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How a quantitative biographical approach can help in understanding the complex intersections of breast cancer, migration and gender ? The case of the SENOVIE France study
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Effets de l’hypoxie et de l’activité physique, seules ou en combinaison différée, sur les paramètres glycémiques, la pression artérielle et la variabilité de fréquence cardiaque, chez des personnes saines et vivant avec un diabète de type 2.
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Toward Better Optimization of Low-Dose CT Enhancement: A Critical Analysis of Loss Functions and Image Quality Assessment Metrics
No full textLow-dose CT (LDCT) imaging is widely used to reduce radiation exposure to mitigate high exposure side effects, but often suffers from noise and artifacts that affect diagnostic accuracy. To tackle this issue, deep learning models have been developed to enhance LDCT images. Various loss functions have been employed, including classical approaches such as Mean Square Error and adversarial losses, as well as customized loss functions(LFs) designed for specific architectures. Although these models achieve remarkable performance in terms of PSNR and SSIM, these metrics are limited in their ability to reflect perceptual quality, especially for medical images. In this paper, we focus on one of the most critical elements of DL-based architectures, namely the loss function. We conduct an objective analysis of the relevance of different loss-functions for LDCT image quality enhancement and their consistency with image quality metrics. Our findings reveal inconsistencies between LFs and quality metrics, and highlight the need of consideration of image quality metrics when developing a new loss function for image quality enhancement.</div
An insight into the characterization of L2 Beijing multi-drug resistant tuberculosis: Description of resistance-associated-variants and discovery of Modern 7 L2 sublineage
No full textInternational audienceDrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) complicates global efforts toward TB elimination. However, the introduction of new and repurposed drugs-particularly the all-oral BPaL regimen (bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid)has raised hopes due to its favorable treatment outcomes for multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drugresistant (XDR) TB. Susceptibility to these new drugs may vary depending on the lineage of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strain. Within the framework of a research project investigating the association between potential resistance-associated nucleotide variants and MTB lineages, we used the proprietary pipeline TB-Annotator to analyze 125,000 publicly available Short Read Archive datasets from NCBI.We identified 65 mutations across 65 clonal complexes of the lineage 2 (L2), that share at least one SNP within a list of 14 genes potentially involved in drug resistance to BPaL. During this large-scale genomic screening, we identified a previously uncharacterized clonal complex of 49 SRAs that did not belong to any previously described ancient or modern L2-sublineages (modern 1 to modern 6). We therefore performed a comparative genomic analysis on a representative set of L2 isolates to fully characterize this group. These 49 SRAs are found in an independent branch of the L2 phylogenetic tree. They share 4 SNPs, including an Ile-to-Leu substitution in the product of fbiD, and are organized into two subclusters, with an intra-sublineage SNP distance of around 150 ± 50 SNPs. We named this novel sublineage L2.2-M7. Further functional validation-through phenotypic drug susceptibility testing and gene replacement-is needed to determine whether this fbiD mutation confers resistance to pretomanid. Global genomic surveillance of this emerging sublineage is warranted to monitor its spread and clinical relevance in the era of new TB treatment regimens.La tuberculose multirésistance (MDR-TB) complique les efforts mondiaux visant à éliminer la TB. Cependant, l'introduction de nouveaux médicaments et de médicaments redirigés vers de nouvelles applications, en particulier le traitement entièrement oral par BPaL (bédaquiline, prétomanide et linézolide), a suscité de l'espoir en raison de ses résultats thérapeutiques favorables pour la TB multirésistante (MDR) et ultrarésistante (XDR). La sensibilité à ces nouveaux médicaments peut varier en fonction de la lignée de la souche de Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Dans le cadre d'un projet de recherche étudiant l'association entre les variants nucléotidiques potentiellement associés à la résistance et les lignées de MTB, nous avons utilisé le pipeline propriétaire TB-Annotator pour analyser 125000 données génomiques (Short Read Archive) accessibles au public provenant du NCBI. Nous avons identifié 65 mutations dans 65 complexes clonaux de la lignée 2 (L2), qui partagent au moins un SNP dans une liste de 14 gènes potentiellement impliqués dans la résistance aux médicaments BPaL. Au cours de ce criblage génomique à grande échelle, nous avons identifié un complexe clonal non caractérisé auparavant de 49 SRA qui n'appartenait à aucune sous-lignée L2 ancienne ou moderne décrite précédemment (modernes 1 à modernes 6). Nous avons effectué une analyse génomique comparative sur un ensemble représentatif d'isolats L2 afin de caractériser pleinement ce groupe. Ces 49 SRA se trouvent dans une branche indépendante de l'arbre phylogénétique L2. Ils partagent 4 SNP, dont une substitution Ile-Leu dans le produit de fbiD, et sont organisés en deux sous-clusters, avec une distance SNP intra-sous-lignée d'environ 150 ± 50 SNP. Nous avons nommé cette nouvelle sous-lignée L2.2-M7. Une validation fonctionnelle supplémentaire, par des tests de sensibilité phénotypique aux médicaments et le remplacement de gènes, est nécessaire pour déterminer si cette mutation fbiD confère bien une résistance au prétomanide. Une surveillance génomique mondiale de cette sous-lignée émergente est nécessaire pour suivre sa propagation à l'ère des nouveaux schémas thérapeutiques contre la tuberculose
