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Seyidxan Kurij, çalışmaları ve edebi kişiliği
Get PDFSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kürt Dili ve Edebiyatı Ana Bilim DalıBu tezin amacı Zaza yazarlarından biri üzerinden Zazaca dilini incelemektir. Zazaca dilinin gelişim, yazım sürecini yazar hayatı üzerinden inceleyeceğiz. Değerli yazarlardan Seyidxan Kurij bu yazı sürecinin her alanında çalışmıştır. Bu nedenle çalışma Seyidxan Kurij'in hayatı üzerine yapılmıştır. Seyidxan Kurij Zazaca üzerine bir çok çalışma yapmıştır. Bu çalışmalarından biri hikayeciliğidir. Seyîdxan Kurij'in hikayeciliği üzerinden Zazaca Edebiyat anlayışını inceleyeceğiz. Onun hayatı üzerinden Zazaca edebiyatının gelişimine bakacağız. Yazarımız Zazaca Dilini nasıl kullanmıştır onu da göreceğiz. Bir yandan da Zaza kültürüne bakacağız. Bingöl ve çevresinde meydana gelen bu olaylar bize kültür hakkında bilgi verecektir. Yazarımız Bingöl ve çevresindeki kültürel derlemeler de toplamıştır. Bunlardan biri masallar biri fiqralar biri de de türkülerdir. Bu derlemeler üzerine de unsur incelemesi yapacağız. Zazaca'nın 1996'ya kadar olan çalışmalarında ortak bir yazım grameri bulunmamaktadır. Bu da Zazaca'nın yazımında çok başlılığa neden olmaktaydı. Ortak bir yazı diline olan bu ihtiyaçtan dolayı standartlaşma çalışmaları başlamıştır. Bu çalışmalar Avrupa'da başlamış daha sonra Türkiye'de devam etmiştir. Dilin, yazıya geçmesiyle beraber ihtiyaç duyulan standartlaşma çalışmaları halen devam etmektedir. Seyidxan Kurij'in Bingöl ve yöresinde yaptığı çalışmalar standartlaşma çalışmalarına büyük katkı sağlamıştır. Tez de bu çalışmalar da yakından incelenmiştir. Bu sürece baktığımızda çalışmaların Vate Çalışma Gurubuyla birlikte 1996 yılında başladığını görürüz. Vate Çalışma Grubu'nun kurucularından biri olan Seyidxan KURIJ, bu tarihten önce de birçok çalışma yapmıştır. Bu çalışmalar üzerinden Zazacaya bakacağız.The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the Zazaki language through one of its prominent writers. We will explore the development and writing process of the Zazaki language through the life of a writer. Seyîdxan Kurij, one of the esteemed authors, has worked in every aspect of this writing process. For this reason, the study focuses on the life of Seyîdxan Kurij. He has contributed significantly to Zazaki through various works, including his storytelling. We will examine the understanding of Zazaki literature through Kurij's storytelling and look at the development of Zazaki literature through his life. The study also explores how the author used the Zazaki language. Additionally, we will take a look at Zaza culture. The events that took place in and around Bingöl will provide us with insights into the culture. Kurij also collected cultural folklore from Bingöl and its surroundings, including tales, anecdotes, and folk songs. These collections will also be analyzed in terms of their elements. Up until 1996, there was no unified grammar for the Zazaki language, leading to inconsistencies in its written form. Due to the need for a common written language, standardization efforts began. These efforts started in Europe and later continued in Turkey. The need for standardization, which emerged with the transition of the language into writing, is still ongoing. Seyîdxan Kurij's work in Bingöl and the surrounding areas has made a significant contribution to these standardization efforts. This thesis closely examines these contributions. Looking at the process, it is observed that the efforts began in 1996 with the Vate Working Group. Seyîdxan Kurij, one of the founders of this group, had already done substantial work before this date. Through these works, we will analyze the Zazaki language
The Introduction of the 1916-1917 Istanbul Telephone Directory and Its Significance Within the Ottoman Communications Network
