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Behaviour of Children of Holocaust Survivors in France Regarding Food
No full textInternational audienceHolocaust survivors experienced extreme trauma, including physical abuse and malnutrition, leading to various eating disorders. The aim of this study was to compare the eating behaviours of Children of Holocaust Survivors (CHS) with those of children of non-Jewish parents who had at least one parent in France during World War II (CW), and to explore the influence of parental relationships with food on these behaviours. CHS and CW participants were recruited via social media for an online survey that collected demographic data, family war history, parental hunger experiences, and the prevalence of family silence about the war. Among 522 CHS and 100 CW, no significant difference was found in overall dietary behaviour. However, CHS were more likely to value holiday culinary traditions for themselves (77.6% vs. 40%), their parents (68.5% vs. 40.2%), and their children (61.1% vs. 32.1%). CHS whose parents experienced hunger were more likely to keep large food stores (69.5% vs. 51.2%), eat quickly (38.7% vs. 24.2%), eat all the food (61.1% vs. 47%), and overeat (55.5% vs. 45%). This study, the first of its kind in a large cohort, highlights the lasting impact of the Holocaust on eating behaviour in CHS
Covid-19 Ad memoriam : fragments pour les mémoires
No full textQue retiendrons-nous de la pandémie Covid-19 en France ? Cette pandémie a constitué, pour beaucoup d'entre nous, une rupture anthropologique, un moment de basculement personnel et collectif. Nous avons ressenti, à des degrés divers, une forme de sidération, le monde avait soudain changé de visage. Cette rupture a été vécue différemment selon les personnes, les contextes, les pays, et elle a laissé des traces profondes. Dans ce livre, Laëtitia Atlani-Duault puise dans trois corpus de témoignages des plus inédits : ceux que les Français lui ont envoyés dès le printemps 2020, et pendant quatre ans, pour partager et transmettre leurs expériences de vie en ce temps de pandémie, les objets du quotidien associés à celle-ci et qui ont été confiés au Mucem, et enfin les dessins de Plantu qui ont recouvert les murs des hôpitaux publics du pays et dont se souviendront tous ceux que la vie, ou la mort, a amenés dans ces lieux de soins. Au fil des pages, témoignages, objets et dessins se répondent et, par le partage de ces instants de vie ordinaires comme extraordinaires, heureux comme tristes, ce livre participe à la construction des mémoires de la pandémie en France. "Car se souvenir est une forme de contre-don, certes symbolique, mais qui est une manière de remercier et, plus encore, de reconnaître la valeur des efforts consentis par nous tous, qui sommes parvenus à faire tenir notre société"
Comment les filles apprennent-elles à faire des vidéos ? Conceptions et productions audiovisuelles d’étudiantes en sciences humaines
No full textInternational audienceDepuis le début des années 2000, les possibilités offertes par la vidéo numérique ont connu un développement considérable. Les compétences, surtout acquises dans le cadre privé hors de l’école et de l’université, liées à la production et au partage de vidéo occupent aujourd’hui une place croissante dans la vie sociale et démocratique, qu’il s’agisse de réalisation, d’édition, de montage ou de partage grâce aux plateformes dédiées. Afin d’éclairer les modes d’appropriation de ces compétences, une série d’entretiens, menés avec des étudiantes de Licence en sciences humaines et sociales, est exploitée. La production et le partage de vidéos par ces jeunes adultes semblent répondre à trois objectifs : la mémoire partagée, l’expression d’une créativité et le développement de compétences préprofessionnelles. Ce processus d’apprentissage complexe est largement autodidacte, s’appuyant sur des tutoriels et la reproduction de formats populaires. Il est aussi coconstruit avec les pairs, en tenant compte des commentaires suscités par les vidéos partagées, selon des logiques en partie liées à une construction genrée de la mise en scène de soi sur les réseaux sociaux numériques
Global well-posedness of a 2D fluid-structure interaction problem with free surface
No full textThis paper is devoted to the analysis of the incompressible Euler equation in a time-dependent fluid domain, whose interface evolution is governed by the law of linear elasticity. Our main result asserts that the Cauchy problem is globally well-posed in time for any irrotational initial data in the energy space, without any smallness assumption. We also prove continuity with respect to the initial data and the propagation of regularity. The main novelty is that no dissipative effect is assumed in the system. In the absence of parabolic regularization, the key observation is that the system can be transformed into a nonlinear Schrödinger-type equation, to which dispersive estimates are applied. This allows us to construct solutions that are very rough from the point of view of fluid dynamics-the initial fluid velocity has merely one-half derivative in L2. The main difficulty is that the problem is critical in the energy space with respect to several key inequalities from harmonic analysis. The proof incorporates new estimates for the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator in the low-regularity regime, including refinements of paralinearization formulas and shape derivative formulas, which played a key role in the analysis of water waves
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis of (113) PIN & NIP diamond structures
