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Nonparametric hazard rate estimation with associated kernels and minimax bandwidth choice
No full textIn this paper, we introduce a general theoretical framework for nonparametric hazardrate estimation using associated kernels, whose shapes depend on the point of estimation.Within this framework, we establish rigorous asymptotic results, including a second-orderexpansion of the MISE, and a central limit theorem for the proposed estimator. We alsoprove a new oracle-type inequality for both local and global minimax bandwidth selection,extending the Goldenshluger–Lepski method to the context of associated kernels. Our resultspropose a systematic way to construct and analyze new associated kernels. Finally, we showthat the general framework applies to the Gamma kernel, and we provide several examplesof applications on simulated data and experimental data for the study of aging. </div
Mental distress or psychiatric condition? Exploring the gray area of categorizing psychological suffering among adolescents with obesity: a mixed methods study
No full textInternational audienc
The Shock Effect: How U.S. Global Health Policy Shifts Reshape Health Systems and Research
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT The United States (U.S.) has long played a central role in shaping global health governance, supporting United Nations agencies and funding vital programs and initiatives. However, recent political shifts, including, funding cuts, changing geopolitical priorities and a retreat from multilateralism, are threatening the stability of global health systems and research. This editorial examines the cascading consequences of these shifts, particularly for low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). The U.S. withdrawal is not just a budgetary adjustment, but a significant political disruption with unforeseen effects on global inequities. It also redirects research priorities towards security‐driven agendas and undermines capacity‐building efforts in LMICs. As the U.S. steps back, new actors will try to fill the vacuum, but the direction of this transition remains uncertain. Whether it paves the way for a more decentralised and equitable global health research ecosystem will depend on how global health stakeholders respond. Crucially, LMICs must seize this moment not only to replace lost funding, but to assert greater autonomy, reimagine health systems financing and build more sustainable, locally led models of research and policy leadership. This editorial calls for urgent diversification of funding sources, strengthened South‐South collaborations and increased autonomy for LMICs in setting their own research priorities
Matérialité, accessibilité, frictions : une analyse des dispositifs socio-techniques autour de l’autisme et de la neurodiversité
No full textNeurodiversity social movements, mainly driven by people with autism, claim a different way of communicating, and a sometimes controversial epistemology. These claims are nonetheless manifested via ordinary communication devices (blogs, books, demonstrations), and raise the following issues: what roles do communication devices, their materiality and accessibility, play in controversies around autism and neurodiversity? What is the place of these devices and their accessibility in social science inquiry practices? To answer these questions, the thesis sheds light on data from several (n)ethnographic surveys, using a mixed theoretical framework combining approaches from information and communication sciences, sociology and crip approaches. In particular, it shows that digital devices contribute to normalizing discourses on autism and encourage individuals to mask their disability and their access frictions. It shows how these devices normalize face-to-face interactions, through participatory surveillance, and an attentional and bodily adjustment. In the latter case, it articulates accessibility and table training, opening on the place of institutional tables in social science practices. It concludes with an epistemological reflection on the accessibility of the communication devices mobilized at each stage of the field investigation and insists on the co-constitution of practices in social sciences and controversies around autism and neurodiversity.Les mouvements sociaux de la neurodiversité, surtout portés par des personnes autistes, revendiquent une manière différente de communiquer et une épistémologie parfois controversée. Ces revendications se manifestent néanmoins via des dispositifs de communication ordinaires (blogs, livres, manifestations) et soulèvent les problématiques suivantes : quels rôles les dispositifs de communication, leur matérialité et leur accessibilité, jouent-ils dans les controverses autour de l’autisme et de la neurodiversité ? Quelle est la place de ces dispositifs et de leur accessibilité dans les pratiques d’enquête en sciences sociales ? Pour répondre à ces problématiques, la thèse éclaire les données issues de plusieurs enquêtes (n)ethnographiques à la lumière d’un cadre théorique mixte, combinant approches en sciences de l’information et de la communication, en sociologie, et approches dites crip. Elle montre notamment que les dispositifs numériques contribuent à normaliser les discours sur l’autisme, et incitent les individus à masquer leur handicap et les frictions d’accès. Elle montre comment ces dispositifs normalisent les interactions en face-à-face, à travers une surveillance participative, et un ajustement attentionnel et corporel. Dans ce dernier cas, elle articule accessibilité et entraînement à la table, ouvrant sur la place des tables institutionnelles dans les pratiques en sciences sociales. Elle se termine par une réflexion épistémologique sur l’accessibilité des dispositifs de communication mobilisés à chaque étape de l’enquête de terrain, et insiste sur la co-constitution des pratiques en sciences sociales et des controverses autour de l’autisme et de la neurodiversité
La Fabrique de l’espace religieux en Europe centrale (Xe-XVIe siècle)
