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Sefaat Kavraminin Semantik Tahlili
No full textThe subject of intercession, which is one of the controversial topics of theology, has also entered the field of research of the science of tafsir due to the frequent use of this concept in the Qur?an. It can be said that the fact that many discussions have been and continue to be held on the meaning of the concept has led us to analyze this concept. This concept, on which there is no unanimity in terms of its nature, stands before us as a problem that maintains its actuality. The primary way to contribute to revealing the nature of the concept is to examine the world of meaning of this concept. The concept of intercession is an important concept that is mentioned in thirty-one verses of the Qur?an. The main purpose of researching this concept and the desired result is to determine the meanings of the concept of intercession in the pre-Islamic society and Islamic understanding and to put forward a concept analysis that will help how the understanding of intercession should be in the light of the Qur?an. By analyzing the semantics of this concept, it is to contribute to the clarification of this anachronistic issue that has been discussed for centuries. While analyzing the root of the concept, first of all, it was tried to determine the meanings of the concept in the poems of the ignorance period. Then, the meanings of the concept in classical dictionary books were examined. Finally, an effort has been made to create a synthesis through the interpretations of the commentators on the concept.Kelâm ilminin tartismali konularindan birisi olan sefaat konusu Kur’ân-i Kerim’in bu kavrami sikça kullanmasi sebebiyle tefsir ilminin de arastirma alanina girmistir. Kavramin anlam dünyasi üzerinde birçok tartismanin yapildigi ve yapilmaya devam ettigi gerçegi bizi, bu kavramin analiz edilmesine sevk ettigi söylenebilir. Mahiyet açisindan üzerinde ittifakin saglanamadigi bu kavram, güncelligini koruyan bir problem olarak karsimizda durmaktadir. Kavramin mahiyetini ortaya koymaya katki saglamanin öncelikli yolunun ise bu kavramin mana dünyasinin irdelenmesidir. Sefaat kavrami, Kur’ân-i Kerîm’in otuz bir âyette konu edindigi önemli bir kavramdir. Bu kavramin arastirilmasindaki temel amacin ve bununla ulasilmak istenen sonucun Islâm öncesi toplumda ve Islâm anlayisinda sefaat kavraminin hangi anlamlarda kullanildigini tespit ederek Kur’ân isiginda sefaat anlayisinin nasil olmasi gerektigine yardimci olacak bir kavram tahlili ortaya koymaktir. Bu kavramin semantik incelemesinin yapilmasiyla asirlardir tartisilan bu kadim meselenin biraz daha netlige kavusmasina katkida bulunmaktir. Kavramin kök analizi yapilirken öncelikle câhiliye dönemi siirlerinde hangi anlamlarda ele alindigi saptanmaya çalisilmistir. Daha sonra klasik lügat kitaplarinda kavramin manalari irdelenmistir. Son olarak müfessirlerin kavrama yönelik yorumlari üzerinden bir sentez olusturulmaya gayret edilmistir
The Role of Cheap Chemicals Containing Oxygen Used as Diesel Fuel Additives in Reducing Carbon Footprints
No full textThis study investigates the improvement of combustion performance, engine emissions, energy, exergy, and thermodynamic efficiencies by adding oxygenated additives to diesel/biodiesel blends. Five different fuel mixtures (D100, D80B20, D50B50, D30B50S20, and D30B50G20) were tested in a diesel engine. The positive effects of the additives on engine efficiency became evident. In terms of combustion performance, the maximum in-cylinder pressure was observed with D100; however, a decrease of 11.51% was noted with the D50B50 mixture, while an increase of 7.51% was achieved with the addition of butyl diglycol. The addition of butyl diglycol also increased the heat release rate by 34.36%. Regarding exhaust emissions, the D30B50G20 fuel produced the lowest CO emissions (0.02%), while HC emissions decreased by 80% compared to D100. Smoke opacity was also found to be lower with D30B50G20. However, these additives led to a 2.65% decrease in certain performance metrics. On the other hand, the sustainability analysis revealed that the most efficient fuel mixture was D30B50G20
Investigation of the effects of music on emotions, athletic mental energy, and cognitive flexibility in elite athletes
