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Adaptive estimation for nonparametric circular regression with errors in variables
No full textThis paper investigates the nonparametric estimation of a circular regression function in an errors-in-variables framework. Two settings are studied, depending on whether the covariates are circular or linear. Adaptive estimators are constructed and their theoretical performance is assessed through convergence rates over Sobolev and Hölder smoothness classes. Numerical experiments on simulated and real datasets illustrate the practical relevance of the methodology.</div
Une approche analytique innovante pour un aperçu exhaustif de l'exposition interne humaine aux pesticides
No full textLes produits phytopharmaceutiques utilisés en agriculture contiennent des molécules spécifiquement conçues pour être toxiques pour des organismes cibles. Cependant, leur utilisation peut également entraîner des effets non intentionnels, présentant des risques potentiels pour les écosystèmes et les organismes non cibles, y compris les êtres humains. Les travaux de recherche menés ont permis d’approfondir la compréhension des liens entre l’exposition à ces substances et les effets observés dans l’environnement. En particulier, les études ont mis en évidence comment des niveaux d’exposition, même faibles, peuvent engendrer des effets chroniques sur des organismes non cibles et perturber les écosystèmes. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance de quantifier et de caractériser ces expositions pour mieux évaluer leurs impacts potentiels sur la santé humaine et l’environnement. Les présentations seront suivies d’échanges et de discussions, afin de réfléchir ensemble aux conséquences de ces travaux et d’explorer des perspectives pour construire une agriculture qui soit respectueuse de la santé humaine et de l’intégrité des écosystèmes.National audienceHuman exposure to contaminants, including pesticides, is generally estimated using indirect methods. Conventional biomonitoring methods remain focused on a limited number of known substances, leaving the risks associated with multiple exposures currently underexplored. We propose an innovative approach to detect as many pesticide exposure markers as possible in an untargeted manner by combining three complementary mass spectrometry platforms coupled with chromatography. This approach, based on the exposome concept (Wild, David), allows us to produce exposure data on a wide range of pesticides and metabolites by screening a broad panel of exposure markers. The results demonstrate the added value of this approach, applied to two epidemiological studies (PELAGIE and Nutrinet-Santé), to test for associations with health parameters.L'exposition humaine aux contaminants, dont les pesticides, est généralement estimée par des méthodes indirectes. Les méthodes de biosurveillance conventionnelles restent centrées sur un nombre limité de substances connues, laissant les risques associés à une exposition multiple actuellement sous-explorés.Nous proposons une approche innovante pour détecter le maximum de marqueurs d'exposition aux pesticides de façon non ciblée en combinant trois plateformes complémentaires de spectrométrie de masse couplée à la chromatographie . Cette approche permet, autour du concept d'exposome (Wild, David), de produire des données d'exposition sur une large gamme de pesticides et métabolites par criblage d'un large panel de marqueurs d'exposition. Les résultats montrent la plus-value de cette approche appliquée à deux études épidémiologiques (PELAGIE et Nutrinet-Santé), pour tester des associations avec des paramètres de santé.</p
Chalcogen-Influenced Benzochalcogenazolo-Based N , O -Coordinated Difluoroboron Complexes: From Lasing Dyes to Room-Temperature-Phosphorescence Emitters
No full textInternational audienc
A random polymer approach to the weak disorder phase of the vertex reinforced jump process
No full textIn this paper, we study the transient phase of the Vertex Reinforced Jump Process (VRJP) in dimension d ≥ 3. In [29], the authors introduce a positive martingale and show that the VRJP is recurrent if and only if that martingale converges to 0. On , d ≥ 3, with constant conductances W , it can be shown that there is a critical value 0 < Wc() < ∞, such that the martingale converges to 0 if W < Wc() or to a positive limit if W > Wc(). On the other hand, the VRJP martingale can be interpreted as the partition function of a non-directed polymer with a very specific 1-dependent random potential. In this paper, we focus on the question of the Lp integrability of the VRJP martingale, which is related to the (diffusive) behavior of the VRJP. First, taking inspiration from the work of Junk [15] for directed polymers in , we prove that on the half-space of , for all W > Wc() there is some δ > 0 such that the VRJP martingale is in L. Second, we prove that, in dimension d ≥ 4, the VRJP martingale is in L for all p > 1 above the slab critical point W) = limm→∞ Wc( x [-m, m] We also propose some related conjectures
