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Rethinking the International Organization for Migration
No full textInternational audienceAs the introduction to the special issue 'Rethinking the International Organization for Migration', this article reviews the growing literature on this organisation and contextualises the contributions of the special issue. It identifies five key topics in the research on this organisation. (1) Its history and transformation into a leading agency in the current global migration governance. (2) The ideological dimension of this transformation, with IOM's expansion coming along with the emergence of specific worldviews about migration. (3) The 'datafication' of IOM and the central role of research, knowledge and information in its expansion. (4) The nexus between humanitarianism and security in the IOM's activities. And (5) the questions pertaining to power and interest, in a context in which the IOM claims to work 'in the interest of all' while also serving the interests of specific governments. The conclusion analyses the political/epistemological issues underlying cooperation between researchers and IOM.</div
Handicap social et troubles mnésiques chez les plus de 60 ans au Maroc : une analyse bayésienne
No full textCognitive health among older adults remains understudied in middle-income countries. This study provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between social disadvantage and memory impairment in individuals aged 60 and over in Morocco. Using data from the 2014 Moroccan General Population and Housing Census (RGPH), we construct a weighted social disadvantage score inspired by the model of Castiel et al., combining ten vulnerability dimensions including, hancicap, education, housing conditions, access to cultural goods, and occupational status. We assess the effects of this score alongside illiteracy and educational attainment on the probability of reporting memory impairment using a hierarchical Bayesian model corrected for endogeneity, instrumented by age, sex, and region of residence. Results show that a one standard deviation increase in the social disadvantage score is associated with a 312% increase in the probability of reporting memory impairment. Illiteracy also has a strong effect (+61%), greater than that of educational level (+6.3%). These findings highlight the relevance of a multidimensional approach to social vulnerability in cognitive decline prevention policies, particularly through targeted interventions for the most exposed older populations.La santé cognitive des personnes âgées demeure peu étudiée dans les pays à revenu intermédiaire. Cette étude propose une analyse empirique du lien entre précarité sociale et troubles mnésiques chez les personnes de 60 ans et plus au Maroc. À partir des données du RGPH 2014, nous construisons un score pondéré de handicap social, inspiré du modèle de Castiel et al., combinant dix dimensions de vulnérabilité dont l'éducation, conditions de logement, accès aux biens culturels, statut professionnel… Nous étudions ainsi l'effet de ce score ainsi que de l'illettrisme et du niveau d'étude sur la probabilité de déclarer un handicap mnésique au moyen d'un modèle bayésien hiérarchique avec correction de l'endogénéité, instrumenté par l'âge, le sexe et la région de résidence. Les résultats montrent qu'une augmentation d'un écart type du score social est associée à une hausse de 312 % de la probabilité de handicap mnésique. L'illettrisme exerce également un effet marqué (+61 %), supérieur à celui du niveau d'études (+6,3 %). Ces résultats soulignent l'intérêt d'une approche multidimensionnelle des vulnérabilités sociales dans les politiques de prévention du déclin cognitif, notamment à travers des actions ciblées auprès des populations âgées les plus exposées
Sarcopenia, myosteatosis and inflammation are independent prognostic factors of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients admitted to the ICU
