are many bibliometric studies in the literature on the use of microalgae in environmental and industrial applications, no comprehensive bibliometric study focuses on the use of microalgae in architectural facade designs. This study aims to systematically reveal the research trends in this field by examining the literature on the use of microalgae in building facades and cladding systems through bibliometric analysis. According to the research findings, the scientific literature on the use of microalgae in building facades has been increasing rapidly in recent years, with interdisciplinary collaborations focusing on the themes of sustainability, energy efficiency, and biological interaction. The studies published between 2012 and 2024, with leading contributions from countries such as Germany, the USA, China, and the Netherlands, are shaped around keywords such as microalgae, bioreactor, green facade, bio-integration, with a focus on energy efficiency, sustainability, and building biotechnology. As a result, this research makes the current position of microalgae technologies visible and provides strategic recommendations to guide future academic work
Fuzzy LQR-based control to ensure comfort in HVAC system with two different zones
Full text linkHeating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are control systems that ensure indoor temperature and air quality meet desired conditions. In this study, a novel control strategy is proposed for an HVAC system operating under two distinct environmental zones with variable flow rates, addressing control challenges arising from external disturbances such as ambient temperature and humidity changes. In the system design, mathematical models were obtained, including the heat losses of two zones to the outdoor environment, as well as the heat transfer dynamics in the cooling unit, fans, and air ducts. For system control, considering ambient temperature, humidity, and variable flow rate, the required airflow was achieved by controlling the dampers placed in the indoor air inlet ducts. The core novelty of this work lies in the development and comparison of advanced control algorithms, including the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based LQR, and a newly designed PSO-based Fuzzy LQR (FLQR) controller. Comfort conditions were achieved by cooling the temperatures of two different regions from the ambient temperature to approximately 7 degrees C. The proposed FLQR controller combines the adaptability of fuzzy logic with the optimization capabilities of PSO to enhance system responsiveness and occupant comfort. Simulation results show that the FLQR method improves comfort performance by 90.4 % for Zone-1 and 88.1 % for Zone-2 compared to conventional LQR. The effectiveness of the proposed method (FLQR) is demonstrated through a comprehensive performance evaluation using Mean Squared Error (MSE) metrics, confirming its potential for intelligent HVAC applications
The Utilization of Social Media for Educational Purposes by Primary School Teachers and Parental Involvement: Perceptions and Experiences
No full textThis study explores the role of social media in education, focusing on its integration by primary school teachers in T & uuml;rkiye and its impact on educational quality. Using a quantitative approach, 146 randomly selected teachers were surveyed, with data analyzed through descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. The results indicate that teachers actively use social media for educational purposes, particularly to share teaching materials. First and second-grade teachers often employ social media for language lessons, while third and fourth-grade teachers primarily use it for mathematics instruction. Teachers view social media as a tool that enhances student engagement and believe their current usage is sufficient. The study highlights the advantages of social media in education, such as personalized learning and improved communication, but also points out concerns regarding exposure to inappropriate content and security risks. Additionally, social media plays a key role in facilitating parent-teacher communication. The findings suggest that comprehensive training, technical support, and guidance are essential for improving teachers' proficiency in using social media effectively in the classroom. This research contributes to understanding the relationship between social media and education, offering recommendations for policy and practice
Game-based unplugged computational thinking focused activities on cell divisions: Secondary school students' levels of using computational thinking skills