No full textInternational audienceor all those interested in historical geography and the structuring role played by medieval Christianity in the territorialisation of power, the area of Central Europe raises a paradox: the Latin Church did not find a pre-existing Antique framework there, nor an urban framework into which it could fit. What criteria of spatial organisation did it apply in this new environment? Analysing the relationship between the Roman centre and the Central European Churches, combining regional and local scales, without forgetting to take into account counter-places and heterotopias, this volume offers a comparative approach to religious landscapes and the different ways in which they were appropriated.Pour qui s’intéresse à la géographie historique et au rôle structurant qu’a joué le christianisme médiéval dans la territorialisation du pouvoir, les espaces d’Europe centrale présentent un paradoxe : l’Église latine n’y a pas trouvé de cadre antique préexistant, ni d’armature urbaine dans laquelle se couler. Quels critères d’organisation spatiale a-t-elle fait prévaloir sur ce terrain neuf ? Analysant les rapports entre le centre romain et les Églises centre-européennes, faisant alterner les échelles régionale et locale, sans oublier de prendre en considération les contre-lieux et les hétérotopies, le volume propose une approche comparative des paysages religieux et de leurs modes différenciés d’appropriation
Predicting transport properties of simple fluids using an extended FMSA model and a Mode-Coupling Theory
No full textInternational audienceA mode-coupling approach proposed by Egorov (J. Chem. Phys. 119 (2003) 4798‑4810 and J. Chem. Phys. 128 (2008) 144508) and combined with the first-order mean spherical approximation (FMSA) of Tang and Lu (J. Chem. Phys. 99 (1993) 9828‑9835) extended by an analytical SEXP approximation has been systematically tested for the prediction of transport properties (shear viscosity and self-diffusion coefficient) of simple fluids (interacting with various Mie n-6 potentials where n ranging from 9 to 24). Calculations were performed over a the full range of fluid density (0 < ρ∗ < 1) and in a wide domain of temperature (1 < T∗ < 4). As a conclusion of this work, this purely predictive model (no adjustable parameters) is favorably compared with the molecular dynamics data related to a large variety of simple spherical molecules and has successfully predicted the shear viscosity and self-diffusion coefficient of the real noble fluids Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe using ab initio pair potentials
Objective Quality Assessment of Full-Scene Resampling-based Coding for VVC Standard
No full textInternational audienceThe Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard integrates advanced tools to improve coding efficiency, including Reference Picture Resampling (RPR). The latter enables dynamic spatial resolution adjustments without requiring the insertion of additional intra-coded frames. However, implementing per frame adaptive resampling in hardware-based VVC encoders poses challenges, leading to potential visual artifacts, especially with frequent resolution changes within a single scene.Nevertheless, maintaining a constant resolution throughout an entire sequence may not always be optimal, as varying frame content could benefit from different coding resolutions. This paper explores Full-Scene Resampling-based Coding (FsRC), a hardware-friendly resampling coding method that dynamicallyadjusts spatial video resolution at scene transitions. We analyze scaling ratios of 1.5 and 2, resulting in sample count reductions of 56% and 75%, respectively, and measure the energy savings and the potential coding efficiency gains. Coding efficiency is evaluated through bitrate savings at equivalent objective metric,the assessed objective metrics including MS-SSIM, VMAF, and PSNR. An exhaustive search establishes the coding efficiency upper bound for FsRC by systematically testing all scaling ratios and selecting the optimal for each encoding, simulating ideal decision-making
Perspective: An overemphasis on vaccines for Mpox skewes important lessons from COVID-19 and the need for public health approaches
No full textInternational audienc
Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia unmasks cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin
No full textInternational audienceLate-onset cardiotoxicity induced by anthracyclines occurs years to decades after completion of anti-cancer therapy and is associated with increased morbi-mortality of cancer survivors. Chemotherapy at the time of treatment probably causes cardiac damages for which the juvenile heart compensate. Co-morbidities happening in the adulthood such as type 1 diabetes (DT1), affect the heart and thus can unmask chemotherapy induced cardiotoxicity. To prove our hypothesis, we induced hyperglycemia [Streptozotocin treatment (STZ), 50 mg/kg/day for 5 days] in 11 weeks old mice who previously received doxorubicin treatment (Dox, 3 mg/kg) when they were six-weeks old. Interestingly, streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in Dox-pretreated mice (Dox-STZ) induced a higher mortality (p < 0.05) and more severe cardiac dysfunction (p < 0.0001) when compared with mice receiving Dox or STZ alone. Apoptosis evaluated by caspase 3 protein expression and Bax/Bcl2 genes expression was higher in Dox-STZ mice compared to STZ or Dox alone. While Dox and STZ independently induced capillary rarefaction, cardiomyocytes atrophy was only induced by STZ. Furthermore, Sirius-red staining of cardiac sections showed higher fibrosis levels (p < 0.0001) in Dox-STZ compared to Dox or STZ alone. All together, these results demonstrate that STZ precipitates and unmask cardiac dysfunction in previously treated Dox animals
Médecines traditionnelles et décolonisation de la santé mondiale. Un exemple ivoirien
No full textInternational audienceLa notion de « décolonisation » est désormais utilisée en santé mondiale pour évoquer le besoin de mieux lutter contre l’influence des oppressions sociales qui influencent directement la possibilité, pour certaines populations, de participer dans les décisions et l’organisation des interventions en santé. L’intégration de « la médecine traditionnelle » aux soins de santé primaires engagée par l’OMS à la fin des années 1970 constitue une étape importante concernant la légitimité des thérapeutes africains dont les savoirs ancrés dans des traditions orales ne concordent pas avec une approche biomédicale de la santé. Cette institutionnalisation est venue inscrire de nouveaux acteurs, pratiques et produits thérapeutiques au sein des systèmes de santé nationaux et étendre le rôle des instances régionales et mondiales (OMS, OMC, OOAS, OAPI) dont le rôle est, en principe, d'accorder l'homogénéisation internationale des régulations les concernant. Ma présentation propose d’examiner comment ces régulations sont dominées par les « régimes biomédicaux » et dans quelle mesure elles engendrent une transformation des produits et des pratiques des praticiens de médecine traditionnelle désireux de s’impliquer dans le système de santé publique de leur pays. Un exemple ivoirien sera développé avec un extrait de mon film de recherche intitulé Comme un arbre dans la ville (2023)