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Kopernik i kopernika?czycy: Galileusz, Kepler, Bruno
No full textCopernicus claimed the Earth revolves around itself and the Sun. He also claimed that the universe was finite and that no intelligent life existed on other planets. Galileo and Kepler shared these claims; therefore, they deserve to be called Copernicans. But what about Giordano Bruno? He adopted Hermetic philosophy and opposed Copernicus’s mathematical (geometric) method; he also claimed, unlike Copernicus, that the universe was infinite and that there were intelligent life forms on other planets. So, can we define Bruno and those who thought like him as Copernicans? Ernan McMullin answers this question in the negative. In this paper, I will argue that the differences between Bruno and Copernicus mentioned by McMullin cannot be used as criteria for claiming that Bruno and others who thought like him were not Copernicans; instead, I argue that believing the Earth rotates around itself and the Sun should be considered sufficient to call someone a Copernican. © 2024, Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences,Commission on the History of Science. All rights reserved
Investigation of the relationship between the perceived social support and psychological resilience and death anxiety os the elderly
No full textSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sosyal Hizmet Ana Bilim DalıBebeklik, çocukluk, ergenlik ve yetişkinlik gibi insan gelişim dönemlerinden sadece biri olup çöküşlerin ve kayıpların yoğun olarak yaşandığı yaşamın son aşaması olarak tanımlanan yaşlılık döneminde bireylerin yaşamında ölüm, ölüm kaygısı, algılanan sosyal destek ve psikolojik dayanıklılık gibi unsurlar etkili olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın amacı, yaşlıların algıladıkları sosyal destek ve psikolojik dayanıklılıkları ile ölüm kaygısı arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konulması ve yaşlı bireylerin bu dönemde karşılaşmış olduğu problemlerin çözülmesinde etkili olan sosyal hizmet uygulamalarına değinmektir. Araştırmanın evrenini Muş ilinde yaşayan 60 yaş üzeri yaşlı bireyler oluştururken araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Muş ilinin Bulanık ilçesinde yaşayan araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü 60 yaş ve üzeri 302 yaşlı birey oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu olasılık dışı örnekleme yöntemlerinden kartopu örnekleme modeline göre oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmada sonucunda yaşlı bireylerde ölüm kaygısı ile çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ve psikolojik dayanıklılık arasındaki ilişki saptanmıştır. Buna göre yaşlı bireylerde ölüm anksiyetesi arttıkça çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ve psikolojik dayanıklılığın artabileceği saptanmıştır. Yaşlı bireylerin ölüm kaygısının azaltılmasında sosyal hizmet uygulamalarına gereksinim duyulmaktadır.Infancy is only one of the periods of human development such as childhood, adolescence and adulthood, and elements such as death, death anxiety, perceived social support and psychological endurance are effective in the life of individuals during old age, which is defined as the last stage of life in which collapses and losses are experienced. In this context, the aim of the research is to reveal the relationship between social support and psychological resilience perceived by the elderly and death anxiety, and to Decipher the social work practices that are effective in solving the problems faced by elderly individuals during this period. While the universe of the research was composed of elderly individuals over the age of 60 living in the province of Muş, the working group of the research was composed of 302 elderly individuals aged 60 and over who volunteered to participate in the research living in the Bulanık district of the province of Muş. The working group of the research was formed according to the snowball sampling model, one of the nonprobability sampling methods. As a result of the research, the relationship between death anxiety and multidimensional perceived social support and psychological endurance in elderly individuals has been determined Decently. Accordingly, it has been found that multidimensional perceived social support and psychological resilience may increase as death anxiety increases in elderly individuals. Social work practices are needed to reduce the death anxiety of elderly people
Assessment of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Mus Tulum cheese