Full text linkBu çalışma, hücre bölünmeleri konusu kapsamında gerçekleştirilen oyun temelli bağlantısız bilgi işlemsel düşünme (BİD) odaklı etkinliklerin, 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin BİD becerilerini nasıl kullandıklarını ve bu becerileri kullanma düzeylerini nasıl desteklediğini ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması deseni kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen çalışmaya 17 öğrenci katılmıştır. Çalışmada 6 hafta boyunca hücre bölünmeleri konusunda oyun temelli bağlantısız BİD etkinlikleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, süreç boyunca alınan gözlemci notları, öğrencilerin tasarladığı oyunlar ve bu oyunların tasarım metinleri aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler, öğrencilerin BİD becerilerini nerede, nasıl (doğru veya yanlış) ve hangi düzeylerde (yetersiz, geliştirilebilir ve yeterli) kullandığını ortaya koymak amacıyla betimsel analiz yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, algoritmik düşünme ve yineleme becerilerinin öğrenciler tarafından en fazla sayıda doğru ve yeterli düzeyde kullanıldığını ortaya koymuştur. Aynı zamanda oyunlarda mantıksal düşünme becerisinin farklı düzeylerde (yetersiz, geliştirilebilir ve yeterli) uygulandığı, soyutlama ve örüntü tanıma becerilerinin ise öğrenciler için en fazla zorluk teşkil eden beceriler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma, araştırmacılara ve fen eğitimcilerine oyun temelli bağlantısız BİD odaklı etkinliklerin sınıflarda kullanımına yönelik önemli bulgular ve katkılar sunmaktadır.This study aimed to reveal how game-based unplugged computational thinking (ICT) focused activities carried out within the scope of cell divisions support 7th grade students' use of IC skills and the extent to which they use these skills. The study was carried out using a case study design, one of the qualitative research methods, with the participation of 17 students. In the study, game-based unplugged CT activities on cell division were carried out for 6 weeks. Data were collected through observer notes taken during the process, the games designed by the students, and the design texts of these games. The collected data were analyzed using the descriptive analysis method to determine where, how (correctly or incorrectly), and at what levels (insufficient, improvable, and sufficient) the students used their CT skills. The findings revealed that algorithmic thinking and iteration skills were the most frequently used correctly and at a sufficient level by the students. Additionally, it was found that logical thinking skills were applied at different levels (insufficient, improvable, and sufficient) in the games, while abstraction and pattern recognition skills posed the greatest challenges for the students. The study provides significant findings and contributions for researchers and science educators regarding the use of game-based, unplugged CT-focused activities in classrooms
The Acute Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Anaerobic Performance and Functional Strength in Female Soccer Players
Full text linkBackground/Objectives: Despite extensive research on caffeine's (CAF's) ergogenic effects, evidence regarding its impact on anaerobic performance in female athletes remains limited and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of 6 mg/kg(-1) caffeine on anaerobic performance, functional strength, agility, and ball speed in female soccer players. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design was employed. Thirteen moderately trained female soccer players (age: 21.08 +/- 1.11 years; height: 161.69 +/- 6.30 cm; weight: 59.69 +/- 10.52 kg; body mass index (BMI): 22.77 +/- 3.50 kg/m(2); training age: 7.77 +/- 1.16 years; habitual caffeine intake: 319 +/- 160 mg/day) completed two experimental trials (caffeine vs. placebo (PLA)), separated by at least 48 h. Testing sessions included performance assessments in vertical jump (VJ), running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST), bilateral leg strength (LS), handgrip strength (HS), single hop for distance (SH), medial rotation (90 degrees) hop for distance (MRH), change of direction (COD), and ball speed. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was also recorded. Results: CAF ingestion significantly improved minimum (p = 0.011; d = 0.35) and average power (p = 0.007; d = 0.29) during RAST. A significant increase was also observed in SHR (single leg hop for distance right) performance (p = 0.045; d = 0.44). No significant differences were found in VJ, COD, ball speed, LS, HS, SHL, MRHR, or MRHL (p > 0.05). RPE showed a moderate effect size (d = 0.65) favoring the CAF condition, though not statistically significant (p = 0.110). Conclusions: In conclusion, acute CAF intake at a dose of 6 mg/kg(-1) may enhance anaerobic capacity and lower-limb functional strength in female soccer players, with no significant effects on jump height, agility, or upper-body strength
Attitudes of nurses toward artificial intelligence: A multicenter comparison
No full textBackground: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming medical practices with rapidly developing technologies and the innovative solutions it provides. In order for this transformation to be successfully integrated into healthcare services, healthcare professionals must have positive attitudes towards this technology. Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the attitudes of nurses working in different provinces towards artificial intelligence. Methods: The study was planned in a descriptive cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of 1453 nurses working in 3 state hospitals (inpatient hospitals providing secondary health care services) located in the city centers of Mu & scedil;, Bing & ouml;l and Ad & imath;yaman provinces in eastern Turkey. While the sample size was 698 nurses in total, the study was completed with 737 nurses. The data were collected through the Introductory Information Form and the General Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence Scale (GAAIS). ANOVA test and multiple regression were used to analyse the data. Results: It was found that the nurses had highly positive attitudes towards artificial intelligence. When the nurses' scores from the Positive GAAIS sub-dimension were compared, it was determined that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the provinces. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) was found between the provinces in the Negative GAAIS sub-dimension, as well. Demographic characteristics were found to be effective on both Positive GAAIS and Negative GAAIS. Conclusions: Although there were differences between the provinces, the nurses generally had positive attitudes towards artificial intelligence technologies. The majority of the participants continue to use artificial intelligence technologies although they state that artificial intelligence will replace humans in the future. Longitudinal studies on the factors affecting attitudes towards artificial intelligence are recommended
Copula-Based Data Augmentation and Machine Learning for Predicting Tensile Strength of 3D-Printed PLA Under Anisotropic Conditions [2]
Full text linkIn this study, 48 polylactic acid (PLA) samples were produced via 3D printing, incorporating four infill geometries (gyroid, lattice, honeycomb, and linear), four infill rates (15%-60%), and three printing directions (x, y, z). Tensile testing revealed anisotropic mechanical behavior, with the x-direction consistently outperforming y- and z-directions due to layer adhesion dynamics. A machine learning framework leveraging copula-based data augmentation was developed to predict tensile strength at untested infill rates. The framework employed least squares regression, support vector machines (SVM), Gaussian process regression (GPR), and artificial neural networks (ANNs), augmented with 20,000 synthetic data points to enhance model robustness. Results demonstrated that gyroid geometry in the x-direction achieved the highest tensile strength (53.4 MPa at 60% infill), while Lattice patterns underperformed. Data augmentation improved prediction accuracy across all models, with SVM achieving the lowest RMSE (1.53 MPa) and R2 values exceeding 0.87. This study highlights the critical interplay of infill parameters, directional anisotropy, and machine learning in optimizing 3D-printed PLA components for industrial applications, offering a data-driven pathway to reduce experimental costs and accelerate material design
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ETHNIC MEMBERSHIP AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOUR: AN ANALYSIS ON THE FIRST KURDISH ORIGIN IDEALISTS OF MUS
Full text linkSiyasal davranis, sosyolojik, psikolojik ve ekonomik faktörlerden olusmaktadir. Bireyler siyasal davranislarini olustururken bu faktörlerden birinden ya da birkaç tanesinden etkilenebilirler. Bundan dolayi bireylerin siyasi veya ideolojik tercihlerinin açiklanabilir bir altyapiya sahip oldugu varsayilir. Bireylerin mensup olduklari etnik köken de sosyolojik bir faktör olarak onlarin ideolojik duruslarini ve siyasi tercihlerini büyük oranda etkiledigi bilinmektedir. Fakat sosyolojik bir faktör olarak degerlendirilen etnik mensubiyet her zaman beklendigi yönde etkide bulunarak alisilmis sonuçlar vermeyebilir. Gerek ülkücülügün fikri temellerini olusturan kadrolarin durusu gerekse benimsedikleri ideallerden dolayi ülkemizde ‘Ülkücülük’ Türk kökenli olanlara mahsus bir siyasi durus olarak bilinir. Fakat yapilan incelemeler sonucu farkli etnik kökene mensup olanlarin da bu siyasi durusu benimsedigi gözlemlenmistir. Mus ilinde yasayan ‘Kürt Kökenli Ülkücüler’ bu konudaki önemli örneklerden birini olusturmaktadir. Çalismada, Mus’un ‘Kürt Kökenli Ülkücüleri’ olarak ele alinan kesimin etnik mensubiyetten ziyade ülke çikarlari ve dini hassasiyetlerinin daha baskin oldugu gözlemlenebilmektedir. Bu bakis açisindan dolayi siyasi tercihlerini olustururken beklenenin disinda bir davranis sergiledikleri savunulabilir.Political behaviour consists of sociological, psychological and economic factors. Individuals may be affected by one or more of these factors while forming their political behaviour. Therefore, it is assumed that individuals’ political or ideological preferences have an explainable underlying structure. It is known that the ethnic origin of individuals, as a sociological factor, greatly affects their ideological stance and political preferences. However, ethnic affiliation, which is considered to be a sociological factor, may not always have the expected effect and give usual results. Due to both the stance of the cadres that shaped the ideological foundations of idealism and the ideals they embraced, idealism in our country is known as a political stance exclusive to those of Turkish origin. However, studies have revealed that individuals from different ethnic backgrounds have also embraced this political stance. The Kurdish-origin idealists living in the province of Mus constitute a significant example in this regard. In the current study, it can be observed that the group referred to as the Kurdish-origin idealists of Mus prioritizes national interests and religious sensitivities over ethnic identity. As a result, it can be argued that they exhibit behaviours contrary to expectations when shaping their political preferences