Get PDFThis study focuses on the historical development of telephone directories in the Ottoman Empire by examining the 1916-1917 Istanbul telephone directory, the directory's fifth edition. The first telephone directory in the world was published in New Haven in 1878, and over the following years, directories evolved in both content and form, establishing their place in the world of communication. In the Ottoman Empire, this tradition dates back to 1913. The Istanbul telephone directory examined here provides significant information about telephone usage, communication rules, and the subscription system in Istanbul during the period. The directory includes a telephone usage guide, company rules, and phone numbers of various subscribers ranging from the sultan and the royal family to state officials, ministries, and departments, as well as merchants, traders, and bankers. Additionally, the pages of the directory feature advertisements from contemporary businesses and brands, offering insights into commercial life in the period. The directory's publication in both Ottoman Turkish and French highlights the multilingual nature of the period and Istanbul's significance in international trade. This study aims to provide a detailed introduction to the directory and to highlight the contributions of Ottoman telephone directories to communications technology. The research covers regulations related to telephone subscriptions, telephone usage guides, advertisements and notices, and the system of organizing names in the directory. The content of the directory serves as a valuable resource for broader research on Istanbul's social and commercial structure, demographic layout, and street names. This study's presentation of the directory to experts in related fields promises to contribute to future studies on urban and socio-economic history. The study addresses the use of telephones globally and in the Ottoman Empire, followed by an analysis of the directory's content
The Mediating Role of Social Creativity Strategies in the Relationship Between Identification with Female Identity and Collective Action
No full textSocial identity theory argues that social creativity strategies undermine tendencies that foster social change, such as collective action orientation, and provide continuity for the existing social status system by reinforcing it. However, various findings indicate that this is not the case, at least for the strategy of changing value of the in-group dimension. The findings suggest that as identification with the ingroup increases, this strategy motivates individuals to engage in social competition and thus bring about social change. This study, conducted with 219 female college students in Turkey, aims to examine the mediating role of social creativity strategies in the relationship between identification with female identity and participation in collective actions intended to improve women's social status through structural equation modeling. Political view was included in the model as a control variable to ensure that the possible relationships were not due to political view. The present study is unique in that it examines the relationship between social creativity strategies and collective action orientation, on the one hand, and reveals a new mechanism that plays a mediating role in the relationship between identification and collective action orientation, on the other. The structural equation modeling results show that changing the out-group strategy negatively predicts collective action orientation, while the new dimension and changing the values strategies predict it positively. In addition, as participants' political views shift to the left, their collective action orientation increases. In the relationship between identification with female identity and collective action orientation, changing the out-group has a negative mediating role, while the other two strategies play a positive mediating role. These findings indicate that social creativity strategies can have important implications for collective actions aimed at reducing social inequality and increasing social status. Based on the findings, it can be said that social creativity strategies are not only cognitive strategies affirming ingroup identity and enhancing self-esteem but also instruments that reinforce or weaken collective action motivation
Optimization of energy problems through heuristic algorithm based artificial neural networks