No full textInternational audienceWith tremendous physical properties, diamond is considered to be the ultimate semiconductor for high power electronics. Indeed, diamond is awaited to endure high electric fields with low leakage current. It is then a candidate of choice for high voltage and high temperature power electronics. Even if some incursions were made on the (110) orientation, the conventional crystalline orientations used for diamond are (111) and (100). Lying in between, (113) is a stable growth orientation during chemical vapor deposition and could allow obtaining enlarged crystals. For p-type doping with boron, the LSPM lab has proven the interest of the (113) orientation by growing p-type free-standing plates with equivalent quality to (100) orientation and, very recently, enlarged (113) p+-substrates [1]. For n-type doping with phosphorus, the GEMaC lab has shown that the (113) orientation give access to lower compensation ratio than (100) with higher electron mobility [2] at temperature above 450°C. All those results pave the way for the realization (113) diamond bipolar devices. In the framework of the ANR-LAPIN113 project [3], the LAAS lab, specialized in power devices simulation and fabrication, has defined the “ideal” PIN and NIP stacks that might ensure the target breakdown voltage. LSPM and GEMaC labs were then in charge of the synthesis to get requested PIN and NIP structures. Thanks to secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), we analysed the depth-distributions of dopants over each structure. The depth profiles reveal the ability of the grower labs to achieve requested PIN and NIP structures on (113) orientation. The knowledge of the exact doping profiles will allow to simulate diode characteristics and help to understand the future experimental measurements of the diodes that will be performed on the PIN and NIP structures. References1.R. Mesples-Carrère, R. Issaoui, A. Valentin, L. Banaigs, O. Brinza, F. Bénédic, J. achard. Diamond Relat. Mater. 149 (2024), 111659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111659 2.M.-A. Pinault-Thaury, I. Stenger, R. Gillet, S. Temgoua, E. Chikoidze, Y. Dumont, F. Jomard, T. Kociniewski, J. Barjon. Carbon 175 (2021) 254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2021.01.011 3.For information about the ANR-LAPIN113 project see https://anr.fr/Projet-ANR-20-CE05-003
Le vaste horizon des possibles de l’accord sur le dialogue social, note sous Cass. soc., 18 juin 2025, no 23-10.857
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Towards Ontology-Based Descriptions of Conversations with Qualitatively-Defined Concepts
No full textAccepted at TOTh 2025 (Terminology & Ontology: Theories and applications)The controllability of Large Language Models (LLMs) when used as conversational agents is a key challenge, particularly to ensure predictable and user-personalized responses. This work proposes an ontology-based approach to formally define conversational features that are typically qualitative in nature. By leveraging a set of linguistic descriptors, we derive quantitative definitions for qualitatively-defined concepts, enabling their integration into an ontology for reasoning and consistency checking. We apply this framework to the task of proficiency-level control in conversations, using CEFR language proficiency levels as a case study. These definitions are then formalized in description logic and incorporated into an ontology, which guides controlled text generation of an LLM through fine-tuning. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach provides consistent and explainable proficiency-level definitions, improving transparency in conversational AI
ZnO-ZnTe composites crystallized from melt at high pressure: Thermoelectric and transport properties
No full textInternational audienceCo-crystallization of zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc telluride (ZnTe) from a melt at high pressure results in the formation of ZnO-ZnTe composites with interesting physical properties that differ from those of the initial phases. The features of co-crystallization in the ZnO-ZnTe system at high pressure were studied using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of the quenched samples, and a mechanism of successive (layer-by-layer) crystallization from the melt was proposed. Measurements of the Hall effect and thermoelectric properties revealed that the composites exhibit p-type conductivity. The Seebeck coefficients and temperature dependences of electrical and thermal conductivity were also determined
Computerised decision support system towards informing Lyme borreliosis incidence in France
No full textInternational audienceIn Europe, the estimation of Lyme borreliosis (LB) incidence is challenged by its heterogeneous reporting. In France, LB incidence is estimated from cases reported voluntarily to the Sentinelles network through general practitioners (GPs). Here, we explored how a computerised decision support system (CDSS), Antibioclic, with higher GPs participation and country-wide coverage, can inform further LB incidence. We derived the incidence of LB Antibioclic indicators (with either erythema migrans or disseminated disease), surveyed Antibioclic usage for suspect cases seen in GP consultations, and compared those estimates with the Sentinelles network estimations. In 2023, the incidence of Antibioclic LB indicators (290 per 100,000 inhabitants; CI95%, 277-303) was almost five times higher than LB incidence from the Sentinelles network, but sharing similar higher-incidence regions. Antibioclic LB indicators under-estimated the incidence of suspect cases seen in higher-incidence regions, while in lower-risk regions, Antibioclic estimation was closer to observed suspect cases. Refine estimates would benefit from improved follow up over time and space while improving case definition