No full textBu araştırmanın amacı elit sporcularda müziğin sporda duygu, atletik zihinsel enerji ve bilişsel esneklik üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma grubunu A milli takımda aktif olarak sporculuk hayatlarına devam eden 67'si Güreş, 45'i Taekwondo, 57'si Karate ve 37'si Boks olmak üzere toplamda 206 sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Sporculara araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanmış olan bireysel bilgi formu, "Sportif Uygulamalarda Müziğin Etkisi Ölçeği'', "Spor Duygu Ölçeği", "Atletik Zihinsel Enerji Ölçeği" ve "Sporcu Bilişsel Esneklik Ölçeği" yöneltilmiştir. Normallik varsayımı için çarpıklık basıklık değerlerine bakıldığında değerlerin -1,5 +1,5 arasında olması neticesinde verilerin normal dağılıma uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bağımlı değişkenlerin bağımsız değişkenlere göre farklılık olup olmadığını bulmak amacıyla MANOVA testi ve araştırma modeline paralel olarak YOL analizi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak müziğin etkisi, sporda duygu, atletik zihinsel enerji ve bilişsel esneklik ölçek alt boyutlarının demografik değişkenlere göre farklılık gösterdiği, müziğin sporda duyguyu (coşku=%5; mutluluk=%4), atletik zihinsel enerjiyi (%36) ve alternatifler alt boyutunu (%27) anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma, müziğin sporcuların duygusal durumları, bilişsel esneklikleri ve zihinsel enerjileri üzerinde güçlü bir düzenleyici etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Müzik dinlemenin, sporcuların olumlu duygularını (coşku, mutluluk) artırdığı, olumsuz duygularını (kaygı, öfke) ise azalttığını, kriz anlarında alternatif yollar bulma noktasında daha etkili olabilecekleri ve zihinsel enerji düzeyini etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.The aim of this research is to examine the effects of music on emotions, athletic mental energy, and cognitive flexibility in sports. The research group consists of a total of 206 athletes, including 67 wrestlers, 45 taekwondo practitioners, 57 karate fighters, and 37 boxers, all of whom are actively pursuing their sports careers in the national team. Athletes were administered an individual information form prepared by the researcher, along with the "Scale of the Effect of Music on Sports Applications," "Sports Emotion Scale," "Athletic Mental Energy Scale," and "Athlete Cognitive Flexibility Scale." When examining the skewness and kurtosis values for the assumption of normality, it was determined that the data were normally distributed, as the values fell between -1.5 and +1.5. To identify whether there were differences in dependent variables based on independent variables, MANOVA tests and path analysis in line with the research model were used. As a result, it was found that the impact of music showed differences according to demographic variables in the subdimensions of emotions in sports, athletic mental energy, and cognitive flexibility, where music significantly predicted emotions in sports (excitement = 5%; happiness = 4%), athletic mental energy (36%), and the alternatives subdimension (27%). The research demonstrated that music has a strong regulatory effect on athletes' emotional states, cognitive flexibility, and mental energy levels. It was concluded that listening to music enhances athletes' positive emotions (excitement, happiness), reduces negative emotions (anxiety, anger), and may help them be more effective in finding alternative solutions during crisis moments while also affecting their mental energy levels
Biocontrol effect of Fomes fomentarius mushroom against Varroa destructor
No full textVarroa destructor is the most important pest of western honeybees. In recent decades, numerous methods have been developed to control this mite. The most common and effective method is the use of chemicals. However, they pose different threats to bees and their products. Therefore, non-chemical methods should also be developed. This study investigated the efficacy of different formulations of the fungus Fomes fomentarius in controlling the Varroa mite. The results showed that the efficacy of smoke, dribble, and gel treatments was 63.80%, 69.17%, and 72.13%, respectively. These treatment methods had no negative effects on the number of sealed brood areas and bee-covered frames (P > 0.001). Burning the fungus with the beekeeper’s smoker led to a rapid death of mites on adult bees. The gel treatment had an extended-release effect. This mushroom and its formulations are recommended for mite control. The efficacy of various mushrooms against Nosema ceranae and deformed wing virus has been investigated by other researchers. However, as there is no source in the literature for the use of fungi to control the Varroa mite, we believe this study is the first. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Cultural projection in Feridun Oral's illustrations: A semiotic analysis