Get PDFFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Nükleer Enerji ve Enerji Sistemleri Ana Bilim DalıEnerji, üretilen bir model ya da sistemin iş yapma kapasitesidir. Günümüz dünyası enerji kaynaklarındaki tükenme olasılığını hesaba katarak teknolojik gelişmeleri enerji verimliliği noktasında kullanmak istemektedir. Tüketilen enerjinin büyük bir kısmı binalarda kullanılmaktadır. Enerji kaynaklarının sınırlı olması, binalarda enerji verimliliği ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların ne denli önemli olduğunu açıklamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı günümüz dünyasının enerji verimliliği gibi büyük problemlerini optimize edebilen sezgisel üstü algoritmalardan salp sürü algoritması (Salp Swarm Algorithm-SSA)'nın optimizasyoncu olarak değerlendirilmesi ve örnek bir enerji problemi ele alınarak sınıflandırıcı olarak tahmin gücünü gözlemlemektir. Enerjiyi etkili kullanma problemi bina tasarımı için seçilen ekipmanların seçiminde önemli bir yer tutan ısıtma yükü faktörü (Heat Load-HL) ve soğutma yükü faktörü (Cold Load-CL) faktörlerinin doğru tahminlemesi ile çözüme katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu problemin çözümünde makine öğrenme algoritmalarından, bir yapay sinir ağı mimarisi olan çok katmanlı algılayıcı (Multi Layer Percpetron-MLP) seçilerek sezgisel üstü algoritmalardan SSA danışman olarak ele alınmış ve alternatif algoritmalarla karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Algoritmanın rekabet gücü ve kalitesi CEC 2019 fonksiyon seti vasıtasıyla gözlemlenmiştir. İstatistiki sonuçlar ve grafikler aracılığıyla elde edilen verilere bakıldığında SSA'nın rekabetçi yapıda, etkili ve güncel bir algoritma olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Enerji verimliliği veri seti binalarda ısıtma, soğutma, havalandırma ve iklimlendirme (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning- HVAC) sistemlerinin optimal kullanımında değerlendirme kriteri olabilecek bir kaynak tezde kullanılarak SSA temelli MLP mimarisiyle eğitimi sağlanmıştır. Deneysel sonuçlar enerji probleminde de SSA'nın iyi bir sınıflandırma sağlayan danışman olduğu istatistiki deneyler aracılığıyla ispatlamıştır.Energy is the capacity of a system to do work. In today's world, the focus is on utilizing technological advancements to achieve energy efficiency, given the potential depletion of energy resources. A significant portion of energy consumption occurs in buildings, highlighting the importance of studies on energy efficiency in this sector. This study aims to evaluate the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), a metaheuristic algorithm, in optimizing major contemporary issues such as energy efficiency. Specifically, it examines SSA's effectiveness as both an optimizer and a classifier in an example energy problem.Efficient energy use is crucial for accurately estimating heating load (HL) and cooling load (CL) factors, which are essential for selecting equipment in building design. To address this issue, the study employs the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), an artificial neural network architecture, in conjunction with SSA as an optimization consultant, and compares it with alternative algorithms. Statistical results and graphs indicate that SSA is a competitive, effective, and modern algorithm.The research utilizes the energy efficiency dataset to evaluate the optimal use of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings. The SSA-based MLP architecture was trained using this dataset, and the experimental results demonstrated that SSA is an effective classifier for energy-related problems through various statistical analyses
Effects of local application of bovine amniotic fluid on fracture healing in rats ( Rattus norvegicus )
Get PDFIn this study, it was aim to examine the local application of bovine amniotic fluid on bone fracture healing in rats. Twenty female sprague dawley rats included in the study were divided into 2 groups of 10. The sham group (n=10): Bone fractures were created in the right tibia bones of the rats and fixed with kirschner wire. After a four-week recovery period, the subjects were sacrificed. Local bovine amniotic fluid group (n=10): Bone fractures were created in the right tibia bones of the rats and local bovine amniotic fuid was applied during fixation with kirschner wire. After a four-week recovery period, the subjects were sacrificed. Samples from all subjects were decalcified, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and new bone formation and fibrosis were analyzed. When the groups were evaluated in terms of new bone regeneration, it was determined that the new bone regeneration in the subjects treated with local bovine amniotic fluid were statistically significantly higher than sham group ( P <0.05). When the groups were evaluated in terms of fibrosis, the fibrosis value in the sham group was found to be statistically significantly higher when compared with the local bovine amniotic fluid group ( P <0.05). It can be stated that local bovine amniotic fluid application may positively affect the healing of bone fractures
