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« La crise dans tous ses états dans le cinéma de fiction et de non-fiction »
No full textInternational audienceThe article examines several works of fiction and non-fiction to analyze, first, the image of victims that they construct, contrary to the dominant discourse that tended to hold them responsible for their situation and portray them as passive in the face of events. The works studied, Cerca de tu casa (Eduard Cortés, 2016), En tierra extraña (Iciar Bollaín, 2014), and En los márgenes (Juan Diego Botto, 2022), highlight the agentivity of these victims and strongly emphasize collective action, which is at the heart of the 15M proposals. In a second section, the article considers how certain films take up the accusations made by the Indignados and offer narratives that reveal the perversity of the discourse put forward by the banks and expose political corruption (B. la película by David Ilundaín, 2015) or denounce the deterioration of working conditions brought about by the recession (David Macián's La mano invisible, 2017)
« Je te crois ». Révéler l’inceste, une épreuve professionnelle
No full textInternational audienceCet article interroge les conditions du dévoilement de l’inceste dans le champ social en Polynésie française. Dans quelle mesure les professionnelles du social sont-elles en mesure d’entendre puis de dire l’inceste ? La révélation, qui se matérialise par un signalement, n’est pas un simple énoncé factuel. Elle expose personnellement et professionnellement celle qui veut protéger, mais qui, dans le même temps, est accusée de causer du tort à la famille. Ce mécanisme est renforcé en contexte insulaire. En analysant les dilemmes auxquels sont confrontées les professionnelles du social et leur manière d’y faire face, on met en évidence l’enjeu d’un (ré)outillage conceptuel permettant de penser l’inceste comme un fait social
« Il fallait bougrement travailler du cerveau pour piger toutes ces idées » : le phénomène Goreloff et l(e)s culture(s) du cinéma en France dans l’entre-deux-guerres
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"Between conflict and collaboration: The official chronicler and the construction of community histories in the kingdom of Aragon and beyond"
No full textInternational audienceHalfway between a “who’s who” and an “incubator” of local memories, the Anales de Aragón con-stitute a wide-reaching device to “authenticate” urban and lineage reputations as well as the localcommunities’ histories at large. The official chronicler of Aragon, whose social capital is founded ona privileged access to archival repositories and on an expert treatment of documentation, is theirmain architect. As such, he has to negotiate with diverse communities of memory and knowledgeto obtain the documents he needs. In return, these communities try to influence the chronicler’sdiscourse and sometimes attempt to contest already published narratives. Through the case ofthe chronicler Juan Francisco Andrés de Uztarroz (1606–53), we shall examine the interactionsbetween local institutions, urban memories, and the official Aragon chronicler’s metanarrative.Negotiations can be fraternal or conflictual, they can deal with a recent or remote past, with patronsaints or with Roman antiquities. Central to these negotiations is access to the archives and howthey are used. This testifies to the many ways of understanding the notion of historical proof andof historical narratives. Through these nested negotiations, multi-scale networks emerge: urbancommunities, local scholars, religious orders, lineages, the Republic of Letters, and royal chroniclers.Entre who’s who et incubateur de mémoires locales, les Annales d’Aragon constituent un gigantesque dispositif d’autorisation des réputations urbaines et lignagères. Le chroniqueur officiel, dont le capital social se bâtit sur un accès privilégié et expert aux documents d’archives, en est le maître d’œuvre. À ce titre, il doit entrer en négociation avec les différentes communautés de mémoire et de savoir du royaume afin d’obtenir les informations et les documents indispensables à son récit. Celles-ci, en retour tentent d’orienter le discours du chroniqueur avec plus ou moins de fortune et parfois pour polémiquer avec des écrits déjà imprimés. À travers les menées du chroniqueur Francisco Andrés (1606-1653), on examinera les interactions entre les mémoires urbaines et le métarécit des chroniqueurs officiels d’Aragon. La négociation peut être harmonieuse ou conflictuelle, impliquer un passé proche ou éloigné, des saints patrons ou des antiquités romaines et s’articule sur l’accessibilité aux archives, leur traitement et la prise en compte d’autres vestiges du passé. Ce sont ainsi différentes façons de concevoir la preuve et le récit historique qui s’affrontent ou se confortent et qui font s’emboîter des réseaux multiscalaires (érudits locaux, ordres religieux, grands lignages, parentèles, république des lettres, chroniqueurs royaux)
Implémentation d’avatars numériques dans la prise en soin orthophonique à domicile d’enfants sourds ou présentant un trouble spécifique du langage ou des apprentissages : représentations de parents et de fratries