Full text linkGöstergebilim, gösteren ve gösterilen arasındaki bağı ele alarak, çeşitli sanat dallarında kullanılan anlam sistemlerini açıklayan bir yöntemdir. Bu yaklaşım sayesinde metinlerin ve nesnelerin gizli anlamları ortaya çıkarılabilir. Modern çağda görsel göstergelerin kültür taşıma işlevini kullananlar arasında çocuk edebiyatı yazar ve çizerleri de yer alır. Çocuk edebiyatındaki kültürel göstergelerin analizi, anlamlandırma süreçlerini biçimlendirerek kültürel değişimleri izleme olanağı sağlar. Bu çalışmada cevaplanması hedeflenen temel araştırma soruları şunlardır: 1. Göstergebilim yöntemi, çocuk edebiyatı kitaplarındaki görsel metinlerin anlamlandırılmasına nasıl katkı sağlar?, 2. Çocuk edebiyatı eserlerinde özellikle Türk kültürüne ait hangi kültürel göstergeler ön plana çıkmaktadır?, 3. Modernleşme sürecinde kültürel öğelerin korunması, aktarılması çocuk edebiyatı bağlamında nasıl gerçekleşmektedir?. Bu bağlamda Feridun Oral'ın yazdığı ve resimlediği yirmi üç adet öykü kitabı örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. Seçilen öykü kitaplarının kapak tasarımları, temel ve örtük anlam ilişkileri bağlamında detaylı bir şekilde değerlendirilmiş, metinlerdeki kültürel kodlar çözümlenmiş ve görsel göstergeler ışığında yorumlanmıştır. Kültürel kodların ilk muhatabı konumunda olan çocuklar için hazırlanan kitaplarda karşılaşılan göstergeleri yorumlamak, kültürün dinamizmini takip edebilme fırsatını verir. Araştırma sonuçları, çocuk edebiyatı kitaplarındaki görsellerin kültürel aktarım sürecinde belirleyici bir rol oynadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, kültürel göstergelerin modern yaşama uyum sağlama süreçleri ile dönüşüm mekanizmaları da araştırmanın bulguları doğrultusunda kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirilmiştir.Semiology is a method that explains the meaning systems used in various branches of art by addressing the connection between the signifier and the signified. Thanks to this approach, the hidden meanings of texts and objects can be revealed. Among those who use the cultural conveying function of visual signs in the modern age are children's literature writers and illustrators. The analysis of cultural signs in children's literature provides the opportunity to monitor cultural changes by shaping the meaning-making processes. The basic research questions aimed to be answered in this study are as follows: 1. How does the semiotic method contribute to the meaning of visual texts in children's literature books?, 2. Which cultural signs, especially those belonging to Turkish culture, come to the fore in children's literature works?, 3. How do the preservation and transfer of cultural elements take place in the context of children's literature in the modernization process?. In this context, twenty-three story books written and illustrated by Feridun Oral were selected as a sample. The cover designs of the selected story books were evaluated in detail in the context of basic and implicit meaning relationships, the cultural codes in the texts were analyzed and interpreted in the light of visual signs. Interpreting the indicators encountered in books prepared for children, who are the first addressees of cultural codes, provides the opportunity to follow the dynamism of culture. The research results reveal that the visuals in children's literature books play a decisive role in the cultural transmission process. In addition, the adaptation processes of cultural indicators to modern life and the transformation mechanisms were evaluated comprehensively in line with the findings of the research
Utilization of Activated Biochar from Isatis tinctoria L. for the Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue and Pb2+ from Aqueous Solutions