No full textInternational audienceThe aims of our study were to assess the correlations between sarcopenia and myosteatosis assessed by CT-scan at T4 and/or L3 levels and inflammation in critically ill COVID patients on ICU admission, and their respective prognostic value on day 90 death (D90-death). It is a retrospective monocentric study. Sarcopenia was defined by skeletal muscle cross sectional surface area (CSA) and myosteatosis by skeletal muscle density (SMD) at L3 and T4 levels. Inflammatory biomarkers were collected on ICU admission. Of the 239 patients, 74 died by D90; 66.6% get sarcopenia on ICU admission. CSA at T4 level was an independent risk factor for D90-death (1.66[1.03; 2.66]; p = 0.04), as were procalcitonin (2.03[1.2; 3.43]; p = 0.01) and IL-6 levels (1.56[0.96; 2.54]; p = 0.07). In addition, we found correlation factors of 0.79 (p < 0.01) between SMD at T4 and L3 levels, and a correlation factor of 0.64 (p < 0.01) between CSA at T4 and L3 levels.These results indicate a poorer prognosis following a decrease in muscle surface area, a decrease in density, and an increase in inflammatory biomarkers such as Il6. It also suggests that incorporating indices of sarcopenia with inflammatory biomarkers may improve prognostic accuracy
Dossier et bibliographie de Jules Verne, Vingt mille lieues sous les mers: édition prépas scientifiques « Expériences de la nature »
No full textInternational audienceDossier et bibliographie pour le roman de Jules Verne, Vingt mille lieues sous les mers. Destiné aux prépas scientifiques, le dossier est centré sur le thème « Expériences de la nature » et se compose de trois parties: 1. Expériences sous-marines: découvrir les "abîmes inexplorés", 2. La nature en spectacle: entre science, mythe et merveilleux, 3. Echanges avec la nature: inspiration, exploitation, protection
CHIPS : l’élaboration d’un référentiel de données pour les recherches en archéométallurgie du fer (voire plus)
No full textInternational audienc
Unraveling Major Questions in Micronekton Ecology and Their Role in the Biological Carbon Pump Through Integrative Approaches and Autonomous Monitoring
No full textInternational audienceMicronekton consist of crustaceans, cephalopods, gelatinous organisms, and fishes that are 2–20 cm in size (Figure 1). These organisms have unique functional traits that impact their vertical migration patterns and ecosystem processes (Aparecido et al., 2023). Our understanding of their potential carbon transport and sequestration from the epipelagic (upper 200 m) to mesopelagic zones (200–1,000 m) or deeper (e.g., Boyd et al., 2019; Le Moigne, 2019; Cavan et al., 2019) is limited by the tools traditionally used to assess their biomass, diversity, and varied migration patterns (e.g., Annasawmy et al., 2019, 2024; Barbin et al., 2024; Eduardo et al., 2024). These knowledge gaps are notable considering that micronekton are ubiquitous throughout the world ocean
Validation of POD24 as a robust early clinical indicator of poor survival in mantle cell lymphoma from 1280 patients on clinical trials, a LYSA study
No full textInternational audienceIn mantle cell lymphoma, early progression of disease has been associated with short overall survival. The impact of clinical, pathological, and treatment strategies on the risk of early relapse has not been assessed in a large cohort of patients. We performed a pooled analysis of patients recruited in France from six randomized first-line MCL trials. Among 1386 treated MCL patients, 1280 were evaluable for POD24 status: 299 (23.4%) with a POD24 event and 981 (76.6%) without. Patients with a POD24 event had a median OS of 9.3 months (95% CI 8.4-11.8) versus not reached (95% CI 97.8-NR) for those without POD24 events. The median post-relapse OS of patients with a late relapse was also significantly longer at 49.4 months (HR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.31-0.48; P < 0.001) as compared to POD24 patients. Baseline variables (age, performance status, B symptoms, LDH/ULN, leukocytes, blastoid variant, and Ki-67 > 30%) were significantly associated with the risk of POD24, independent of ASCT. Among responding patients at end-of-induction (n = 1105) who had received ASCT, anti-CD20 maintenance was associated with a decreased risk of POD24 (OR = 0.37; 95% CI 0.1-1.0). Using this large data set of patients in clinical trials, we confirm that POD24 status is strongly associated with subsequent OS in MCL. Rituximab maintenance provided significant protection against the risk of POD24, independent of ASCT. Progression within 2 years should be considered as a primary endpoint in future studies
Thank You for Showing: Corporate Disclosures Enhance Environmental Performance
No full textInternational audienc
Voies intracellulaires en conditions de stress et rôle des antioxydants dans la protection cellulaire: Exploration des voies de défense cellulaire médiées par les antioxydants dans des conditions stressantes
No full textOxidative stress is a pathological condition characterized by an imbalance between excessive ROS production and insufficient antioxidant defenses, contributing to the onset of various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. This study explores the potential of NLC loaded with astaxanthin, a potent carotenoid antioxidant, to enhance bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy in mitigating oxidative stress-related damage.The primary objectives of this investigation were threefold: (1) to design and optimize the encapsulation of astaxanthin within the NLC delivery system, (2) to determine the optimal concentration of NLC-A that effectively reduces oxidative stress in HUVECs and induces apoptosis in Caco-2 cells, and (3) to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these biological responses by analyzing key gene expressions related to antioxidant defenses and apoptotic signaling pathways.In vitro assessments utilized AMA and AAPH as oxidative agents. Results demonstrated that NLC-A effectively reduced ROS production by up to 52%, indicating substantial protective effects on HUVECs. Mechanistic studies revealed significant upregulation of antioxidant genes, including Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1, which highlighted the ability of NLC-A to activate cellular defense mechanisms. Furthermore, treatment with NLC-A in Caco-2 cells resulted in a marked induction of apoptosis, evidenced by the downregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and activation of Caspase-3, elucidating a potential pathway for cancer cell elimination.These findings illustrate the dual action of astaxanthin-loaded NLCs in providing cytoprotection against oxidative stress while promoting apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Consequently, NLC-A presents a promising therapeutic approach for addressing oxidative stress-related disorders and colorectal cancer. Future research directions will focus on understanding the detailed molecular mechanisms of action and evaluating the efficacy of NLC-A in preclinical and clinical settings.Le stress oxydatif est un état pathologique caractérisé par un déséquilibre entre la production excessive de ROS et l'insuffisance des défenses antioxydantes, contribuant à l'apparition de diverses maladies, notamment le cancer, les troubles cardiovasculaires et les maladies neurodégénératives. Cette étude explore le potentiel des NLC chargés d'astaxanthine, un puissant antioxydant caroténoïde, pour améliorer la biodisponibilité et l'efficacité thérapeutique dans l'atténuation des dommages liés au stress oxydatif.Les principaux objectifs de cette étude étaient triples : (1) concevoir et optimiser l'encapsulation de l'astaxanthine dans le système de distribution NLC, (2) déterminer la concentration optimale de NLC-A qui réduit efficacement le stress oxydatif dans les cellules HUVEC et induit l'apoptose dans les cellules Caco-2, et (3) élucider les mécanismes moléculaires sous-jacents à ces réponses biologiques en analysant les expressions génétiques clés liées aux défenses antioxydantes et aux voies de signalisation apoptotiques.Les évaluations in vitro ont utilisé l'AMA et l'AAPH comme agents oxydants. Les résultats ont démontré que le NLC-A réduisait efficacement la production de ROS jusqu'à 52 %, indiquant des effets protecteurs substantiels sur les HUVEC. Des études mécanistiques ont révélé une régulation positive significative des gènes antioxydants, notamment Nrf2, NQO1 et HO-1, ce qui a mis en évidence la capacité du NLC-A à activer les mécanismes de défense cellulaire. De plus, le traitement par NLC-A dans les cellules Caco-2 a entraîné une induction marquée de l'apoptose, mise en évidence par la régulation négative de la protéine anti-apoptotique Bcl-2 et l'activation de la caspase-3, élucidant une voie potentielle d'élimination des cellules cancéreuses.Ces résultats illustrent la double action des NLC chargés d'astaxanthine pour fournir une cytoprotection contre le stress oxydatif tout en favorisant l'apoptose dans les cellules cancéreuses du côlon. Par conséquent, le NLC-A présente une approche thérapeutique prometteuse pour traiter les troubles liés au stress oxydatif et le cancer colorectal. Les futures orientations de recherche se concentreront sur la compréhension des mécanismes d'action moléculaires détaillés et sur l'évaluation de l'efficacité du NLC-A dans les contextes précliniques et cliniques