No full textInternational audienceContext. In their AVI-Corse research project, the authors are testing the possibility of implementing animated digital talking heads as language aids in the family home. The under-representation of speech therapists in part of Corsica, and the large number of patients waiting for appointments, mean that alternative means have to be found. This is a participatory research project involving young people, parents, siblings and speech therapists. Goal. The aim of this research is to identify the obstacles and facilitators to the future implementation of digital avatars, a technology that has been shown to be effective in a previous study. Method. The data presented here focus on the opinions of 25 families with children aged 8 to 15, with Specific Learning disorders (SLD) or deafness, articulate mixed methodologies based on semi-structured interviews and quantitative responses in the form of a Likert scale. Results. The results show that avatars are fairly well received by parents in the home. The findings show that deaf children parents tend to condition their approval on their child’s opinion, unlike children with SLD parents, who are mostly unreservedly favorable. Siblings of children with SLD and of deaf children express more nuanced views, showing particular concern for their brother’s or sister’s difficulties. Conclusion. While the overall opinion on the use of avatars in telepractice in speech-language pathology is favorable, there are recommendations to bear in mind regarding their use at home.Contexte. Le projet de recherche AVI-Corse, AVatar Inclusif en Corse, teste la possibilité d’implémentation de têtes parlantes numériques animées comme supports au langage au sein du domicile familial. La sous-représentation des orthophonistes sur une partie du territoire corse ainsi que le nombre important de patients en attente de rendez-vous supposent effectivement de trouver des moyens alternatifs. Ce projet est une recherche participative où jeunes, parents, fratries et orthophonistes sont conviés. Objectif. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’identifier les obstacles et les facilitateurs en vue d’une implémentation future d’avatars numériques dont la technologie a montré son efficacité dans une précédente étude. Méthode. Vingt-cinq familles d’enfants âgés de 8 à 15 ans, avec troubles spécifiques du langage ou des apprentissages (TSLA) ou sourds ont été rencontrées. Des entretiens ont été menés auprès des parents et de la fratrie s’appuyant sur des méthodologies mixtes à partir d’entretiens semi-directifs pour l’ensemble des participants et de réponses quantitatives sous forme d’échelle de Likert pour la fratrie. Résultats. Les résultats témoignent d’un accueil favorable des avatars de la part des parents et de la fratrie au sein du domicile. La mise en lumière du point de vue des parents montre que les parents d’enfant sourd conditionnent davantage leurs réponses à l’avis de leur enfant, contrairement aux parents d’enfant avec TSLA qui sont majoritairement favorables sans réserve. Les réponses des fratries d’enfant TSLA et d’enfant sourd montrent des positions plus nuancées, les participants manifestant une attention particulière face aux difficultés rencontrées par leurs frères et sœurs. Conclusion. Si un avis favorable est globalement formulé quant à l’usage d’avatars dans le cadre de la télé-orthophonie, quelques réserves et recommandations sont à retenir quant à son usage à domicile
Leveraging Digital Twins in Software-Defined IoT Networks: A Smart Agriculture Case Study
No full textInternational audienceSoftware-Defined Networking (SDN) has proven to be a promising and prosperous direction for the Internet of Things (IoT). Numerous SDN-based architectures have been specifically designed for IoT environments and have demonstrated their efficiency. However, these architectures are often tailored to meet the requirements of a particular application or service. In such cases, the SDN controller makes decisions according to a management policy, either predefined or externally imposed, resulting in configurations that may meet the performance requirements of a specific service but often fail to adapt to other needs due to the lack of autonomous decision-making capabilities. In this paper, we explore the use of a decision-making agent to enhance the autonomy of the SDN controller. This agent relies on a Network Digital Twin, which is responsible for simulating and evaluating the physical network environment. By leveraging these evaluations, the agent assists the controller in making more appropriate and adaptive decisions, enabling it to dynamically adjust its control strategies according to varying application needs. This integration allows for more intelligent and optimal decisionmaking based on concrete and contextualized network evaluations. Here, we evaluate the performance of this agent in the context of Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) for a Smart Agriculture use case. Our results show that the agent meets the specific requirements of each service, including high data reliability, low-latency communication, and energy efficiency, demonstrating the benefits of combining SDN with a Digital Twin for autonomous and adaptive network control.</div
