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THE DERRIDA-RETAUX MODEL ON A GEOMETRIC GALTON-WATSON TREE
No full textWe consider a generalized Derrida-Retaux model on a Galton-Watson tree with a geometric offspring distribution. For a class of recursive systems, including the Derrida-Retaux model with either a geometric or exponential initial distribution, we characterize the critical curve using an involution-type equation and prove that the free energy satisfies the Derrida-Retaux conjecture
Le code pénal face à la manipulation des opinions par voie de recommandations faussées
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Renal replacement therapy in ICU: from conservative to restrictive strategy
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The Role of Reflection for Continuing Professional Development of In-Service Health Care Professionals: A Narrative Inquiry in Four Health Professions
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Health care providers (HCPs) use reflection to intervene in complex, ambiguous clinical situations. Yet, there is scant evidence about the circumstances when HCPs use reflection and how they perceive reflection within their continuing professional development. We selected a narrative inquiry approach to study how HCPs perceive reflection's role in learning in four health professions. Methods: We invited 26 health professionals to a narrative interview conducted by a student in one of the four selected professions: medicine, nursing, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology. The narrative events that make up the stories were analyzed and interpreted using structural analysis based on the narratives' historic-empirical and psycho-semantic dimensions. Results: Physicians told us that reflection bolsters their clinical performance and confidence. Nurses told us that reflection allowed them to develop resilience as they sought to integrate their work setting and gain autonomy. Occupational therapists spoke of how reflection spurred them to innovate and extend the scope of their practice to advocate for their patients' health better. Speech-language pathologists described how they reflect on “educating” other HCPs about their profession and enhancing their communication skills with patients. Discussion: The communicative power of storytelling allowed us to fathom what is hard to describe in words: how reflection builds clinical and psychosocial skills and introspective capacity. Hence, findings provide empirical evidence of reflection's perceived role in maintaining professional skills that make HCPs effective in complex, ambiguous situations
La CJUE impose la reconnaissance des changements de sexe dans l'Union européenne : une décision historique… mais dangereuse
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Strain phylogroup and environmental constraints shape Escherichia coli dynamics and diversity over a 20-year human gut time series
No full textInternational audienceEscherichia coli is an increasingly antibiotic-resistant opportunistic pathogen. Few data are available on its ecological and evolutionary dynamics in its primary commensal niche, the vertebrate gut. Using Illumina and/or Nanopore technologies, we sequenced whole genomes of 210 E. coli isolates from 22 stools sampled during a 20-year period from a healthy man (ED) living in Paris, France. All phylogroups, except C, were represented, with a predominance of B2 (34.3%), followed by A and F (19% each) phylogroups. Thirty-five clones were identified based on their haplogroup and pairwise genomic single nucleotide polymorphism distance and classified in three phenotypes according to their abundance and residence time: 25 sub-dominant/transient (52 isolates), five dominant/transient (48 isolates) and five dominant/resident (110 isolates). Four over five dominant/resident clones belonged to B2 and closely related F phylogroups, whereas sub-dominant/transient clones belonged mainly to B1, A and D phylogroups. The long residence times of B2 clones seemed to be counterbalanced by lower colonization abilities. Clones with larger within-host frequency persisted for longer. By comparing ED strain genomes to a collection of commensal E. coli genomes from 359 French individuals, we identified ED-specific genomic properties including an enrichment in genes involved in a metabolic pathway (mhp cluster) and the presence of a very rare antiviral defense island. The E. coli colonization within the gut microbiota was shaped by both the intrinsic properties of the strain lineages, in particular longer residence of phylogroup B2, and the environmental constraints such as diet or phages
Verbless questions in oral monologic discourse
No full textInternational audienceRecent studies of written corpora have shown that the variation between the presence and the absence of the verb is a particularly sensitive issue for questions in English. Extending the analysis to oral monologic discourse, this paper explores the form and discourse function of verbless questions in a corpus of TED Talks. The results show a proportion of verbless questions to verbless sentences that is typical of dialogical written discourse, suggesting that TED Talks represent a speaker-controlled dialogically motivated type of discourse. The observed correlation with antecedent-based ellipsis suggests that verbless questions involve stronger speaker commitment and a lighter cognitive load on the addressee in terms of pragmatic implicature than verbless sentences. Verbless questions also tend to be marked solely by intonation, be immediately answered by the speaker, and assume interlocutive intent