No full textThe dominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population in traditional Mud Tulum cheese, which is produced from unpasteurized sheep's milk, was identified during the ripening period (on the 1st, st , 45th, th , and 90th th day) using biochemical, phenotypic, and genotypic techniques. Additionally, the isolated LAB strains were assessed for their technological characteristics. Enterococcus spp. . accounted for 76.92 % of the sequenced isolates, while Lactiplantibacillus spp., . , Lactococcus spp., . , and Pediococcus spp. . represented 15.38 %, 6.15 %, and 1.54 % respectively. All Lactococcus strains as well as E. faecium FFH2 and Lb. plantarum FFH59 strains showed high acidification capacity. E. faecalis (FFH46 and FFH14), L. lactis subsp. lactis FFH51 and E. faecium FFH16 strains showed high proteolytic activity (2.0593-2.2452 FFA mmol/L). Two Enterococcus strains (E. E. faecium FFH12 and E. faecium FFH77) with potential bacteriocin production and antimicrobial activity were identified. The results indicated that Enterococcus spp. . was the dominant flora throughout the ripening period of Mud Tulum cheese, followed by Lactiplantibacillus spp.Harran University Scientific Research Projects Authority (HUBAK) [23067]This study was funded by Harran University Scientific Research Projects Authority (HUBAK Project No.: 23067)
The relationship between satisfaction with life, dietary attitude, and comfort level in hemodialysis patients: Analysis with machine learning approach
No full textIntroductionHemodialysis (HD) patients have become a serious public health problem, the number of which is increasing every year worldwide. This study aimed to determine the relationship between satisfaction with life, dietary attitude, and comfort level in patients receiving HD treatment.MethodsThis research was conducted in a relational cross-sectional descriptive design. The research was conducted with 174 patients (85% of the population) receiving HD treatment between March 20 and September 30, 2023. In the study, hierarchical regression analysis was performed with SPSS 25.0. Machine learning analysis and prediction were performed using R programming language, version 4.1.3.ResultsThe model used to determine the factors affecting satisfaction with life was significant and usable (F(2,171) = 25.855, p = 0.001). Attitudes of HD patients toward dietary therapy and their HD comfort levels together explained 22.3% of the total variance of satisfaction with life. In the regression model, according to the results of the t-test regarding the significance of the regression coefficient, the increase in the HD comfort levels of the participants (t = 2.668, p = 0.008) and the increase in the attitude of the HD patients toward dietary therapy (t = 5.897, p = 0.001) caused a statistical increase in satisfaction with life. According to Shapley values, the most important variable in the prediction of satisfaction with life variable is attitude for the dietary attitude.ConclusionIt was determined that the increase in the comfort levels of HD patients and their positive dietary attitudes increased satisfaction with life. It is recommended to provide education to increase patients' diet attitudes and comfort levels
The first complete genome of the extinct European wild ass (Equus hemionus hydruntinus)
No full textWe present palaeogenomes of three morphologically unidentified Anatolian equids dating to the first millennium BCE, sequenced to a coverage of 0.6-6.4x. Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of the Anatolian individuals clustered with those of Equus hydruntinus (or Equus hemionus hydruntinus), the extinct European wild ass, secular name 'hydruntine'. Further, the Anatolian wild ass whole genome profiles fell outside the genomic diversity of other extant and past Asiatic wild ass (E. hemionus) lineages. These observations suggest that the three Anatolian wild asses represent hydruntines, making them the latest recorded survivors of this lineage, about a millennium later than the latest observations in the zooarchaeological record. Our mitogenomic and genomic analyses indicate that E. h. hydruntinus was a clade belonging to ancient and present-day E. hemionus lineages that radiated possibly between 0.6 and 0.8 Mya. We also find evidence consistent with recent gene flow between hydruntines and Middle Eastern wild asses. Analyses of genome-wide heterozygosity and runs of homozygosity suggest that the Anatolian wild ass population may have lost genetic diversity by the mid-first millennium BCE, a possible sign of its eventual demise.European Research Council [772390]; European Commission [952317]; Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arascedil;timath;rma Kurumu [117Z991]; European Research Council (ERC) [772390] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)European Research Council Consolidator Grant H2020, Grant/Award Number: 772390; European Commission Horizon 2020 TWINNING Programme, Grant/Award Number: 952317; Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara & scedil;t & imath;rma Kurumu, Grant/Award Number: 117Z99
İklim Krizi ve Göçe İlişkin Kavramsal Değerlendirme
