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Examination of the challenges and legal needs of physically disabled nati̇onal paralympic athletes
Full text linkBu çalışmanın amacı bedensel engelli milli paralimpik sporcuların karşılaştıkları zorluklar ve hukuki ihtiyaçlarının incelenmesidir. Çalışmada derinlemesine bilgi toplamak amacıyla nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomonoloji deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini 2020 Tokyo Paralimpik Oyunlarına katılan 57 bedensel engelli sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Örneklemi ise, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 40 bedensel engelli sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, araştırmacı tarafından uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda oluşturulan 10 ana görüşme sorusu ve 7 sondaj sorusundan oluşan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla, Zoom platformu üzerinden toplanmıştır. Araştırma verileri MAXQDA 24 programı aracılığı ile içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda 8 ana tema ve 11 alt temaya bağlı 168 kod oluşturulmuştur. Katılımcıların, milli olmadan önce ve milli olduktan sonra ulaşım, malzeme yetersizliği ve ekonomik destek gibi konularda sorunlar yaşadığı saptanmıştır. Spor tesislerinde engelli dostu düzenlemelerin yapılması, psikolojik desteğin tüm federasyonlar tarafından her zaman sağlanması gerekliliği bulgulanmıştır. Antrenörlerin ve diğer ekibin istisnalar olmasıyla birlikte büyük ölçüde yeterli olduğunu saptanmıştır. Yetenekli engelli sporcuların yetiştirilmesi için yetenek taramaları gibi faaliyetlerin yapılması gerektiği saptanmıştır. Sporcuların sponsor ve menajer bulmakta zorlandıkları saptanmıştır. Sporcu sözleşmelerinden dolayı büyük çoğunluğun sorun yaşamadığı fakat bazı sporcuların sorun yaşadıkları bulgulanmıştır. Emeklilik hakları kapsamında sporu bıraktıktan sonra tazminat ödenmesi ve şeref aylığının yetersizliğinden dolayı artırılması gerektiği saptanmıştır. Hukuki haklar kapsamında derece alamayan milli sporculara da maaş bağlanması, tüm sporculara sigorta yapılması, engelli sporcuların öğretmen olarak atanma haklarının genişletilmesi, resmi yazı ve prosedürlerin kolaylaştırılması gerektiği bulgulanmıştır. Ödül yönetmeliği kapsamında ödüllerin artırılması ve zamanında verilmesi, sekiz ülke kuralında düzenleme yapılması gerektiği saptanmıştır. Sosyal haklar kapsamında tekerlekli sandalye ve protezlerde daha fazla destek verilmesi, engelli otoparklarına ulaşımın kolaylaştırılması, araç alımı için Özel Tüketim Vergisi ve medikal malzemelerde indirimlerin yapılması gerektiği saptanmıştır. Engelli sporcular için iş istihdamının artırılması, temel ihtiyaçlara ilişkin tüm faturalarda (elektrik, doğalgaz vb.) indirim yapılması, daha fazla ekonomik destek sağlanması gerekmektedir. Son görüşler kapsamında sporu bıraktıktan sonra antrenörlük yolunun açılması gerektiği, spor yapmanın özgüven sağladığı, daha fazla paralimpik sporcunun yetiştirilmesi gerektiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak sporcuların milli olmadan önce ve milli olduktan sonra fiziksel altyapı, sosyal, ekonomik ve hukuki açıdan birtakım zorluklar ile karşılaştıkları belirlenmiştir. Paralimpik milli sporcuların istekleri doğrultusunda düzenlemelerin yapılmasının milli organizasyonlarda sporcuların motivasyon ve performanslarını artıracağı düşünülmektedir.The aim of this study is to examine the challenges encountered and the legal needs experienced by nationally recognized Paralympic athletes with physical disabilities. In order to collect in-depth information, the phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods, was employed in this study. The population of the study consists of 57 athletes with physical disabilities who participated in the 2020 Tokyo Paralympic Games. The sample consists of 40 athletes with physical disabilities selected through purposive sampling. The data were collected via the Zoom platform using a semi-structured interview form consisting of 10 main interview questions and 7 probing questions, which were developed by the researcher based on expert opinions. The research data were analyzed through content analysis using the MAXQDA 24 software program. As a result of the analysis, 168 codes were generated under 8 main themes and 11 sub-themes. It was determined that the participants experienced challenges related to transportation, insufficient equipment, and financial support both before and after becoming national athletes. The findings revealed the necessity of implementing disability-friendly arrangements in sports facilities and ensuring the continuous provision of psychological support by all sports federations. It was determined that, with some exceptions, coaches and other support staff were largely adequate. It was determined that activities such as talent identification screenings are necessary for the development of skilled athletes with disabilities. It was found that athletes face difficulties in securing sponsors and