COMPARISON SEROPREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII, RUBELLA, AND CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IN MUŞ PROVINCE BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMİC
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), rubella and cytomegalovirus (CMV) and the primary infection rates of these agents with avidity test in pregnant women in Muş province. Additionally, the effect of prevention and protection measures implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic on the prevalence of T. gondii, rubella and CMV in pregnant women was also investigated. Between 2018 and 2021, IgG and IgM antibodies in the serum samples of pregnant women who applied to the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics polyclinic of Muş State Hospital were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). High and low avidity assays were examined by enzyme linked fluorescence assay (ELFA). Low seroprevalence of T. gondii IgG antibody (28%) and the detection of low avidity detection in 38 of 102 pregnant women indicate that this parasite may be a risk for intrauterine life. Rubella IgG (89%) and CMV IgG (99%) antibodies were found to carry a low risk due to their high seroprevalence and avidity. It was determined that Covid-19 prevention and protection measures caused a significant decrease in the prevalence of rubella and CMV, but had no effect on the prevalence of T.gondii
Optical electrical antiferromagnetic microfluidical mKDV magnetomotive phase
No full textIn this manuscript, we illustrate antiferromagnetic geometric electric Heisenberg-microfluidical axially mKdV r-electrical phi(r), phi(t), phi(n) flux solidity in spherical Heisenberg group. Then, we get optical electric Heisenberg-microfluidical mKdV r-magnetomotive phi(r), phi(t), phi(n) phase. Also, we obtain antiferromagnetic axially electrical Heisenberg-microfluidical mKdV r-electrical phi(r), phi(t), phi(n) flux r-direction orbit in spherical Heisenberg group. Finally, we have antiferromagnetic optical electric Heisenberg-microfluidical mKdV r-magnetomotive phi(r), phi(t), phi(n) phase.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBIdot;TAK)Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUB & Idot;TAK)
MICHAEL SANDEL’İN MERİTOKRATİK ETİK ELEŞTİRİSİ VE EĞİTİMDE SOSYAL ADALET
No full textEğitim, insanın gelişimindeki en önemli sosyal iyilerden birisi olmanın yanında kişinin yaşadığı siyasal ve sosyal yapıyı belirlemede oldukça önemli rol oynar. Bunun yanında eğitim, demokratik bir toplumda eşitsizlikleri ortadan kaldırmanın ve sosyal adaleti sağlamanın en önemli dayanaklarından biridir. Eğitim aracılığıyla sosyal adaleti sağlamada yaygın olarak kullanılan ve yetenek + çaba şeklinde formülleştirilen meritokrasi, herkese fırsat eşitliği sunar. Eğitim alanında meritokrasinin uygulanışına ilk örnek 13. yy Çin Hanedanlığında doğal aristokrasiye bir karşı çıkış ve yetenekli insanları devlete kazandırmayı amaçlayarak yapılan sivil sınavlardır. Çin Hanedanlığı ülke genelinde yaptığı sınavlarla her kesimden insanlara devlet kademelerini açıyordu. Ancak günümüzde de etkili olan meritokratik sistem onun ortaya çıkardığı etik anlayışı eğitim aracılığıyla gerçekten sosyal adaleti sağlamakta mıdır? Bu çalışmada bu soruya eleştirel bir çerçevede yanıt sunan çağdaş siyaset filozofu Michael Sandel’in görüşleri analiz edilecektir. Sandel’e göre küreselleşmenin ve uygulanan politikaların etkisiyle demokratik toplumlardan meritokratik toplumlara doğru evrilmekteyiz. Meritokratik toplumun en belirgin özelliği, insanları seçkin ve kibirli bir sınıf ile başarısız olarak görülen aşağılanmış bir sınıf olarak ikiye bölmesidir. Eğitimin başat rol oynadığı bu evrilmede hem ahlaki hem de politik sorunlarla baş başa kalan toplumlar, sosyal adalet açısından da ciddi krizlerle karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Çalışmada Sandel’in meritokrasi eleştirisi merkeze alınarak meritokratik bir çağda eğitim ile sosyal adalet arasındaki ilişki analiz edilecektir. Sandel, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ndeki üniversitelere giriş için belirli koşulları sağlamış öğrenciler arasından kura ile öğrenci alma fikrini bahsi geçen sorunlar karşısında bir çözüm olarak sunar. Sonuçta, Sandel’in önerisinin meritokratik etiğin yarattığı sorunlar için yetersiz bir çözüm olduğu eleştirisi yapılacak ve probleme dair genel değerlendirme yapılacaktır