No full textİklim krizi, Sanayi Devrimi ile zirveye ulaşan doğal ekosistemler üzerindeki antropojenik etkileri ifade etmek için kullanılan bir kavramdır. Aynı zamanda doğanın taşıma sınırının aşılması ve doğal dengenin bozulması ile meydana gelen ekolojik yaşamı olumsuz etkileyen iklim koşullarının oluştuğu bir durumu ifade etmektedir. İnsanlığın coğrafi keşifler ile yeni yerler, yeni deniz ulaşım güzergâhlarını keşfetmesi ile beraber gemi kullanımı artmış bu ihtiyacın karşılanmaya çalışılması orman ekosistemi üzerinde ciddi baskılara yol açmıştır. Aynı şekilde nüfusun artması ile birlikte artan gıda ihtiyacını karşılamak için ormanlık alanlar tarıma açılmış ve bu durum doğanın dengesini bozmaya başlamıştır. İnsanlığın ekolojik yaşama yönelik en olumsuz müdahalesi ise Sanayi Devrimi ile kendisini göstermiştir. Kömürün enerji kaynağı olarak kullanılmaya başlanması ile önceleri orman ekosistemi üzerinde oluşan baskı aynı şekilde deniz ekosistemi ve temiz hava üzerinde de olumsuz şekilde kendisini göstermiştir. 20.yüzyıldan itibaren doğal denge üzerinde oluşan baskılar insan yaşamına olumsuz etki edecek iklimsel değişimlere yol açmaktadır. Dünya genelinde kimi bölgeler uzun süreli kuraklıklar yaşarken kimi bölgeler sel felaketine maruz kalmaktadır. Bununla birlikte zararlı gaz kullanımının artmasının atmosferde bulunan gaz dengesini bozması ile küresel sıcaklık artışı gerçekleşmekte bu durum kutup bölgelerinde buzulların erimesi dolayısı ile su seviyesinin artmasına yol açmaktadır. Su seviyesinin artması ada devletlerini dolayısı ile burada yaşayan insan yaşamını doğrudan etkilemekte ve bu insanların bulundukları yeri süreli veya süresiz olarak terk etmelerine yol açmaktadır. Yine kuraklığın artması ile beraber -özellikle Sahraaltı Afrika’da- gıdaya erişim anlamında ciddi sıkıntılar ortaya çıkmakta gene bu durum kurak bölgelerde yaşayan insanların göç etmelerine yol açacaktır. Ekolojik göç olarak adlandırılan bu durum hem göç veren ülkeyi hem de göç alan ülkeyi ekonomik ve toplumsal güvenlik açısından olumsuz şekilde etkilemektedir. Suriye’yi etkileyen uzun süreli kuraklık ile birlikte, tarımsal faaliyet yapamayan kırsal kesimin kentsel bölgelere göç etmesi, göç ettiği yerde iş ve yaşam koşullarının sağlanmasını talep etmesine merkezi hükümetin yeterince cevap verememesi, bölgesel güvenlik sorununa yol açmıştır
Optical v-conformable normalized and recursional electroosmotic optimistic v-conformable energy
No full textIn this paper, we describe v-conformable normalization and v-conformable recursional of electromagnetic fields in conformable spherical space. Then, we obtain normalized and recursional v-conformable electroosmotic rho(tau), p(v), rho(beta) optimistic v-conformable energy. Finally, we have optical microfluidic v-conformable normalized and recursional electroosmotic rho(tau), p(v), rho(beta) optimistic v-conformable energy in conformable spherical space
Timed 360° Turn Test Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Cross-Sectional Reliability and Validity Study
No full textObjective: This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Timed 360 degrees Turn Test (360 degrees-TTT) in measuring dynamic balance in patients who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) surgery. Materials and Methods: Forty patients who underwent ACL-R surgery were included in this study. The reliability analysis involved evaluating the inter -rater and test -retest reliability of the test duration and number of steps of the 360 degrees-TTT by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). To assess the concurrent validity of the 360 degrees-TTT, correlations between the test duration and number of steps of the 360 degrees-TTT and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Time Up and Go (TUG) test were examined. Additionally, standard error of measurement(95 )(SEM95) and minimal detectable change(95) (MDC95) values were computed for the test duration and number of steps of the 360 degrees-TTT. Results: The inter -rater and test -retest reliability for both the test duration and the number of steps within the 360 degrees-TTT demonstrated excellence, with ICCs of 0.83, 0.91, 0.88, and 0.87, respectively. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the 360 degrees-TTT and both the BBS and the TUG (p<0.001). The inter -rater and test -retest reliability of the raters was visually confirmed using Bland -Altman plots, further affirming the consistency of outcomes. The SEM95 and MDC95 values for the test duration and number of steps of the 360 degrees-TTT were 0.09, 0.24, 0.18, and 0.49, respectively. Conclusion: The 360 degrees-TTT is a reliable and valid method for evaluating dynamic balance in patients undergoing ACL-R surgery
Forage yields and nutritive values of oat and triticale pastures for grazing sheep in early spring