managers. While the majority reported no issues related to athlete contracts, some participants indicated that they had encountered problems in this regard. It was determined that, within the scope of retirement rights, compensation should be provided after athletes retire from sports and that the honorary pension is insufficient and therefore needs to be increased. Within the scope of legal rights, it was found that salary payments should also be extended to national athletes who do not achieve rankings, all athletes should be provided with insurance, the right of athletes with disabilities to be appointed as teachers should be expanded, and official documentation and procedures should be simplified. Within the scope of the award regulations, it was determined that the amount of awards should be increased and delivered in a timely manner, and that revisions to the eight-country rule are necessary. Within the scope of social rights, it was determined that greater support should be provided for wheelchairs and prosthetic devices, access to disabled parking should be facilitated, and reductions should be applied to Special Consumption Tax for vehicle purchases as well as to the cost of medical supplies. It is necessary to increase employment opportunities for athletes with disabilities, apply discounts to all utility bills (such as electricity and natural gas), and provide greater financial support. In the context of final opinions, it was determined that a pathway to coaching should be made available after retirement from active sports, that participation in sports enhances self-confidence, and that there is a need to train a greater number of Paralympic athletes. As a result, it was identified that athletes face various challenges related to physical infrastructure, social conditions, economic support, and legal rights both before and after becoming national athletes. It is believed that implementing regulations in line with the demands of Paralympic national athletes will enhance their motivation and performance in national competitions
Preparation, Spectral Characterization and Antioxidant Activities of Aminothiophene-Containing Schiff Base and Co(II) and Pd(II) Complexes
Full text linkThis research focused on synthesizing a Schiff base (L) and its Co(II) and Pd(II) complexes under appropriate conditions to contribute to enhancing antioxidant activity. The ligand was synthesized by reacting methyl 2-amino-4-ethyl-5-methylthiophene-3-carboxylate with 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Various analytical techniques were employed to characterize the ligand and its resulting complexes, including microanalysis, H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy, FTIR, electronic spectra, mass spectrometry, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance, and thermo-gravimetric analysis. Electronic spectra and magnetic moment values were used to confirm the geometric structures of the synthesized compounds. Thermo-gravimetric analyses (TGA-DTA) were conducted to evaluate the thermal stability of the complexes. The Pd(II) complex was found to have a square planar structure, while a tetrahedral structure was suggested for the Co(II) complex. The results from the elemental analysis were consistent with both the ligand and metal complexes, showing good agreement between calculated and experimental values. The in vitro antioxidant activities of the newly synthesized compounds were examined using different antioxidant methods. Experiment results exhibited that the Pd(II) complex had better activities than the Schiff base and Co(II) complex. According to ABTS experimental results, Pd(II) complex (IC50:1.25) showed similar activity to the standards. In contrast, CUPRAC results revealed that Pd(II) complex (7.55 mu g TE/mL) showed better activity than the standards. The results indicate that Pd(II) complex has strong potential as effective antioxidants, making them valuable for food and medicine applications.Hitit University's Scientific Research Projects Coordination [FEF19001.21.006]The project, identified by the code FEF19001.21.006, received financial backing from Hitit University's Scientific Research Projects Coordination. We, the project participants, thanks Hitit University for their assistance
Natural Disaster Literacy Training for Preschool Teachers