No full textThis study evaluates the biochar (BC) synthesized from the branches of the plant Isatis tinctoria L. (ITL), along with active biochars (BCNa1, BCNa2), as renewable adsorbents for the adsorption of organic and inorganic pollutants, focusing particularly on methylene blue (MB) and lead ions (Pb2+). The modification of biochar with NaOH resulted in enhanced surface basicity due to an increased presence of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface. The adsorbents were characterized by FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM-EDX, BET, CHNS and zero charge point (pHpzc). The parameters studied were: effect of impregnation ratio, initial metal concentration, pH of the solution, adsorbent dosage, temperature, contact time, and multicomponent system. The activated biochar exhibited a Langmuir qmax value of 243 mg g-1 for methylene blue and 75 mg g-1 for Pb2+, with the Freundlich model being the most appropriate for methylene blue and the Langmuir model for Pb2+. The pseudo-second-order and Elovich models indicated a good fit, suggesting that chemical adsorption occurs for all components. The primary mechanisms of adsorption for MB and heavy metals on active biochar were identified as chemical adsorption. The remarkable adsorption capacities and high reusability properties for both organic pollutants and inorganic heavy metals position this active biochar as a potential cost-effective adsorbent for alleviating water pollution issues.Mus Alparslan University Scientific Research Coordination Unit[BAP-24-FEF-4901-02]This study was supported by Mus Alparslan University Scientific Research Coordination Unit. Projects Number: BAP-24-FEF-4901-02
Transdimensional joint inversion of surface wave, refraction, and resistivity data using Modified Barnacles Mating Optimizer for near-surface investigations
No full textThis study presents a joint inversion of active Rayleigh wave dispersion curves, refraction travel times, and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data sets using a recently modified global optimizer, yielding reliable parameter estimates. The Modified Barnacles Mating Optimizer (MBMO) was built on strengthening the BMO algorithm by integrating several enhancements. Before the inversion studies, modal analyses regarding the objective function defined and sensitivity studies of model parameters were performed using a synthetic near-surface model. These analyses indicate that the inverse problem is highly complex and prone to erroneous solutions with significant uncertainties. Additionally, the model parameters exhibit varying sensitivity levels. Therefore, this problem can be solved with an algorithm that obtains a good trade-off between global exploration and local exploitation. The efficiency of MBMO was tested on synthetic anomalies and on four real-world data sets from T & uuml;rkiye. Additionally, the performances of MBMO were unbiasedly compared with the BMO and the standard Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. A multiple model space strategy (MMSS) was innovatively constructed to achieve the transdimensional inversion without significantly increasing the difficulty of navigating the model space. We discarded the traditional approach of inverting partial derivatives model parameters. The solutions obtained from the real-world data cases were interpreted with the findings of previous geophysical and geological data. Post-inversion uncertainty analyses were performed accordingly to evaluate the reliability of the solutions. The findings show that MBMO outperforms BMO and PSO in solving the given problem. In addition, joint inversion of seismic and resistivity data sets can recover subsurface information with greater reliability due to the incorporated complementary information. The effectiveness of MBMO is not significantly affected by the form of the defined objective function.National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [42074164]This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No. 42074164)
Bibliometric Analysis of Postgraduate Theses on Foot Diseases in Cattle in Turkey
Full text linkThe aim of this study is to evaluate postgraduate theses on foot diseases observed in the cattle population in Türkiye within a holistic framework using the bibliographic analysis method, and to contribute to the academic studies that will follow. As the material and method used in the research, a search was made by typing the keyword “foot diseases” in the box where search term was made in the postgraduate theses section of the official website of the National Thesis Center of the Higher Education Institution. As a result of the search, it was determined that 16 of the n=25 theses, which were conducted between 1990 and 2024, were related to foot diseases in cattle, theses were related to foot diseases in sheep and goats, and one thesis, which was conducted in 1989, was related to medicine. In this research, the full text of 15 (93.75%) of the theses on the subject was reached, while one (6.25%) could not be reached. Twelve (75%) of the theses were found to be master's theses, and 4 (25%) were found to be doctoral theses. It was thought that very few of the postgraduate theses on the investigation of foot diseases in cattle were published as articles, and the studies conducted remained mainly at the master's level and did not contribute much to the doctoral overlap, and the impact of the literature as a publication should be increased
