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review of:Nicholas Sims-Williams (with contributions by Frantz Grenet):<i>The "Ancient Letters" and other Early Sogdian documents and inscriptions</i>. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, 2023 (Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum II, vol. III/V)
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Exploring eight-year trajectories of diet-related environmental pressures in the NutriNet-Santé cohort
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Few studies have explored individual diet-related environmental pressure changes, beyond greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) and land occupation (LO). This study evaluates the trajectories in several environmental impacts of diets among 8,905 French adults from the NutriNet-Santé cohort, who completed food frequency questionnaires (distinguishing organic vs. conventional foods) in 2014, 2018, and 2022. Six environmental indicators—GHGe, LO, energy demand, ecological infrastructure use, water use, and pesticide use—were estimated at the farm perimeter using a multi-source approach. Latent class models identified trajectories for a composite environmental pressure index (EPI) and each indicator, and mixed models adjusted for energy intake and sex modeled the trajectories. On average, most environmental pressures decreased over time (e.g., GHGe by -12%, water use by -1%), indicating a general improvement. However, ecological infrastructure also declined (-9%), which represents a negative outcome as it is linked to biodiversity. Two to four trajectory profiles were identified per indicator, with most individuals showing stable or modestly decreasing trends. Four EPI trajectories emerged: increasing EPI profiles were associated with higher meat consumption, whereas decreasing EPI reflected shifts toward more plant-based diets. Despite potential awareness of the importance of sustainable diets, this study reveals that most individuals show moderate improvements in their diet-related environmental pressures, with only a very small fraction showing important decreases
Cueillir des plantes dans le Grand Paris. Un compagnonnage avec la flore urbaine à rebours des catégories végétales
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Toward perioperative, numerically assisted irreversible electroporation for hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical outcomes informed by numerical simulations
No full textInternational audienceObjectives Numerical evaluation of irreversible electroporation (IRE) holds significant potential to assist practitioners in planning and guiding these complex procedures. We aimed to establish a correlation between the results of retrospective numerical simulations of IRE and clinical outcomes in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and methods IRE procedures conducted at our center for HCCs < 5 cm were reconstructed. Per-procedural imaging was used to generate a 3D geometric model of the tumor and its surroundings. The spatial coordinates of electrodes and treatment parameters were used to retrospectively simulate the EF using the static linear model. The proportion of tumor volume encompassed by 3D mappings of different EF magnitudes was correlated with clinical efficacy using a logistic regression algorithm. Results 31 IRE procedures were included. HCCs had a median diameter of 20 mm (range: 7-45 mm). At 1 month, 29/ 31 tumors (93.5%) showed complete ablation, but 10 of these recurred later (median delay: 7 months). The percentages of tumor coverage by EF isolines were significantly lower in the 12 cases of local IRE failure compared to the 19 cases of IRE success: 97.7% vs. 100% at 300 V/cm (p < 0.001); 89.7% vs. 100% at 400 V/cm (p < 0.001) and 82.8% vs. 95.4% at 500 V/cm (p < 0.01) with 400 V/cm being the most discriminative threshold dose (ROC-AUC: 0.904). Tumor coverage < 95% by the 400 V/cm isoline was associated with IRE failure (2-year incidence: 89% vs. 21.7%, p < 0.0001). Conclusion Numerical simulations of IRE correlate with local treatment outcomes. This study suggests that, in HCC, inadequate tumor coverage by the 400 V/cm isoline predicts and localizes recurrence. Key PointsQuestion Can the clinical outcomes of irreversible electroporation for hepatocellular carcinoma be predicted using numerical simulation of the electric field (EF) distribution? Findings Inadequate tumor coverage by simulated EF maps predicts and localizes recurrence, with 400 V/cm being the most discriminative isodose threshold (ROC-AUC > 0.9). Clinical relevance Numerical simulations of the electric field correlate with local treatment outcomes of irreversible electroporation for hepatocellular carcinoma within a computational framework compatible with clinical use. Real-time identification of insufficient tumor coverage can enable operators to adapt and optimize treatment delivery.</div
SAT-374-YI Health related quality of life in patients with porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder
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Bridging the Gap: How Distance to Hospitals Limits HCV Treatment Initiation in France
No full textInternational audienceLETTER TO THE EDITORIn their recent study, Ouzan et al. [1] showed the feasibility and effectiveness of simplified, non-specialist-led models for hepatitis C care in France and advocated for targeted training of non-specialists to facilitate treatment prescription, minimise unnecessary specialist referrals, and reach marginalised and high-risk populations. They recalled..
Sex work in Bolivia during the Covid-19 crisis: intersectional impact and adaptative strategies
No full textInternational audienceINTRODUCTIONSex workers (SWs) are at the forefront of economic, social, and health crises. In Bolivia, they are an HIV-key population, with the highest prevalence rate after transgender-women. This research examines how Covid-19 crisis worsened intersecting inequalities, shaped new sex work (SW) configurations, and prompted collective and individual strategies to navigate the crisis within a context of abolitionist and hygienist policies.METHODSThis research is based on 29 qualitative interviews with SWs (Bolivia, August 2020-May 2021). Data were collected as part of the EPIC community-based research project, implemented in Bolivia by IpDH. The project assessed the Covid-19 crisis's impact on HIV-vulnerable populations. A thematic content analysis using NVivo® combines a community-based approach with insights from gender studies, through an intersectional perspective.RESULTSAmong the 29 participants (median age: 32), 15 identified as cisgender-women, 10 as cisgender-men, and 4 as transgender-women. Eight participants were living with HIV.Five main themes were identified: I) Economic vulnerability: The Covid-19 crisis deepened economic hardships for SWs, causing food and housing insecurity. In the absence of government response, community networks and mutual aid helped meet basic needs. II) Reorganisation of SW: Pandemic-related restrictions forced SWs to adjust schedules, work at clients' homes, or explore online-SW. While these strategies enabled work, they increased Covid-19 risk and exposure to client/police violence. III) HIV/STI risk and testing: Restrictions weakened SWs negotiation power with clients over condom and risk practices. Community organisations supported prevention and treatment by distributing condoms, lubricants, and ARVs, providing phone-based psychological support, and enabling private testing. Women, often through SWs and trans collectives, and men living with HIV accessed these services more easily, while other men remained disconnected. IV) The role of the ‘health card’: In Bolivia, a ‘health card’ is mandatory for legal SW, requiring regular gynaecological check-ups and HIV/STI testing. Many SWs, including all male participants, operate clandestinely. Some women viewed the card as a source of legitimacy and security, others saw it as state control over their bodies. Its suspension during the pandemic intensified tensions. Male SWs, excluded from this system, felt unrepresented by SWs collectives and dominant narratives, encountering distinct forms of oppression. This is also true for transgender-women, for whom SW was a temporary/supplementary activity. V) Motherhood: Most cisgender-women were mothers, facing a dual stigma of both "bad mothers" and "whores", reinforced by institutional norms. Many reported increased domestic violence during the pandemic, revealing how societal control and structural inequalities combine to subordinate them as women and mothers.CONCLUSIONThis research highlights how economic precarity and structural violence, worsened by the pandemic, intersect with state control over SWs in Bolivia. It also emphasizes SWs' resilience and mutual aid strategies. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the study provides insights into the interplay between public health crises and gender dynamics, stressing the need for gendered public health policies and recognizing the diversity of SWs' experiences