Trans Women in Iran: Navigating Marriage and Women’s Agency
No full textInternational audienceGender-affirmation surgery (GAS), permitted by Ayatollah Khomeini’s fatwa since 1986, has brought significant attention to trans individuals in Iran, within a repressive context upholding heteronormativity and cissexism. However, research on the marital lives of trans people in Iran remains limited. This chapter explores the dynamics of marriage and divorce among Iranian trans women, focusing on their agency within marriage, both pre- and post-transition. Based on semi-structured interviews with seven trans women conducted between 2017 and 2024, the study includes four women who married after GAS—three to cisgender men and one to a trans man following a divorce. It also includes three women who married before transitioning, two of whom became biological fathers. The chapter examines the rigid gender politics of the Islamic Republic while highlighting the non-hegemonic experiences of trans women navigating relationships
Harnessing operating room signals to estimate mean arterial pressure with AnesthNet
No full textInternational audienceMonitoring mean arterial pressure (MAP) is essential for ensuring safe general anesthesia. Current practices rely either on non-invasive cuff measurements, which suffer from poor temporal resolution, or invasive arterial lines, which provide excellent accuracy and resolution but carry a significant risk of complications. Therefore, identifying alternatives to arterial lines in the operating rooms is a pressing need. Despite the importance of this issue in the community, clinically viable non-invasive MAP monitoring methods have yet to emerge. Existing approaches often encounter reproducibility issues, notably on large, open-source databases, and are not always optimized for real-time predictions. To address these limitations, this study introduces AnesthNet, a deep learning architecture designed for MAP estimation, using data exclusively from non-invasive and routine sensors such as photoplethysmography, ECG, and cuff oscillometer. AnesthNet was evaluated against the best-performing state-of-the-art deep learning architectures, using international standards to assess their performance on two of the largest datasets to date: VitalDB (2,833 patients) and LaribDB (5,060 patients). AnesthNet achieved superior performances, reaching an MAE of 4.6 (± 4.7) mmHg on VitalDB and 3.8 (± 5.7) mmHg on LaribDB. Our model also outperformed other architectures for different delays in cuff values and yielded no significant latency during inference, meeting clinical real-time requirements
Contribution of women’s preference to the overuse of caesarean sections: A propensity score matching analysis based on a multi-country cross-sectional survey, as part of the QUALI-DEC project
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction Maternal request for caesarean section has often been cited to justify the increasing caesarean section rates worldwide. However, we lack evidence on the impact of women’s preference for caesarean section on this dramatic tendency. Given the need to develop appropriate strategies to reduce unnecessary caesarean section, the objective of this study was to assess the association between women’s preference for caesarean section and its actual use, and to estimate the proportion of caesarean section associated with women’s preference for caesarean section in Argentina, Burkina Faso, Thailand and Viet Nam. Methods A cross-sectional hospital-based survey among postpartum women was conducted in 32 hospitals (8 per country) between 2020 and 2022. We selected women with no potential medical indication for caesarean section among a random sample of women who delivered in participating facilities during the data collection period. We chose a propensity score matching approach, to compare the probability of giving birth by caesarean section between women who, late in pregnancy, preferred caesarean section and those who preferred vaginal birth. Results A total of 1,827 low-risk women were included, of whom 10.4% preferred a caesarean section and the average caesarean section rate was 24.5%. The results show that, on average, preference for caesarean section increased the probability of having a caesarean section by 32% (CI 95% [0.23–0.41]; p < 0.001). The relative risk was estimated at 2.69 (CI 95%: 2.43; 2.95) and the fraction of caesarean section associated with women’s preference was estimated at 15% (CI 95%: 12.9% − 16.9%). Conclusion Although women’s preference plays a role in the use of caesarean section in the participating hospitals, it likely accounts for only a small proportion of the caesarean section performed, highlighting the need for multidimensional, context-specific strategies to reduce unnecessary caesarean sections (providing women with evidence-based information, improving clinicians’ adherence to guidelines and shared decision-making, addressing systemic factors…)