Full text linkTurkey is in a region where natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes, floods, and landslides) occur frequently due to its geographical location. These disasters cause significant loss of life and property and deeply affect the socioeconomic structure of society. To cope with the destructive effects of disasters and enhance society's resilience against them, disaster education and disaster literacy should be emphasized. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of natural disaster literacy training on preschool teachers' natural disaster literacy levels. The study was conducted with fifty preschool teachers using a quasi-experimental design. Five different tests were used as data collection tools. 50 teachers were selected using the criterion samples method. Teachers participated in a 42-hour natural disaster literacy training program, lasting six hours a day for seven days. A pre-test and a post-test were administered before and after the training. The data were analyzed using the SPSS-25 program. Based on the findings, natural disaster literacy training significantly increased teachers' natural disaster literacy levels, preparedness beliefs, disaster awareness perceptions, and disaster literacy knowledge levels. These results show that natural disaster literacy training is effective in making preschool teachers more prepared and conscious against disasters.Ministry of National Education of the Republic of TurkeyThis research was supported by the Ministry of National Education of the Republic of Turkey and conducted with the valuable contributions of preschool teachers working in the cities of Van, Mud, Bitlis, and Hakkari. We sincerely thank all the teachers who participated voluntarily in the training program and contributed to this study with their valuable time and feedback
Kur’ân’da Tevhid Akidesinin Sembolü Olarak İbrahim (as)
Full text linkTevhid akidesi Kur’ân’ın ana karakteridir. Kur’ân’ın tamamı göz önünde bulundurulduğunda Tevhid akidesinden asla taviz verilmediği açıkça görülmektedir. Onun zıddı olan şirk inancı ve düşüncesi pek çok ayette ele alınmaktadır. Bir taraftan şirkin basitliği, bayağılığı ve Allah katında ne kadar büyük bir suç olduğu konuları eleştirilirken, diğer taraftan da bu inanç sisteminin peşinden gidenlerin işledikleri suçun büyüklüğü ve ahirette karşılaşacakları ceza söz konusu edilerek şirk inancı içinde olanlar uyarılmaktadır. Kur’an’da Hz. İbrahim’in tevhid akidesini insanlara benimsetme noktasında örnek gösterilmesi, oldukça etkili ve büyük önem taşımaktadır. Kur’ân’da tevhid akidesine gönülden inanmış insanlar arasında son derece üstün bir konumda gösterilen Hz. İbrahim (as), aynı zamanda Arap müşrikler ile Kur’ân’ın indirildiği dönemde civarda yaşayan ve Kur’ân tarafından Ehl-i Kitap olarak tanımlanan kadim vahiy takipçileri için de başlı başına bir örnek şahsiyet olarak takdim edilmiştir. Arap müşrikler açısından Hz. İbrahim’in örneklik teşkil etmesi, onların İbrahim’in inancı olan Hanîfliği sürdürdükleri ve ona bağlı olduklarını ileri sürmeleriyle ilişkilidir. Onların sürdürdüklerini sandıkları inanç, aslında ata kültüne bağlılıklarından başka bir anlam ifade etmemekteydi. Oysa Kur’ân, müşriklerin ataları olan İbrahim’i ve onun tevhid inancını gerçek anlamda tanımaları gerektiğini ortaya koyarak, onların içine düştükleri yanılgıyı belirtmek için kıyaslama yoluna gitmiştir. Ehl-i kitap nezdinde önem kazanan yönü de Hz. İbrahim’in, onların zihinlerinde kurguladıkları gibi kendi muharref dinlerine göre ve yanlış saplantılarıyla ve tahayyül ettikleri şekliyle bundan tamamen farklı biri olduğudur
Karar Tabanlı Öğrenme Modelinin Öğretmen Adaylarının Karar Verme Becerilerine Etkisi: Karakter ve Değer Eğitimi
Full text linkBu araştırmada, öğretmen adaylarının karar verme becerilerinin geliştirilmesi ve değerler eğitimini, ilkokulda yer alan farklı disiplinlerin içerikleriyle ilişkilendirerek nasıl uygulayabileceklerine dair bilgi ve beceri sahibi olmaları amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada, karma desen melez yaklaşımlarından, karma yöntemler deneysel çalışması yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel bölümünde tek gruplu ön test-son test deneysel desenden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi, olasılıklı olmayan örnekleme türlerinden uygun örnekleme ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın nicel bölümünü, çalışmaya her hafta katılımda devamlılık gösteren, gönüllü 27 öğretmen adayı; nitel bölümünü ise gruplara ayrılmış (7 grup) bu öğretmen adaylarından her gruptan rastgele olacak şekilde seçilen birer kişi, toplamda 7 kişi oluşturmuştur. Araştırma kapsamında; öğretmen adayları tarafından hazırlanan ders planları (Türkçe, matamatik, hayat bilgisi, fen bilimleri ve sosyal bilgiler dersleri) ve öğretmen adaylarıyla yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilen nitel veriler, araştırmanın deneysel desenini desteklemek amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, “Melbourne Karar Verme Ölçeği’nden” veri toplama aracı olarak yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bir başka veri toplama aracı, öğretmen adaylarının kendilerinin hazırladıkları ders planlarıdır. Araştırma kapsamında, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerden de yararlanılmıştır. Karma yöntemle tasarlanan araştırmanın nicel kısmına ilişkin verilerinin analizinde bağımlı gruplar t-testi; nitel kısmına ilişkin verilerinin analizinde ise içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularından elde edilen sonuca göre; Karar Tabanlı Öğrenme Modeli’yle tasarlanmış ders planı hazırlama sürecinin, öğretmen adaylarının karar verme aşamalarındaki öz saygılarını anlamlı düzeyde geliştirdiği; ancak karar verme stillerini değiştirmediği ayrıca öğretmen adaylarının görüşleri doğrultusunda, öğretmen adaylarının değerler eğitimine ilişkin ders planı hazırlama becerilerinin ve öğretme motivasyonlarının arttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır
Investigation of commonly used assessment methods for predicting fall risk in the elderly
Full text linkAim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of four different commonly used assessment methods Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES), and Morse Fall Scale (MFS) in predicting fall risk in elderly. Method: The study included 195 participants (97 female, mean age: 69.82 +/- 7.45 years) aged 60 and above. The BBS, TUG, MFES, and MFS were used to asses fall risk. Logistic regression analysis was conduct. Results: The addition of independent variables significantly reduced the -2 Log Likelihood value (from 222.015 to 49.196), and the Nagelkerke R2 value was 0.865. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test (p = .738) and ROC analysis (AUC 0.958-0.972) confirmed the model's strong fit and high discriminative power. The MFS (B = 0.120, p = .001, Exp(B) = 1.128) and the TUG(B = 0.542, p = .004, Exp(B) = 1.720) were significantly associated with fall risk. In contrast, the MFES and BBS did not show statistically significant effects. Conclusions: The MFS and TUG are particularly effective in identifying fall risk in elderly individuals. However, using these tests alone may have limited predictive power, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for fall risk assessment
Artificial intelligence techniques for thermomechanical property optimization of metal-PLA composites additive manufactured parts
No full textThe control of thermomechanical behavior in additive manufacturing (AM) has become increasingly important, especially in industries requiring high dimensional stability. Among various AM methods, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is widely used for fabricating polymer-based composites due to its cost-effectiveness and versatility. However, optimizing thermal properties such as the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in metal and fiber-reinforced composites remains a challenge. This study addresses the research question: How do different FDM process parameters affect the CTE of metal- and fiber-reinforced PLA composites, and how can artificial intelligence techniques be used to optimize these properties? To investigate this, three types of reinforced PLA composites-copper (Cu), bronze (Br), and carbon fiber (Cf)-were fabricated using FDM. A Taguchi L27 orthogonal array was employed to evaluate the effects of infill density (30-60-90 %), layer thickness (100-200-300 mu m), printing speed (40-80-120 mm/s), and raster angle (0 degrees-45 degrees-90 degrees). The CTE values were experimentally measured using thermomechanical analysis. Artificial neural network (ANN) and regression models were developed to predict CTE behavior, with the ANN further optimized using a genetic algorithm (GA). The results demonstrated that layer thickness had the most significant impact on CTE, followed by infill density and material type. The lowest CTE value (42.38 mu m/m-degrees C) was achieved using Cf/PLA composites under optimal conditions. The ANN-GA model outperformed the regression model in prediction accuracy, with R2 values of 98.38 % and 95.71 %, respectively, and maximum prediction errors below 1.17 %. This study contributes to the scientific understanding of thermal behavior in FDM-printed composites and provides a robust AI-based framework for optimizing CTE without extensive experimental trials. The findings offer practical implications to produce dimensionally stable components in high-precision applications.Mus Alparslan University Technology Research and Project Coordination Unit [BAP-24-TBMYO-4901- 06]The author disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Mus Alparslan University Technology Research and Project Coordination Unit as a project numbered BAP-24-TBMYO-4901- 0
Performance and Modelling of PTFE and PTFE plus PANI-based Electrode Modifications in Cylindrical H-Type Microbial Fuel Cells
No full textMicrobial fuel cells (MFCs) are advanced bioelectrochemical systems that simultaneously treat wastewater and generate electricity using electroactive bacteria as biocatalysts. In this study, different anode and cathode electrodes were modified using PTFE-based and PTFE+Polyaniline (PANI)-based binders combined with activated carbon and expandable graphite, and their effects on MFC performance were evaluated. The maximum power density values were measured at 85,07 mW/m2 for the PTFE-based electrode and 91,86 mW/m2 for the PTFE+PANI-based electrode. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies were 80,52% and 80,17% and coulombic efficiencies 2,07% and 2% for the PTFE-based and PTFE+PANI-based electrodes, respectively. Additionally, full factorial design optimization was conducted using design expert 7.0.0, and the modeling results were successfully validated. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the PTFE-based electrode enhances power generation in cylindrical H-type MFCs by improving electron transfer and biofilm formation.Gazi University, Scientific Research Foundation [FDK-2021-7349]Gazi UEniversitesi [FDK-2021-7349]This study was supported by Gazi University, Scientific Research Foundation [Project no: FDK-2021-7349]. Gazi UEniversitesi [FDK-2021-7349]
