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Spectroscopic measurements of the Rydberg-surface Casimir-Polderinteraction
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Comparative analysis of clinical profile, therapeutic management, and clinical prognosis of patients with seropositive or seronegative rheumatoid arthritis following the introduction of a first targeted therapy in a real-life setting
No full textInternational audienceAbstractObjectivesTo evaluate clinical prognosis following the introduction of a first targeted therapy (TT) according to the serological profile of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to analyze differences in efficacy of TT.MethodThis single-center retrospective study included patients with RA who received a first TT between 2000 and 2020. Patients were seropositive (IgM and/or IgA rheumatoid factors plus anti-CCP) or seronegative (without autoantibodies). Various data were collected at baseline and during follow-up. The primary endpoint was remission (assessed by DAS28) at one and two years.ResultsAmong 259 patients, 164 (63.3%) were seropositive and presented higher disease activity and more frequent erosive involvement than seronegative patients at TT introduction. The most prescribed first TTs were etanercept for seronegative RA (47 ([49.5%) versus 41 (25%), p < 0.001) and abatacept for seropositive RA (41 (25%) versus 6 (6.3%), p < 0.001). Remission rates and TT switches were not significantly different between groups. Initial DAS28-CRP and number of painful joints were independent prognostic factors associated with absence of remission at one year (OR 0.46 (0.26, 0.80), p = 0.007) and two years (OR 0.90 (0.82, 0.98), p = 0.027) respectively. Among seropositive patients, the two-year remission rate was not significantly different according to the therapeutic class received (cellular- versus cytokine-targeted).ConclusionsPatients with seropositive RA showed more active and severe disease than patients with seronegative RA at the introduction of a first TT. Although the choice of the first TT varied according to serological profile and time of analysis, clinical prognosis at one and two years was similar between groups
On a reaction–diffusion system modeling strong competition between two mosquito populations
No full textInternational audienceThis paper is devoted to the analysis of a reaction-diffusion system with strong competition and spatial heterogeneities modelling the interaction between two species of mosquitoes. In particular, we propose a mathematical model that accounts for the spatial segregation observed between two species of mosquito vectors of numerous viruses. Indeed, it has been observed that, in tropical regions, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are well established in urban areas whereas Aedes albopictus mosquitoes spread widely in forest regions. Moreover, these species of mosquitoes compete with each other in the larval stage. Based on these observations, we introduce a simple mathematical model to account for this phenomenon. This model consists of a system of reaction-diffusion equations describing the dynamics of the aquatic and aerial phases of each species in a spatially heterogeneous environment. The competition takes place at the aquatic phase and is assumed to be strong which allows us to reduce the dimensionality of the system. We first establish a sufficient condition on the parameters to prevent one species from invading another in a homogeneous environment. Next, using this sufficient condition, we show that spatial segregation may be observed in a spatially heterogeneous environment. Our theoretical results are also illustrated by some numerical simulations
Dental needs in patients with Sjögren's disease compared to the general population: A cross-sectional study
No full textInternational audienceObjectives: To describe the dental health status of patients with Sjögren’s disease (SD), particularly as concerns care needs, coronal restoration quality, the prevalence of caries and wear lesions, relative to the general population from the RESTO DATA study.Materials and methods: Thirty-eight patients with SD were recruited during specialist consultations at Brest University Hospital and Charles Foix Hospital in Paris between December 2020 and December 2021. A questionnaire was used to record data for dental risk factors. Dental health status was assessed with the DMF-T index, ICDAS score, and the BEWE coding system, and oral health-related quality of life was assessed with the OHIP-14. The Xerostomia Inventory was used to evaluate xerostomia symptoms. Unstimulated and stimulated salivary flows were measured, together with saliva pH and buffering capacity.Results: The SD patients had more visible heavy dental plaque on teeth, a high prevalence of non-cavitated carious lesions, a large number of restored teeth, a high prevalence of cervical lesions, secondary caries, restoration failure, and a high percentage of wear lesions, despite regular attendance and correct eating habits. In the SD population, the characteristics of carious and wear lesions and the status of restorations were influenced by salivary flows. The SD population had a significantly poorer oral quality of life.Conclusions: These results confirm that SD is associated with oral health issues, with increases in the risks of carious lesions, wear lesions, and restoration failures. These findings could serve as early warning signs for oral healthcare professionals in the context of Sjögren's disease diagnosis
X-Linked Hypophosphatemia Management in Adults: An International Working Group Clinical Practice Guideline
No full textInternational audiencePurpose: An international working group (IWG) consisting of experts in X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) developed global guidelines providing a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to XLH diagnosis, management, and monitoring. Methods:The IWG, consisting of 43 members as well as methodologists and a patient partner, conducted 2 systematic reviews (SRs) and narrative reviews to address key areas. The SRs addressed the impact of burosumab compared to conventional therapy (phosphate and active vitamin D) or no therapy on patient-important outcomes in adults. They also evaluated conventional therapy compared to no therapy. GRADE methodology was applied to evaluate the certainty of evidence. Non-GRADED recommendations were made in the presence of insufficient evidence to conduct SRs. These guidelines have been reviewed and endorsed by several medical and patient societies and organizations. Results:The diagnosis of XLH is based on integrating clinical evaluation, laboratory findings confirming renal phosphate wasting (following exclusion of conditions mimicking XLH), and skeletal imaging. Fibroblast growth factor 23 measurement and DNA analysis are of value in the diagnosis, if available. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the PHEX gene are confirmatory but not necessary for the diagnosis. Management requires a multidisciplinary team knowledgeable and experienced in XLH. Effective medical therapy with burosumab can improve fracture and pseudofracture healing. Main Conclusion:In adults with XLH and fractures or pseudofractures, burosumab is recommended over no therapy (strong recommendation, GRADEd). Additionally, burosumab is suggested as the preferred treatment compared to conventional therapy (conditional recommendation, GRADEd) in the absence of fractures or pseudofractures. If burosumab is not available, symptomatic adults should be treated with conventional therapy (Non-GRADEd recommendation).</div
Perte automatique de la nationalité française par les femmes acquérant une nationalité étrangère : inconstitutionnalité d'anciennes dispositions
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La propagande par le fétiche : la Jeunesse communiste et le disque (1955-1965)
No full textInternational audienceWith the onset of its cultural aggiornamento, the French Communist Youth’s changed its relationship with records. As part of its “propaganda material,” records reproducing speeches by leaders were originally intended to serve the mobilizations of the moment and the structuring of movement’s cells, while ideologically homogenous music was promoted as healthy entertainment for young people. In contrast, listening to capitalist merchandise infused with deleterious content had to be controlled through aesthetic, moral, or anti-fetishistic criticism. But, in the late 1950s, as records were now at the center of new forms of youth sociabilities that escaped traditional supervision, the organization deployed a new strategy aimed at integrating them into its propaganda apparatus, shifting from a regime of control and prescription to one based on dialogue and hybridization of its militant organization.Avec l’avènement de son aggiornamento culturel, la Jeunesse communiste a transformé son rapport aux phonogrammes. Élément du « matériel de propagande », le disque reproduisant des discours de dirigeants devait d’abord servir les mobilisations du moment et la structuration des cercles et foyers jeunes communistes, quand le disque musical idéologiquement conforme était promu comme divertissement sain pour la jeunesse. Par contraste, il fallait gouverner l’écoute de la marchandise capitaliste aux contenus délétères, à l’aide d’un discours critique, d’ordre esthétique, moral ou antifétichiste. Mais comme le disque devient à partir de la fin des années 1950 une médiation centrale de nouvelles sociabilités jeunes constituées à l’écart des tutelles traditionnelles, la JC déploie une nouvelle stratégie, qui vise à intégrer celles-ci à son dispositif propagandiste, et bascule d’un régime de contrôle et de prescription à un autre, fondé sur le dialogue et l’hybridation de son organisation militante
Mathematical study of the spread and blocking in inflammatory bowel disease