Changes in working and health conditions in different sectors between 2010 and 2019 in a representative sample of French workers
No full textInternational audienceBackground Studies on evolution of working conditions and workers’ health in developed countries show conflicting results, and often fail to identify evolutions by occupational sector. This study aimed to describe recent evolutions of working conditions and health status of French workers over a decade across different activity sectors. Methods and findings Data from a large national French observatory of working conditions and health were used. This observatory collects, for a random sample of employees, data on their working conditions and health. Data on working conditions and health status of employees in the 13 main French activity sectors in 2010–2011 and 2018–2019 were used. A 2 steps weighting method was used to allow results to be extrapolated to the French employees. Overall, 23,951 and 26,538 questionnaires were collected for the 2010–2011 and 2018–2019 periods, respectively. Job demand significantly decreased and job resources significantly increased between 2010–2011 and 2018–2019 while physical workload decreased. Neck, wrist, elbow and back pain disorders significantly decreased as well as anxiety, whereas shoulder disorders, fatigue and sleep disorders increased. However, there were large and significant disparities in evolutions between sectors, for exposures and health status. The most worrisome sector was the Human health and social work sector with no improvement in the working conditions and increasing health problems. Conclusion Overall, evolutions and prevalence of physical exposure or health problems do not bring the same information. It is important to understand the extent to which psychosocial, physical working conditions and health status differ among various industry categories, and to study the determinants of such disparities such that policy and practice interventions to reduce disparities can be appropriately directed. It is also important to continue monitoring health of workers, as the impact of changes in working conditions may not have an immediate effect, particularly for conditions with a long latency period
Les « doubles suivis » comme situations frontières Pratiques professionnelles et différenciations sociales des jeunes suivis par l'ASE et la PJJ
No full textCe rapport de recherche rend compte des résultats d’une enquête conduite deux ans durant sur les jeunes doublement suivis, c’est-à-dire pris en charge par l’Aide sociale à l’enfance (ASE), au titre de l’enfance en danger, et par la Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse (PJJ), au titre de l’enfance délinquante. Elle fait suite à l’appel à projets « Trajectoires » lancé par la Direction de la protection judiciaire de la jeunesse en 2021 sur la question de « l’analyse des parcours de jeunes faisant l’objet d’un double suivi ».Le cahier des charges de cet appel portait sur la compréhension de ces situations et de ce qui les engendre, et sur les effets sur les parcours des jeunes de ces prises en charge
Evaluating virtual-control-augmented trials for reproducing treatment effect from original RCTs
No full textThis study investigates the use of virtual patient data to augment control arms in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Using data from the IST and IST3 trials, we simulated RCTs in which the recruitment in the control arms would stop after a fraction of the initially planned sample size, and would be completed by virtual patients generated by CTGAN and TVAE, two AI algorithms trained on the recruited control patients. In IST, the absolute risk difference(ARD) on death or dependency at 14 days was -0.012 (SE 0.014). Completing the control arm by CTGAN-generated virtual patients after the recruitment of 10% and 50% of participants, yielded an ARD of 0.004 (SE 0.014) (relative difference 133%) and -0.021 (SE 0.014) (relative difference 76%), respectively. Results were comparable with IST3 or TVAE. This is the first empirical demonstration of the risk of errors and misleading conclusions associated with generating virtual controls solely from trial data
The Autobiographical Error: From Mistake to Trace of the SelfToward an Identity-Based Reading of Linguistic Errors in Migration Contexts: The Autobiographical Error: From Mistake to Trace of the SelfToward an Identity-Based Reading of Linguistic Errors in Migration Contexts