Anatolian Economy before the Ottoman Empire: A Comprehensive Analysis
Full text linkBu çalisma, Osmanli Imparatorlugu'nun yükselisinden önce Anadolu'nun karmasik ekonomik manzarasini inceliyor ve Bizans, Selçuklu ve çesitli Anadolu beyliklerinin egemen oldugu döneme odaklaniyor. Anadolu'nun ekonomisi, Dogu ile Bati'yi birbirine baglayan önemli ticaret yollari üzerindeki stratejik konumuyla sekillenmis ve ipek, baharat, tekstil ve metallerde canli bir ticareti tesvik etmistir. Tarimsal üretim, gelismis sulama ve arazi yönetim sistemleriyle desteklenen verimli bölgelerde gelismistir. Konya ve Kayseri gibi kent merkezleri ticari ve kültürel merkezler olarak hizmet ederken kirsal ekonomiler yerel pazar ve geçimlik topluluklari ayakta tutmustur. Mogol akinlari ve degisen siyasi güçler hem kesintilere hem de yeni ekonomik dinamiklere yol açmistir. Bu çalisma, tarihi kayitlar, ticaret verileri ve arkeolojik bulgularin analizi yoluyla bölgenin ekonomik direnci ve karmasikligini vurgulayarak Osmanli yönetimi altinda gerçeklesecek dönüsümler için sahneyi hazirlamaktadir.This study examines the complex economic landscape of Anatolia prior to the rise of the Ottoman Empire, focusing on the period dominated by the Byzantine Empire, the Seljuks, and various Anatolian beyliks. Anatolia’s economy was shaped by its strategic position along major trade routes connecting East and West, fostering vibrant commerce in silk, spices, textiles, and metals. Agricultural production thrived in fertile regions, supported by sophisticated irrigation and land management systems. Urban centers such as Konya and Kayseri served as commercial and cultural hubs, while rural economies sustained local markets and subsistence communities. The Mongol incursions and shifting political powers introduced both disruptions and new economic dynamics. Through analysis of historical records, trade data, and archaeological findings, this study highlights the region’s economic resilience and complexity, setting the stage for the transformations that would follow under Ottoman rule
The relationship between artificial intelligence anxiety and unemployment anxiety among university students
No full textBackground: The idea that people will lose their jobs because of robots with artificial intelligence is one of the biggest recent concerns about artificial intelligence technology. There are predictions that unemployment will increase with the introduction of robots into the business sector, and due to artificial intelligence, automation in the production sector will make work completed by robots more practical than the efforts accomplished by humans. Objective: This study aimed to assess the correlation between artificial intelligence anxiety and the level of unemployment anxiety among university students. Methods: As a cross-sectional and descriptive study, the population comprised of 10,682 university students actively enrolled at a university. While the minimum sample size was calculated as 371 students, the research included 476 students as participants. The study used the 'Personal Information Form', 'Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale', and 'Unemployment Anxiety Scale' as data collection tools. Results: The demographic information of the participants follows: 50.4% were male, 33.8% were freshmen, and 96.2% were single. The total score averages for the Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale and Unemployment Anxiety Scale are 56.00 +/- 15.51 and 53.52 +/- 11.55, respectively. A statistically significant difference between the participants' score averages on the Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale and the Unemployment Anxiety Scale was identified for gender, major/college, trust in technology, and use of artificial intelligence (p < 0.05). There was a moderately positive relationship between artificial intelligence anxiety and unemployment anxiety level total score averages (p < 0.01). Conclusions: There were high scores among participants for artificial intelligence anxiety and unemployment anxiety