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Predictors of Outcomes of Reintervention After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
No full textInternational audienceBackground: In a context of extending transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) to patients with a longer life expectancy, it is important to better document the incidence and outcomes of reintervention.Objectives: The authors sought to evaluate the incidence, predictive factors, and long-term outcomes of surgical (explant TAVR) or transcatheter (redo TAVR) reintervention after TAVR.Methods: Patients who had a TAVR between 2010 and 2022 recorded in the FRANCE 2 and FRANCE TAVI registries were included in the analysis. Cumulative incidence of early (≤1 year) and late (>1 year) reintervention was assessed using the Kalbfleisch and Prentice method to account for all-cause death as a competing risk. Patients who had reintervention for infective endocarditis were excluded. Long-term mortality was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results: Among 72,850 patients included, the cumulative incidence of overall reintervention at 8 years was 1.7% including 591 patients who had redo TAVR and 111 patients who required explant TAVR with a low incidence of Bentall intervention. Reintervention occurred mostly early in 62.1% of cases and was more frequent in patients who had a mean aortic gradient >20 mm Hg immediately after index TAVR. Age and mean aortic gradient before TAVR and mean aortic gradient >20 mm Hg, aortic regurgitation ≥ grade 2, and percutaneous coronary intervention after TAVR were predictive of reintervention. Six-year mortality was high but was similar in patients who had early and late reintervention (76.2% vs 64.0%; P = 0.77).Conclusions: Reintervention after TAVR remains rare and was mostly performed early after the procedure and by redo TAVR. Further studies are warranted, particularly in younger patients with longer life expectancy
Melting of boron-rich chalcogenides B12S and B12Se under pressure
No full textInternational audienceMelting of boron-rich chalcogenides, rhombohedral B12S and B12Se, has been studied at pressures up to 8 GPa using in situ electrical resistivity measurements. It was found that above 2.5 GPa both chalcogenides melt congruently. The melting curve of B12Se has a negative slope of –30(3) K/GPa, indicating a higher density of the melt compared to the solid phase, while a very unusual zero slope of –1(2) K/GPa is observed for B12S. The melting points at ambient pressure were estimated to be 2270(7) K for B12S and 2250(16) K for B12Se
L’éthique de la délicatesse : ancrages théoriques d’une préoccupation in situ de philosophie pratique
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Contestation d’honoraires d’avocat : précisions sur le régime des délais et sur le principe de la contradiction. Note sous Cass. 2e civ., 24 oct. 2024, n° 22-18.471
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Unpacking the Green Box: Endogenous Preferences and Environmental Policy Stringency in European Countries.
No full textThis paper identifies the determinants of OECD Environmental Policy Stringency (EPS) index using a panel of 21 European countries for the period 2009-2019. If there is a large literature on the macroeconomic, political, and social determinants of EPS, the people's attitudes or preferences towards environmental policies is still burgeoning. Thus, the main goal of this paper is to estimate the effects of people's awareness regarding environmental issues on the EPS indicator. Due to the endogeneity of preferences, we have applied an instrumental variable framework to estimate our empirical model. Our most important result is to show that individual environmental preferences do have a positive and significant effect on the level of EPS indicator once the endogeneity bias has been taken into account : on average, a rise in individual preferences of 1% in a country will increase its aggregate EPS indicator by at least 0.23%. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the channels through which individual environmental preferences influence the EPS primarily operate via market and technological instruments. In these two cases, the estimated elasticities are almost three times higher than on the aggregate index. Our results have important policy implications
Should passports be abolished?
No full textInternational audienceThis paper analyses three reasons for abolishing passports presented in French newspapers between the wars
Performance-based financing is not on the path towards universal health coverage and equity
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Health Care Financing Instruments during the Colonial Period in Senegal: The Historical and Institutional Nature of Policy Instruments
No full textInternational audienceThere has been limited research on African policy instruments’ historical and institutionalnature in health policy literature. However, in the field of health systems research,there are many examples that show the permanent use of financing instruments inspiredby liberal (pro-market) ideas such as user fees, performance bonuses, or private practiceof medicine in Africa. Through an analysis of archives (1840–1960), this article shows thepresence of these instruments in the health system during the French colonial period inSenegal. Thus, this study shows that these financing policy instruments’ institutionalpresence and longevity are part of a liberal approach that predates international organizations’contemporary (and liberal) promotion. This study uses a historical and institutionalistapproach to understand the context, actors, and underlying factors thatallowed for this historical continuity, resulting in the permanence of these instrument
Determinants of International Climate Finance: A Gravity Panel Model Approach
No full textThis paper addresses climate change by examining the determinants of international climate finance. In response to the effects and potential damages of climate change, countries and international institutions are increasingly making efforts to mitigate its impacts. While financial assistance are being increasingly mobilized to help countries confront this threat, many nations remain underprepared for the effects of climate change and are at risk of experiencing significant economic and social damage due to climate-related events. This paper focuses on the allocation of international climate finance, exploring the extent to which countries are supported in their climate change adaptation efforts, particularly with regard to more vulnerable nations. By employing a Gravity Panel Model that includes 140 recipient and 30 provider countries over the period 2000-2021, this paper shows that vulnerable countries to climate change are not likely to receive climate finance in the form of either grants or loans. Political ties and economic interests appear to play a significant role in the allocation of international climate finance
Analytic solutions and numerical method for a coupled thermo-neutronic problem
No full textWe consider in this contribution a simplified idealized one-dimensional model in a nuclear core reactor coupling the diffusion equation on the neutron flux withthe enthalpy equation for the water which collects the heat produced by this idealized nuclear core. These equations are coupled through the dependency of thecoefficients of the diffusion equation in terms of the enthalpy. We propose a numerical method treating globally the coupled problem for finding its unique solution.Simultaneously, we use incomplete elliptic integrals to represent analytically the density of neutrons and the enthalpy in the fluid. Both methods lead to the samesolution with high accuracy. However, another quantity, generally used as a benchmark for comparing results, depends considerably on the approximation used forthe coefficients of the diffusion equation