Trunk Acceleration Asymmetries in Transfemoral and Transtibial Amputee Runners
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A blockchain-based framework for secure data sharing and access control using IPFS and ECC
No full textInternational audienceOutsourcing data to the cloud offers several key advantages, including improved reliability, scalability, and cost efficiency. However, the exponential increase in global data generation has made the protection of sensitive information and secure data sharing increasingly complex and critical. Traditional models of cloud storage and data sharing often depend on centralized platforms or trusted third-party providers to manage access control and secure storage. These centralized approaches are prone to single points of failure and may expose data to privacy breaches or theft resulting from attacks on central servers. This paper proposes a decentralized architecture designed to enhance data sharing security and access control in untrusted cloud environments. Our approach leverages blockchain technology to establish a transparent and tamper-resistant ledger for data transactions, and introduces a decentralized system for authentication and authorization based on trust. The architecture integrates several robust encryption algorithms to protect cloud-stored data against diverse attack vectors. Files are encrypted locally using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) before being uploaded to the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), while their metadata is recorded on the blockchain via smart contracts. A data verification mechanism, based on the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) and timestamps, prevents replay attacks and detects unauthorized data modifications. Furthermore, the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithm secures key management and restricts data access to authorized users. Security analysis demonstrates that the proposed system meets its design goals, and comparisons with related architectures highlight its superior performance in terms of both computational and communication efficiency
Apprentissages et formes de réversibilités des vulnérabilités en contexte éducatif pluriel
No full textEffectiveness of nirsevimab against hospitalisation for RSV-bronchiolitis during high RSV-B circulation in the second year of nationwide implementation in France: a test-negative case-control
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundNirsevimab was first introduced in September 2023, showing strong real-world effectiveness in preventing hospitalised RSV-bronchiolitis. RSV-A circulation predominated during 2023–2024, whereas RSV-B was frequent in 2024–2025. Recent reports indicated resistance to nirsevimab in RSV-B strains in France. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of large-scale nirsevimab implementation against hospitalised RSV-bronchiolitis during high RSV-B circulation.MethodsA test-negative case-control study was conducted using a national hospital-based surveillance system. All children <12 months hospitalised for bronchiolitis and tested for RSV in 12 French hospitals from October 10, 2024 to March 15, 2025, were included. Cases were RSV-positive bronchiolitis; controls were RSV-negative bronchiolitis. Effectiveness was assessed by a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for confounders (sex, gestational age at birth, birth weight, risk factors for severe bronchiolitis, month of diagnosis, and medical centre). A range of sensitivity analyses was conducted.Findings1270 patients were included; among which 830 (65.3%) were RSV-positive and 440 (34.7%) were RSV-negative bronchiolitis. The male-to-female sex ratio was 1.35, and the median age was 3 months (IQR: 1.5–5.6). Among cases, 182 (22.0%) received nirsevimab, compared to 282 (64.1%) for controls. Adjusted effectiveness against RSV-bronchiolitis was 84.9% (95% CI, 80.0–88.6). Subgroup analyses by age and severity (intensive care unit admission, respiratory support) showed consistent results, along with sensitivity analyses.InterpretationDespite high RSV-B circulation, which has recently been identified to carry mutations potentially inducing resistance to nirsevimab, the effectiveness of the second national nirsevimab campaign against hospitalisation for RSV-bronchiolitis remained high.FundingThe study received financial support from Sanofi, AstraZeneca, and the 2023 ATIP-Avenir grant from the National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm)
Continuous wave tunable laser from 616 nm to 637 nm based on a compact sum frequency generation setup
No full textInternational audienceWe report on a compact sum frequency generation (SFG) setup generating continuously tunable single-frequency visible radiation from 616 nm to 637 nm, starting from two tunable laser sources at 1 µm and 1.5 µm. We compare two types of crystals: periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) and periodically poled magnesium oxide-doped lithium niobate (PPMgOLN), both custom-made such that the tunability range is achieved via temperature control only. We achieve a Watt level of power over the entire tunability range in PPMgOLN, with a mode profile enabling 80% coupling efficiency in a single-mode fiber, limited by the IR sources' tunability, while keeping the system easy to operate
Integration theory of lie-graph algebras
No full textWe develop the Lie theory of Lie-admissible algebras whose product is enriched with higher operations modeled on directed graphs with a view to apply it to the deformation theories controlled by this kind of Lie algebras. We produce effective formulas for their exponential map, their gauge group structure and the action on Maurer-Cartan elements. The main motivation and range of applications lies in the deformation theory of types of bialgebras which is done in a sequel article. This work extends the case of pre-Lie algebra structures which appear in the deformation theory of operadic algebras