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Computing an Approximating Version of a Minimum-Size Explanation for Boolean Decision Tree Classifiers
No full textIn this work, we tackle the problem of approximating minimum-size explanations for decision trees using a greedy algorithm with guarantees. Calculating a minimum-size abductive explanation can be a timeconsuming task due to several factors. First, the combinatorial explosion of possible abductive explanations makes finding the minimum-size explanation extremely costly, even for restricted classifier families like decision trees. Indeed, finding a minimum-size abductive explanation for decision trees is an NP-hard problem, meaning that exact approaches can be very time-consuming, particularly for hard instances and high dimensional inputs. This adds additional complexity and time to the process of finding the minimum-size explanation. Faced with these complexity challenges, approximate or heuristic approaches are often used to reduce computational load and obtain results more quickly, even if this comes at the cost of solution optimality. In this work, we propose a greedy algorithm to efficiently approximate minimum-size abductive explanations. Based on various experiments aimed at explaining decision tree predictions, we show that for difficult-toexplain instances, our greedy algorithm provides an effective alternative to exact approaches based on SAT encodings
Cross-sectional associations between healthy and unhealthy plant-based diets and metabolic syndrome in three distinct French populations, a meta-analysis
No full textInternational audiencePrior studies have shown that plant-based diets are associated with lower cardiovascular risk. However, these diets encompass a large diversity of foods with contrasted nutritional quality that may differentially impact health. We aimed to investigate the pooled cross-sectional association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components, and healthy and unhealthy plant-based diet indices (hPDI and uPDI), using data from two French cohorts and one representative study from the French population. This study included 16,358 participants from the NutriNet-Santé study, 1,769 participants from the Esteban study and 1,565 participants from the STANISLAS study who underwent a clinical visit. The MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation definition. The associations between these plant-based diet indices and MetS were estimated by multivariable Poisson and logistic regression models, stratified by gender. Meta-analysis enabled the computation of a pooled Prevalence Ratio. A higher contribution of healthy plant foods (higher hPDI) was associated with a lower probability of having MetS (PR men : 0.85; 95% CI: 0.75–0.94, PR women : 0.72; 95% CI: 0.67–0.77), elevated waist circumferences and elevated blood pressure. In women, a higher hPDI was associated with a lower probability of having elevated triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterolemia and hyperglycemia; and a higher contribution of unhealthy plant foods was associated with a higher prevalence of MetS (PR women : 1.13; 95% CI: 1.01–1.26) and elevated triglycerides. A greater contribution of healthy plant floods was associated with protective effects on metabolic syndrome, especially in women. Gender differences should be further investigated in relation to the current sustainable nutrition transition
Cameroun : précision sur les obligations attachées à l’exercice des droits miniers et de carrière: Commentaire du décret n° 2024/05249/PM, 19 nov. 2024.
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Mali : renforcement de la lutte contre le blanchiment des capitaux, le financement du terrorisme et de la prolifération des armes de destruction massive: Commentaire de l’Ordonnance n° 2024-011/PT-RM, 30 août 2024, portant lutte contre le blanchiment de capitaux, le financement du terrorisme et de la prolifération des armes de destruction massive.
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Côte d’Ivoire : attention à ne pas confondre la juridiction du premier président de la cour d'appel avec celle de la cour proprement dite ! Note sous CA com. Abidjan, 25 juill. 2024, n° 277/2024
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Patrimonios alimentarios en América Latina : enfrentar las desigualdades y los cambios globales [dossier]
No full textA través de seis estudios de casos de América Latina, este número especial refleja algunas de las facetas más significativas de la patrimonialización de la alimentación. Los autores se centran en las múltiples formas en que el concepto de «patrimonio», promovido inicialmente por la Unesco, se ha transformado en una herramienta de acción para oponerse al desarrollo patrimonial o, más frecuentemente, para valorizar o dar visibilidad a espacios, bienes, prácticas, reivindicaciones o representaciones locales relacionadas con la alimentación
Barème « Macron » vs Convention 158 OIT : brève analyse d’un duel au sommet, note sous Cass. soc., 11 mai 2022, no 21-14.490
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Conjectures and results on modular representations of for a -adic field
No full textInternational audienceLet be a prime number and a finite extension of . We state conjectures on the smooth representations of that occur in spaces of mod automorphic forms (for compact unitary groups). In particular, when is unramified, we conjecture that they are of finite length and predict their internal structure (extensions, form of subquotients) from the structure of a certain algebraic representation of . When and is unramified, we prove several cases of our conjectures, including new finite length results
Multivariable -modules and local-global compatibility
No full textInternational audienceLet be a prime number, a finite unramified extension of and a finite extension of . Using perfectoid spaces we associate to any finite dimensional continuous representation of over an étale -module over a completed localization of . We conjecture that one can also associate an étale -module to any smooth representation of occurring in some Hecke eigenspace of the mod cohomology of a Shimura curve, and that moreover is isomorphic (up to twist) to , where is the underlying 2-dimensional representation of . Using previous work of the same authors, we prove this conjecture when is semi-simple and sufficiently generic
Filter bubbles as a vector of tradition? Decoding opinion dynamics with agent-based modelling
No full textInternational audienceThis paper investigates the relationship between online filter bubbles and the emergence of echo chambers. In particular, building on an agent-based simulation model, we find that the narrower the filter bubble, the larger the number of echo chambers, and the lower the degree of consensus among the population of agents as a whole. According to the existing literature, echo chambers present risks of polarization, extremism and separatism. Yet, we do not recommend reinforcing the regulation of filter bubbles. Indeed, our model suggests that the presence of sources of serendipitous knowledge, like for instance in the form of third places, can prevent the apparition of echo chambers, even in the presence of narrow filter bubbles. Going back to Gabriel Tarde’s classical distinction between opinion, tradition, and reason, we argue that sources of serendipitous knowledge favor the development of a society of opinion, while echo chambers resemble micro-societies of tradition. In this perspective, current developments of information technologies produce a tension between tradition and opinion