Waqifiyya in Shi'a Hadith Thought and the Value of Narrations Coming from Them
No full textShi'a has divided into many sects due to various reasons throughout the historical process. One of the sects formed as a result of these divisions is Waqifiyya. The word Waqifi has been used in different contexts in many sects, In Shi'a terminology, for those who do not accept the death of Imam Musa al-Kazim when he is used in absolute terms, reject the imamate of his son 'Ali al-Rida who was appointed after him, adopt the idea that al-Kazim will return as the Mahdi and continue their beliefs on his imamate and jurisprudence. is used. Although materiality played an important role in the emergence of Waqifiyya, it is seen that other reasons also had an impact. The main factor that makes Waqifiyya important in terms of Shi'a hadith science is that the situation of the narrators who have this idea in terms of justice and control and whether the issue of whether they can bring evidence from the narrations conveyed through them remains current in the history of Shi'a hadith. Therefore, knowing Waqifiyya in detail will help to understand the internal criticism mechanism in the sect and the methods of approaching the sects that Shi'a sees as other. Although many studies have been conducted focusing on other sects of Shia, no independent study has been conducted on Waqifiyya.Our study aims to contribute to this deficiency seen in the literature. In the article, what is the value of Waqifiyya and the narrations coming from them in Shia hadith thought? The answer to the question is sought. In order to better understand the issue, the study will examine the subject from a descriptive and analytical perspective, paying utmost attention to the principle of idea-event connection. For this purpose, documentation analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods, will be used. In the final analysis, although Shi'a accuses the Waqifis s of lying, atheism, infidelity and distorting narrations, they attach value to the narrations coming from their sect and use their narrations wherever they need within certain conditions. It is possible to explain this with the dominance of those who adopt the Wakifi view in the sect, and the narrations coming through them are widely included in the hadith and rijal books and have become established in the sect
COMPARATIVE TIME SERIES ANALYSIS OF ANATOLIAN WATER BUFFALO STOCK IN TÜRKİYE
No full textWater buffalo holds an important place in the livestock heritage in T & uuml;rkiye. In the current study, buffalo numbers between 2023 and 2032 were estimated by using buffalo number data from 1991 to 2022. In the study, FAOSTAT data between 1961 and 2021 and T & Uuml;& Idot;K data for 2022 were used to obtain the time series. ARIMA modeling method was used in the study conducted in R programming language. ARIMA is a time series model that can make predictions from time series based on explaining univariate data. According to the results of the analysis made in the study, it is seen that the number of buffaloes in T & uuml;rkiye will continue to decrease. According to the results obtained, it is estimated that the number of buffaloes will be 157,755 heads in 2023, 96,851 heads in 2027 and 19,136 heads in 2032. The disease resistance of buffaloes, their high adaptability, the high demand for water buffalo products, the preference for high-yielding cows for milk production despite government support payments, increasing mechanization, the reduction of buffalo habitats and the increase in input costs have led to a decline in Anatolian water buffalo populations. To prevent the Anatolian water buffalo from being threatened with extinction, the population decline must be halted and improved. To ensure this, the decline of the pastures that form the buffalo's habitat must be halted, pasture areas must be increased, and existing pastures rehabilitated, government subsidies for buffalo and calf rearing must be increased and market opportunities for buffalo products must be expanded