Assessment of vermicompost compositions containing cattle, sheep, and poultry manures for contamination risk of microgreens by foodborne pathogens
No full textTransfer of pathogens to microgreens may occur due to the use of contaminated materials used during growth. The aim of this study was to assess contamination risk of microgreens from solid and vermicompost (extract) tea compositions containing cattle, sheep, and poultry manures. Pasteurized vermicompost compositions and non-aerated vermicompost teas were produced with composted cattle, sheep, and poultry feces. Separate ampicillin (Amp) resistant cocktails (3-strains/cocktail) of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica and non-resistant Listeria monocytogenes were inoculated (10(5)-10(7) CFU/g) into solid vermicompost and vermicompost tea for storage at room temperature up to 28 days. Radish microgreens were grown in vermicompost and in inoculated perlite mixture (1:1) and diluted (1:1) vermicompost tea-soaked perlite as soilless substrate (n = 4). Pathogen persistence was not affected by vermicompost compositions made of different animal manures (P > 0.05). Similar survival trends were observed for E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica in all vermicompost samples. Over the 28-day storage, E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica populations declined between 4.5 and 5.7 log CFU/g in solid vermicompost compositions, and 3.9 and 5.9 log CFU/g in prepared vermicompost teas, respectively (P <= 0.05). Reduction in L. monocytogenes populations were <= 1.8 log CFU/g in all vermicompost preparations. Pathogen populations transferred to microgreens from vermicompost and perlite mixture and vermicompost tea-soaked perlite ranged from 5.6 +/- 1.0 to 7.1 +/- 0.1 log CFU/g. The use of contaminated or inadequately pasteurized solid vermicompost and derived vermicompost teas made of animal feces could pose a high risk for contamination of microgreens.Mus , Alparslan University-Scientific Research Coordination Unit [BAP-20-MMF-4902-01]This study was funded by Mus , Alparslan University-Scientific Research Coordination Unit under project number: BAP-20-MMF-4902-01. The authors acknowledge the support of Mus , Alparslan University-Molecular Biology and Genetics laboratories
Synthesis and characterization of organo sulfonate compounds
Full text linkSülfonat motifi içeren organik maddeler araştırmacılar tarafından sıklıkla çalışılan biyoaktif yapısal bir motiftir. Bu motifi içeren organik moleküllerin antifungal, antineoplastik, antimikrobiyal, antikanser, enzim inhibisyonu, fitoremedasyon, anti-su küfü ve böcek öldürücü gibi birçok biyolojik etkinliklerinin olduğu bilinmektedir. Daha önceki çalışmalarımızda, grubumuz tarafından sülfonat motifini içeren yeni organik yapılar başarılı bir şekilde sentezlenmiş ve bu yapıların enzim inhibisyonu ve fitoremedasyon gibi biyolojik aktivite çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Bu tez çalışması kapsamında, biyolojik etkinlik göstermesi beklenen yeni 10 adet sülfonat türevleri sentezlendi. Sentezlenen bileşiklerin 1H NMR, 13C NMR ve HRMS analizleri yapılarak karakterize edildi. Öncelikle, 4-klorobenzaldehit ve 1-(2-hidroksifenil)etanon çıkış maddelerinden 3-(4-klorofenil)-1-(2-hidroksifenil)prop-2-en-1-on bileşiğinin sentezi yapıldı. Sonrasında bu bileşik ile çeşitli sülfonil klorür reaktifleri kullanılarak yeni dekore edilmiş organo sülfonat ester türevleri elde edildi.Organic substances containing the sulfonate motif are bioactive structural motifs frequently studied by researchers. It is known that organic molecules containing this motif have many biological activities such as antifungal, antineoplastic, antimicrobial, anticancer, enzyme inhibition, phytoremediation, anti-Oomycete, and insecticide. In our previous studies, new organic structures containing the sulfonate motif were successfully synthesized by our group and biological studies of these structures such as enzyme inhibition and phytoremediation were carried out. Ten new sulfonate derivatives expected to show biological activity were synthesized. The sulfonate derivatives (1-10) were analyzed and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. Firstly, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one compound was obtained from 4-chlorobenzaldehyde and 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone starting materials. Afterwards, new decorated organo sulfonate ester derivatives were obtained by using this compound with various sulfonyl chloride reagents