No full textInternational audienceUlcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are chronic inflammatory diseases that affect the digestive tract, causing daily discomfort. Although symptoms are similar, the modes of disease propagation are different. CD spreads discontinuously and excavating along the digestive tract, while UC spreads continuously and superficially, affecting a uniform area from the rectum to different parts of the colon. In our research work, we are interested in studying a mathematical model of inflammation caused by Inflammatory Bowel Disease that has been developed by Nadin and al. in the Journal of Mathematical Biology in 2021 with modifications. It is a reaction-diffusion system governing the dynamics of a pathogen in interaction with immune cells. The first study focuses on the existence of propagation waves for such a system in a homogeneous medium, the second study focuses on blocking these waves in a heterogeneous medium. We will use numerical simulations to highlight these theoretical results
Incremental clustering based on Wasserstein distance between histogram models
No full textInternational audienceIn this article, we present an innovative clustering framework designed for large datasets and real-time data streams which uses a sliding window and histogram model to address the challenge of memory congestion while reducing computational complexity and improving cluster quality for both static and dynamic clustering. The framework provides a simple way to characterize the probability distribution of cluster distributions through histogram models, regardless of their distribution type. This advantage allows for efficient use with various conventional clustering algorithms. To facilitate effective clustering across windows, we use a statistical measure that allows the comparison and merging of different clusters based on the calculation of the Wasserstein distance between histograms
Discrimination linguistique, sociale et raciale. Une approche énactive en Caraïbe colombienne
No full textInternational audienceAnchored in the multilingual and multicultural region of the Colombian Caribbean coast, this study highlights how linguistic variation can serve as a powerful mechanism of social differentiation, given that phonetic differences, far from being perceived neutrally, are semiotized and reinterpreted through social, historical, and racial lenses. Drawing on an enactive approach, the author reveals that speakers do not merely decode phonetic data but actively contribute to its interpretation, which is shaped by stereotypes and local discourses. From this perspective, the case of assimilatory gemination (the "beaten speech"), perceived and negatively commented on only when associated with certain groups, is particularly significant. Through a methodology combining situated observations, surveys, and discourse analysis, this book offers an innovative perspective on (epi)linguistic discrimination processes and their role in structuring social relations.Anclado en la región plurilingüe y multicultural de la costa caribeña colombiana, este estudio muestra hasta qué punto la variación lingüística puede constituir un poderoso mecanismo de diferenciación social, en la medida en que las diferencias fónicas, lejos de ser percibidas de manera neutral, son semiotizadas y reinterpretadas a través de prismas sociales, históricos y raciales. Basándose en un enfoque enactivo, la autora revela que los hablantes no se limitan a decodificar datos fónicos, sino que participan activamente en su interpretación, la cual está moldeada por estereotipos y discursos locales. Desde esta perspectiva, el ejemplo de las geminaciones asimilatorias (el "habla golpeada"), percibidas y comentadas negativamente solo cuando se asocian con ciertos grupos, resulta especialmente significativo. A través de una metodología que combina observaciones situadas, encuestas y análisis del discurso, esta obra ofrece una visión innovadora sobre los procesos de discriminación (epi)lingüística y su papel en la estructuración de las relaciones sociales.Ancrée dans la région plurilingue et multiculturelle de la côte caraïbe colombienne, cette étude montre combien la variation linguistique peut constituer un puissant levier de différenciation sociale, dans la mesure où les écarts phoniques, loin d’être perçus de manière neutre, sont sémiotisés et réinterprétés à travers des prismes sociaux, historiques et raciaux. S’appuyant sur une approche énactive, l’autrice révèle ainsi que les locuteurs ne se contentent pas de décoder des données phoniques, mais participent activement à leur interprétation, laquelle est façonnée par des stéréotypes et des discours locaux. De ce point de vue, l’exemple des géminations assimilatrices (le "parler frappé"), perçues et commentées négativement uniquement lorsqu’elles sont associées à certains groupes, est particulièrement significatif. Grâce à une méthodologie combinant observations situées, enquêtes et analyse de discours, cet ouvrage propose un éclairage novateur sur les processus de discrimination (épi)linguistique et leur rôle dans la structuration des rapports sociaux