No full textInternational audienceZusammenfassung Dieser Beitrag entwickelt das Konzept des autobiografischen Fehlers im Zweitspracherwerb von migrierten Jugendlichen, insbesondere beim Erlernen der deutschen Sprache. Aufbauend auf den Erkenntnissen von S. Pit Corder werden wiederkehrende Fehler nicht mehr nur als grammatikalische Abweichungen, sondern als subjektive Spuren verstanden – Ausdruck von inneren Spannungen oder biografischen Brüchen. Im Rahmen einer narrativen und situierten Didaktik, die kreative Hefte, autobiografische Filme und gemeinsames Schreiben kombiniert, werden Fehler zu einem Zugang zur Selbstnarration. Diese Perspektive eröffnet eine Pädagogik der Anerkennung, in der Sprache als Ort der Identitätsentwicklung fungiert.This paper introduces the concept of autobiographical error in the language acquisition of migrant adolescents learning German. Building on S. Pit Corder’s foundational work, the author reinterprets certain recurrent errors not merely as linguistic deviations but as identity-related markers, often reflecting inner conflict or biographical rupture. Through a pedagogical framework combining creative writing notebooks, autobiographical film, and collaborative storytelling, the learner’s errors become a narrative gateway to self-expression. This narrative and situated approach lays the groundwork for a pedagogy of recognition, where language learning becomes a space for subjective reconstruction.Ce texte explore la notion d’erreur autobiographique chez des adolescents migrants en apprentissage de la langue allemande. En prolongeant les travaux de S. Pit Corder, l’étude considère certaines erreurs non plus comme de simples écarts grammaticaux, mais comme des traces identitaires, révélatrices de tensions affectives ou biographiques. À travers un accompagnement individualisé mêlant cahiers créatifs, film autobiographique et coécriture pédagogique, l’erreur devient un point d’entrée dans le récit de soi. Cette approche narrative et situated propose ainsi une pédagogie de la reconnaissance, dans laquelle la langue devient un lieu de recomposition subjective
Cognitive testings on a touch-screen tablet for older adults: A feasibility study
No full textInternational audienceDigital tools are currently being developed to help with the diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder (NCD). Their use in primary care as screening tools could optimize referral to specialized teams. We aimed to develop a simple, easy-to-use neurocognitive screening tool on a touchscreen tablet to distinguish between people with major NCD, those with mild NCD and those with no NCD. We hypothesize that, depending on cognitive impairment, differences in correct responses and response times differ significantly
Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanisms of Metallic Thin Films Synthetized by Pulsed Laser Deposition
No full textInternational audienceThe ongoing trend toward miniaturization in device components across key technologies demands the synthesis of high-performance nanostructured films with exceptional combination mechanical properties such as high yield strength and plasticity which, however, are mutually exclusive. In order to overcome such trade off, it is crucial to control the atomic composition and the microstructure, going beyond currently nanoengineering design approaches for thin films. One main limitation arises from conventional thin film deposition techniques (sputtering) with limited possibility to fabricate novel microstructures such as with ultrafine grains or nanoscale laminates alternating layers of different compositions and phases with intrinsic dimensions on the order of a few nanometers. Such features could induce mechanical size effects, influencing deformation mechanisms and enabling highly tunable and enhanced mechanical properties.Here, I will show the potential of Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) as a novel technique to synthetize advanced metallic thin films, reporting the fabrication of a variety of microstructures with tailored composition and nanoscale features including compact, nanogranular and crystal/glass ultrafine nanolaminates and focusing on the deformation behavior and mechanical properties.First, I will focus on the on the fabrication of thin film metallic glasses with different composition ZrCu, ZrCuAl (with also O addition) and controlled microstructure, compact and nanogranular [1]. The mechanical characterization with optoacoustic techniques, nanoindentation and in situ SEM micropillar compression reports large and tailored mechanical properties, above sputter-deposited counterparts, reaching ultimate yield strength (>4 GPa) and ductility (>15 %) for ZrCuAl/O films. Then, I will show the fabrication of ultrafine glass/crystal (ZrCu/Al) nanolaminates with high and tunable density of interfaces (nanolayer thickness <5 nm), reporting shear bands blocking and homogenous deformation, in combination with large plasticity (> 10%) and yield strength (>3.4 GPa) [2]. Lastly, I will focus on the PLD synthesis of CoCrCuFeNi crystalline high entropy alloys showing unique microstructure and ultrafine grains (≈10 nm), triggering Hall-Petch strengthening resulting in high hardness (≈10.5 GPa) and yield strength (1.9 GPa) significantly above sputter-deposited counterparts, while retaining large plastic deformability (30%) [3].[1] M. Ghidelli et al., Acta Mater., 213, 116955, 2021.[2] F. Bignoli et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 16, 27, 35686–96, 2024.[3] D. Vacirca et al., Submitted to Acta Mater, 2024