No full textBackground. Small-grain winter cereals can be utilized as early spring pastures in temperate climates to relieve grazing pressure and potentially mitigate feed shortages. This study was conducted to determine the effects of triticale and oat cereal pastures grazed by sheep during early spring on forage yields, nutritive values, and nutritional requirements of sheep. Methods. The research was carried out over three consecutive years, from 2015 to 2017, at the Sheep Research Institute in Band & imath;rma-Bal & imath;kesir, located in the Marmara region of T & uuml;rkiye. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized block design, with the two forage species, triticale and oat, randomized within each of three blocks. The animal material for the study consisted of 24 Karacabey Merino sheep, each 2 years old, with an average live weight of 57.6 +/- 0.5 kg, all in the late lactation stage. In each replication, four sheep were included, resulting in a total of 12 sheep grazing in each of the triticale and oat pastures. The sheep grazed exclusively on the cereal pastures without any additional feed, and had unrestricted access to water throughout the entire period of the experiment. The dry matter yields (DMY), dry matter intakes (DMI), nutritive values, and mineral contents of the cereal species were determined. Results. The DMY showed significant differences over the years (P < 0.05). No differences in DMY were observed between pastures, with oats yielding 11.99 t ha(-1) and triticale yielding 11.08 t ha(-1). During the grazing period, the change in DMY was significant in all years (P < 0.05). The average DMI of the sheep was 2,003.5 g d(-1) for triticale and 2,156.6 g d(-1) for oat, respectively, and DMI exhibited no significant differences across pastures. Although there was no difference in DMI between 2015 and 2016, the lowest consumption occurred in 2017 (P < 0.05). Additionally, while DMI showed different trends each year based on the periods, it generally decreased by the end of the grazing period. While both pastures provided similar nutritive values, significant differences were observed in the crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), in vitro true DM digestibility (DDM), and metabolisable energy (ME) values across the years. Over the years, as the grazing period progressed, CP levels decreased while neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ADF, and acid detergent lignin (ADL) increased, resulting in reduced DDM and ME values. The phosphorus (P) content in triticale was higher than in oats, but there were no differences in the content of other minerals between them. Between the years, significant differences were observed in the levels of phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe), while changes in other elements were insignificant. The variation in mineral content during the grazing process differed over the three years. Study results indicated that the nutritional values of triticale and oat pastures are similar, and both can effectively be used to provide sufficient feed to meet the early spring forage requirements for sheep.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) [214 O 233]This research was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK), grant number: 214 O 233. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
Morphogenetic characterization of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri and its management
No full textBackground: Pakistan 's economy largely depends on citrus cultivation, and citrus fruits generate significant foreign exchange. Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc) is the primary cause of citrus canker (CC), which poses a significant threat to the industry. The management of disease is made more difficult by the lack of resistant variants against different Xcc races. Understanding and addressing Xcc are critical for maintaining the industry given the economic reliance on citrus. Methods: In order to isolate Xcc in a lab, a thorough survey was conducted in the districts of Bahawalpur, Multan, and Dera Ghazi Khan to collect samples showing canker symptoms. Gram-negative bacteria were identified in the isolates by biochemical analysis, and Koch 's postulates confirmed Xcc as the CC causing agent. DNA extraction and sequencing were used in the molecular characterization, which confirmed the phylogenetic relationship with Xcc. Using the disc sensitivity method, nine antibiotics were tested at 300, 500, and 700 ppm concentrations to evaluate CC management. Amoxicillin was found to be highly effective in inhibiting the growth of Xcc colonies. Results: The study provided morphogenetic insights and established Xcc as the causal agent of CC. All strains matched Xcc in molecular characterization, but antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed inconsistent efficacy. Amoxicillin proved to be very effective at stopping the growth of Xcc colonies at every tested dosage. Conclusion: This study makes an important contribution to our understanding of XCC and helps the citrus industry develop better disease control plans. Future interventions against citrus canker can benefit greatly from the understanding provided by morphogenetic characterization and antibiotic sensitivity profiles. The discovery of amoxicillin 's high efficacy highlights the drug 's potential for treating diseases linked to Xcc. These results help to protect citrus growing, maintaining the viability of an important industry in Pakistan 's agricultural landscape.King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [RSPD2024R708]The authors thank the Researchers Supporting Project for funding this work through Research Supporting Project number (RSPD2024R708) , King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia