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The effectiveness of kinesio taping in addition to conventional treatment in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial
No full textAims: This study aimed to compare the effects of kinesio taping in combination with conventional treatment on pain intensity, lumbar range of motion (ROM) and flexibility, disability, and depression levels in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) with conventional treatment alone. Methods: The 48 individuals with CLBP included in the trial were randomized into the control group (CG, n=24) and the kinesio taping group (KTG, n=24). The CG received only conventional treatment for four weeks, while the KTG received kinesio taping for four weeks in addition to conventional treatment. Before and after the four-week treatment periods, patients were assessed with respect to pain intensity (visual analogue scale), lumbar ROM (goniometric measurement), flexibility (hand-ground distance), disability (Oswestry disability index), and depression (Beck depression inventory). Results: After the treatment programs, there were significant improvements in pain intensity, lumbar ROM and flexibility, disability, and depression levels in both the CG and KTG groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, improvements in pain intensity, lumbar ROM and flexibility, disability, and depression levels were significantly higher in CTG compared to CG (p<0.05). Conclusion: Conventional treatment of CLBP is effective in improving pain, lumbar ROM and flexibility, disability, and depression levels, but further improvement can be achieved with the additional application of kinesio taping
IDENTITY CONFUSION IN DOROTHY WEST’S THE LIVING IS EASY
No full textLiterature is a media for conveying the authors’ ideas and feelings to the payers, or it is a mean of relief for them to bare their souls. In this context, literature involves an enormous place in human life. In this regard, African American literature has an important place in American literature and culture. It is also one of the strongest pillars of the literature produced by black writers in the United States of America. African American literature goes and continues in the course of history as oral literature from generation to generation. Since African Americans’ place changes gradually in the USA- due to racism in particular- their viewpoint of literature changes, too. African American history predates the foundation of the United States of America as an independent country, so their literature has deep roots, consisting of rich oral culture in poetry, including gospel music, blues, rap, and spirituals along with written poetry, and slave narrations. Although African Americans come from slave ancestors, they have been able to leave a deep effect on the literature of the United States when they are brought to the continent of America. African American literature is mainly based on autobiographical spiritual narratives, and before the American Civil War African Americans’ literature consists of memoirs of people who escape from slavery. So, African American literature has witnessed the problem of racial discrimination in its existential aspect. But in the progress of time, black writers go deep into verbal literature and perform their own experiences. Dorothy West, in her novel Living is Easy criticizes the blacks who mimes the whites. When we scrutinize, it is possible to penetrate that the writer wants to reflect her own experiences via narration and criticizes her own past. Writing is a kind of purgation for West since she writes about herself. In this study, we aim to point out the impulses that foster Dorothy West’s narration from a Freudian point of view
Socialism In Panait Istrati's Novels
No full textBu çalisma, Rumen yazar Panait Istrati’nin sosyalizme yönelik düsüncelerini ve elestirilerini ele almaktadir. Yazarin, “Usak”, “Hayat Yollarinda”, “Baragan’in Dikenleri” ve “Minka Abla” isimli eserlerinde sosyalizme yönelik düsüncelerinin iz düsümlerini görmek mümkündür. Gençlik dönemlerinde, sosyalist fikirlere ilgi duyan ve isçi sendikalarinda sekreter olarak da görev yapan yazar, romanlarinda tam olarak sosyalizme yakin bir pozisyon almak yerine, daha çok sistemin uygulama alanindaki eksikliklerinden bahsederek ya da bir takim elestirilerek dile getirerek bu ideolojiye karsi mesafeli durmayi tercih etmektedir. Sosyalizme yönelik fikirlerinin, gençlik dönemlerinden daha farkli bir içerik kazanmasinda ve bu ideolojiye mesafeli yaklasmasinda bir takim gelismelerin belirleyici oldugunu söylemek mümkündür. Örnegin, ezilen kesimin içerisinde yer alan bazi kisi ve gruplarin ahlaki yönden zayif olduklarini düsünmesi ve sosyalist ideolojiyi benimseyen devletlerin iktidarlari süresince ulasmak istedikleri ekonomik ve toplumsal hedeflerden oldukça uzak bir noktada olmalari, yazarin bu ideolojiye olan düsüncelerini gözden geçirmesine neden olmustur. Açikçasi, yazarin eserlerinde, Romanya halkinin ekonomik ve sosyal durumlari, yerel halkin yasadigi sorunlar ve toplumdaki çatisma örnekleri beraberinde alt sinifa mensup kesimlerin yasadigi zorluklardan çikis için bulduklari yanlis çözüm yollari ve burjuva sinifin gündelik iliskileri ve is yapma biçimleri tarafsiz bir gözle izlenmeye çalisilir. Makalede de bu dogrultuda sosyalizmin tarihinden ve zaman içerisinde yasadigi degisimden kisaca bahsedilecek sonrasinda ise yazarin yukarida belirlenen eserlerinde yer alan her iki sinif ile ilgili düsünceleri ve degerlendirmeleri ele alinmaya çalisilacaktir.his study deals with Romanian writer Panait Istrati's thoughts and criticisms towards socialism. It is possible to see the reflections of the author's thoughts on socialism in his works titled "Usak", "On the Roads of Life", "Baragan's Thorns" and "Minka Abla". The author, who was interested in socialist ideas in his youth and also worked as a secretary in labor unions, prefers to keep his distance from this ideology by talking about the shortcomings of the system in its implementation or expressing some criticisms, rather than taking a position close to full socialism in his novels. It is possible to say that a number of developments were decisive in his ideas about socialism gaining a different content than in his youth and in his distance from this ideology. For example, the fact that some individuals and groups with in the oppressed segment thought that they were morally weak and that the states that adopted the socialist ideology were far from the economic and social goals they wanted to achieve during their rule caused the author to review his thoughts on this ideology. Frankly, in the author's works, the economic and social situations of the Romanian people, the problems experienced by the local people and examples of conflicts in society, as well as the wrong solutions found by the lower class to get out of the difficulties they experience, and the daily relations and ways of doing business of the bourgeois class, are tried to be observed objectively. In this article, the history of socialism and its changes over time will be briefly mentioned, and then the author's thoughts and evaluations regarding both classes in the above-mentioned works will be discussed
Ebû İshâk el-İsferâyînî’nin Usûl Düşüncesi -Haber, İcmâ, İctihad ve Taklid Örneği-
Get PDFEbû İshâk el-İsferâyînî (ö. 418/1027), Horasan Şâfiîliğinin önemli sima-larından olup ashâb-ı vücûhtan bir fakihtir. Irak’ta kelâm, fıkıh, fıkıh usûlü, hadis alanlarında önemli isimlerden eğitim almıştır. Nîsâbûr’a döndükten sonra kendisi adına yaptırılan medresede dersler vermiştir. Sonraki süreçte Şâfiîliğin seyrine etki eden Abdulkâhir el-Bağdâdî (ö. 429/1037-38), Ebü’t-Tayyib et-Taberî (ö. 450/1058), Ebü’l-Kâsım el-İskâf el-İsferâyînî (ö. 452/1060), Ebu’r-Rebî‘ Îlâkî (ö. 465/1073), Ebü’l-Kâsım el-Kuşeyrî (ö. 465/1072) gibi öğrenciler yetiştirmiştir. Önemli bir hadisçi ve Eş‘arî kelâmcı-sı olarak eserler telif etmiştir. Çoğunluğu günümüze ulaşmasa da bu eserler-den yapılan alıntılar sayesinde onun görüşlerini öğrenmekteyiz. Mu‘tezile’den etkilendiğine yönelik eleştirilmesine neden olan ve fıkıh usûlüne yansıyan görüşleri bulunmaktadır. Mütekellim bir usûlcü olmasına rağmen usûlde fukahâ yöntemini benimsemiş olması, onun görüşlerinin önemini daha da arttırmaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı; haber, icmâ, ictihad ve taklid konuları özelinde Ebû İshâk el-İsferâyînî’nin usûl düşüncesini orta-ya koymak ve Şâfiî mezhebi usûlüne yansımalarını tespit etmektir. Ülkemiz-de Ebû İshâk el-İsferâyînî’nin fıkıh usûlü düşüncesine dair müstakil bir ça-lışmanın bulunmaması dolayısıyla araştırmamızın onun hukukçuluğuna yönelik yapılacak çalışmalara katkı sağlayacağı kanaatindeyiz
Determination of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Nurses Working in Surgical Intensive Care Units on the Use of Physical Restraint: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
No full textBackground: Research on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nurses working in surgical intensive care units regarding the use of physical restraints is limited. Objective: This study aimed to assess nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding physical restraint use in surgical intensive care units (S-ICUs). Method: The research, a descriptive cross-sectional study, involved nurses from three hospitals’ surgical intensive care units between March 15th and June 15th, 2022, with a total of 73 voluntarily participating nurses (n=73). Data were gathered using the Physical Restraint Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Scale via face-to-face surveys. In the analysis of the data, independent t tests and one-way ANOVA were used. The post hoc Tukey HSD test was utilized to determine the variables contributing to the differences. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant, and the study’s reporting adhered to the STROBE checklist. Results: The participating nurses had a mean age of 32.08±6.91 years, with 61.6% being female and 68.5% having undergraduate degrees. The total scale score was 76.86±6.58, with subdimension scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice at 7.09±1.49, 32.52±4.5, and 37.24±3.30, respectively. Nurses working ≤61 hours per week had lower scores in physical restraint attitude and practice (p=.001 for both), and there was a significant negative correlation between nurses’ weekly working hours and their physical restraint attitude and practice scores (r=.746 and r=.734, respectively) (p<.05). Conclusion: Nurses displayed shortcomings in knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to physical restraint use. It has been determined that nurses do not consistently document the physical restraint, do not always implement it solely based on physician directives, and do not always resort to alternative methods. Knowledge scores were linked to S-ICU work experience, while attitude and practice scores were influenced by weekly working hours
An examination of the effectiveness of school-based budgeting policy
Get PDFBu çalışma, uygulayıcılar olarak öğretmenler ve okul yöneticilerin bakış açılarıyla okul bazlı bütçeleme politikasının etkililiğini, anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Okul yönetimlerinin bütçe süreçlerindeki yetki ve sorumluluklarını artırarak kaynakların daha etkin ve verimli kullanılmasını hedefler. Bu sistem, politik hedefler doğrultusunda, tüketim miktarlarının sağlıklı bir şekilde raporlanması, planlamaların gerçekçi verilere dayanması ve tasarruf tedbirlerinin uygulanması gibi boyutlarda etkililiği tanımlamaktadır. Araştırmada keşfedici sıralı karma yöntem kullanılmıştır. Keşfedici sıralı karma yöntem, öncelikle nitel verilerle araştırma konusu hakkında derinlemesine bilgi elde edilip bu bilgilerin daha geniş bir örneklem üzerinde test edilmesi amacıyla nicel verilerle desteklenmesini içermektedir. Nitel veriler Muş ili merkez ve köylerinde görev yapan okul yöneticileriyle yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerden, nicel veriler ise öğretmen ve yöneticilere uygulanan anketlerden elde edilmiştir. Nitel boyutta amaçlı örnekleme ile farklı özelliklere sahip 16 yöneticiyle görüşülmüş; nicel boyutta ise uygun örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 515 katılımcıdan (132 okul müdürü, 136 müdür yardımcısı ve 247 öğretmen) veri toplanmıştır. Veriler uygulamanın ikinci yılının başında toplanmaya başlanıp üçüncü yılının sonuna kadar devam etmiştir. Veriler, içerik analizi ve betimsel istatistiklerle bilgisayar programları aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, etkililik için belirlenen otonomi, bürokrasi, kaynak verimliliği, eğitim kalitesi, politikanın hayata geçirilmesi ve politikaya dair öneriler temalarına göre sunulmuştur. okul bazlı bütçelemenin yöneticilere geniş bir otonomi sağladığını ve kaynak kullanımında esneklik kazandırarak ihtiyaçlara hızlı çözümler sunulduğunu göstermiştir. Öğretmenlerin sürece katılımı, okul kültüründe olumlu değişimlere yol açarken; velilerin katılımının sınırlı olması, sürecin kapsayıcılığını azaltmaktadır. Bürokratik formalizasyon, yöneticilerin iş yükünü artırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Ödenek dağıtımında şeffaflık eksikliği ve adil olmayan kriterler, kaynak verimliliğini olumsuz etkilemiştir. Politikanın hayata geçirilmesi teması ile ilgili sonuçlar, nitel ve nicel bulguların genel olarak birbiriyle uyumlu olduğunu göstermektedir. Nicel bulgularda öğretmenler arasında "fikrim yok" seçeneği, destek ve geri bildirim alma ile alınan geri bildirimlere göre yapılan iyileştirmeler boyutlarında dikkat çekici bir şekilde öne çıkmıştır. Bu kapsamda, okul yöneticilerine daha fazla otonomi tanınması, yöneticilerin bütçe planlama becerilerini geliştirecek eğitim programlarının uygulanması, bürokratik engellerin azaltılarak acil harcamalar için esnek kurallar getirilmesi ve şeffaf, adil bir ödenek dağıtım modeli oluşturulması önerilmektedir.This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the school-based budgeting policy from the perspectives of practitioners, specifically teachers and school administrators. The policy seeks to enhance the effective and efficient use of resources by increasing the authority and responsibilities of school administrations in budget processes. Effectiveness is defined in terms of key dimensions such as accurate reporting of consumption levels, realistic data-based planning, and the implementation of cost-saving measures in line with policy objectives. An exploratory sequential mixed-method design was employed in the research. This approach involves first gathering in-depth information on the research topic through qualitative data and then supporting these findings with quantitative data to test them on a broader sample. Qualitative data were obtained from semi-structured interviews conducted with school administrators working in the central and rural areas of Muş province, while quantitative data were collected through surveys administered to teachers and administrators. In the qualitative phase, purposeful sampling was used to select 16 administrators with diverse characteristics for interviews. In the quantitative phase, convenience sampling was applied, resulting in data collection from 515 participants, comprising 132 school principals, 136 vice principals, and 247 teachers. Data collection began at the start of the policy's second year and continued until the end of its third year. The data were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistics with the aid of computer software. Findings were presented under themes determined for assessing effectiveness, namely autonomy, bureaucracy, resource efficiency, educational quality, policy implementation, and suggestions for improvement. The results showed that school-based budgeting provides administrators with significant autonomy and enhances flexibility in resource allocation, enabling quick solutions to meet needs.Teachers' involvement in the process contributed to positive changes in school culture, whereas limited parental participation reduced the inclusiveness of the process. Bureaucratic formalization was observed to increase the workload of administrators. Additionally, a lack of transparency and the use of inequitable criteria in fund allocation negatively impacted resource efficiency. The results related to the theme of policy implementation indicated a general alignment between qualitative and quantitative findings. In the quantitative findings, the "no opinion" option stood out significantly among teachers, particularly in areas such as receiving support and feedback and making improvements based on feedback. In light of these findings, it is recommended to grant school administrators greater autonomy, implement training programs to enhance their budget planning skills, reduce bureaucratic barriers, introduce flexible regulations for urgent expenditures, and establish a transparent and equitable fund allocation model
Fransiz Tarih Devrimi: Annales Okulu
No full textGenel olarak Annales ismiyle bilinen tarih ekolü; Fransa’da yayimlanan ve akademik bir tarih dergisi olan Annales d’Historie Economique et Sociale (Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Yilliklari) adli dergi çevresinde toplanan akademisyenler tarafindan kurulmustur. Kuruculari; biri XVI. yüzyil uzmani olan Lucien Febvre ve digeri Orta Çag uzmani olan Marc Bloch’tur. Avrupa’da I ve II. Dünya Savaslari arasi dönemde, Fransa’da dogan ve yeni tarih yaklasimi merkeze alinarak yayin hayatina giren Annales d’Histoire Sociale et Economique dergisi etrafinda toplanan bir grup tarihçinin olusturdugu harekete Annales Okulu adi verilmistir. Hareketin merkezinde Lucien Febvre, Marc Bloch, Fernand Braudel, Georges Duby, Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie ve Jackues Le Goff bulunmaktadir. Bir dergi etrafinda toplanan Annales grubu zaman içerisinde bir tarihsel ekol hâline gelmistir. Ekolün olusmasinda Febvre’in yazilarinin önemli bir katkisi olmustur. Febvre, yazilarinda multi-disipliner bir yaklasimla is birligine dayali arastirmalar, problem odakli tarih vb. yapilmasi gerektigini savunmustur
The effect of different harvest stages on yield and quality of Triticale grown under rainfed conditions
Get PDFTriticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack) is recognized for its tolerance to abiotic stress and adaptation to suboptimal soils, demonstrating significant potential for fodder production in dry environments. The harvest stage is essential for preserving the nutritional content of triticale, ensuring higher fodder yields, and effective implementation of crop rotation. However, the optimum harvest stage is unknown for triticale in the Mu & scedil; province of T & uuml;rkiye under rainfed conditions. This two-year study investigated the impact of the harvest stage on hay yield and quality of the triticale genotype. The experiment consisted of two factors, i.e., 18 triticale genotypes and three harvest stages (i.e., flowering, milking, and dough). Data relating to dry matter yield and quality attributes, i.e., crude protein ratio, neutral and acid detergent fiber, digestible dry matter, and relative feed value, were collected. Results showed significant variations in yield and quality across harvest stages and genotypes. Delaying harvest increased dry matter yield from 7.11 t/ha (flowering) to 12.00 t/ha (dough) but reduced crude protein and digestibility. Genotypes such as 'Presto' and 'BC Goran' achieved the highest dry matter yields, while 'Esin' and 'Line 1' excelled in quality metrics like crude protein ratio and relative feed value (RFV). The milking stage emerged as the optimal balance between yield and quality, particularly for forage quality indicators like digestibility and protein content. It is concluded that harvesting at the milking stage is optimal for triticale in the Mu & scedil; province and similar continental climates, with 'Presto' and 'Esin' genotypes being the most suitable for producing high-quality hay. These findings address critical knowledge gaps in regional forage crop management and provide actionable insights for improving livestock feed sustainability in resource-limited environments
A Fuzzy Logic Approach for Corporate Performance Evaluation
No full text12th International Symposium on Intelligent Manufacturing and Service Systems, IMSS 2023 -- 26 May 2023 through 28 May 2023 -- -- 302369Today’s brutal competition environment has made it a necessity for businesses to evaluate their performance in order to maintain their existence and gain sustainable competitive advantage. The current environment does not allow businesses that do not perform performance evaluations a chance to survive. Therefore, corporate performance evaluation is a multi-criteria, complex and uncertain real-life problem that is vital for businesses. Corporate performance should be measured multi-dimensionally, but performance indicators of these dimensions may not always be expressed with a numerical value or may have uncertainty. In this case, the closest results are obtained by using fuzzy logic. Based on the current importance of the subject, a fuzzy model has been developed for the evaluation of corporate performance in this study. The outputs of the model are total enterprise performance, corporate reputation and financial output. Although the number of inputs used for each output varies, the inputs used in the model are the environment, customers, society, government, competitors, suppliers, business processes and sustainability. The application of the model is demonstrated with a case study using the fuzzy logic toolbox of the MATLAB program. Performance values for “Total Enterprise Performance”, “Corporate Reputation” and “Financial Output” were obtained as 16.9, 16.9 and 20.8, respectively. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd
Causal Mediation Analysis of Foodborne Salmonella Outbreaks in the United States: Serotypes and Food Vehicles
Get PDFVarious Salmonella serotypes have caused numerous foodborne outbreaks associated with food vehicles in different categories. This study provides evidence on the occurrence and inter-relations between Salmonella serotypes and the number of deaths mediated by the number of illnesses and hospitalizations. Confirmed foodborne outbreaks of Salmonella serotypes (n = 2868) that occurred between 1998 and 2021 were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Outbreak Reporting System. Causal mediation analysis was performed based on 500 bootstrap samples. The serotypes and the Interagency Food Safety Analytics Collaboration (IFSAC) food categories as confounding effects were considered as categorical variables. A total of 106 single Salmonella serotypes were associated with foodborne outbreaks. Foodborne outbreaks caused by Salmonella serotypes resulted in 81,996 illnesses, 11,018 hospitalizations, and 115 deaths between 1998 and 2021 in the United States. The serotypes Enteritidis (815 outbreaks, 28.42%), Typhimurium (359 outbreaks, 12.52%), and Newport (220 outbreaks, 7.67%) accounted for almost half of Salmonella-linked outbreaks. Poultry products, chickens, eggs, and turkey, were the leading IFSAC food categories, accounting for 14.02% of total outbreaks and 10.44% of total deaths. Certain serotypes had a significant effect on illness, hospitalization, and death counts. Two serotypes, Heidelberg and Saintpaul, and fruits as the food vehicle in IFSAC categories had a significant direct effect on the number of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths as outcomes of Salmonella outbreaks (p <= 0.05). There was strong evidence that illness and hospitalization counts played a key role in the pathway from serotype to death counts on foodborne outbreaks caused by Salmonella based on causal mediation analysis. The findings of this study can help outbreak investigations and lead to prevention and control measures by providing insightful information about the frequencies of Salmonella serotypes and the associated food vehicles causing foodborne diseases.Colorado State University Extension; University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture; Mus Alparslan UniversityThis study was supported by the Colorado State University Extension, the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, and Mus Alparslan University. No external funding was received for this research. The authors also thank Selim Buyrukoglu and Kristen Gibsonfor support and helpful discussions