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Le délit d'obsolescence programmée : coquille vide ou « boîte de Pandore » ?
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Modalities and safety of cardiac rehabilitation in a population managed for spontaneous haematoma or coronary disruption: insights from the READAPT-DISCO study
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Improving Dantzig-Wolfe relaxation through crosswise decomposition
No full textReformulation of mixed integer programs based on decomposition is a common approach to obtain stronger linear relaxation and thus better bounds in a branch-and-bound type algorithm. We introduce the so-called crosswise decomposition technique as a framework performing double Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition across two orthogonal structures simultaneously. It relies on variable splitting, a technique better known in Lagrangian relaxation. Our theoretical contributions include a dynamic lower bound valid throughout the course of column generation, and two convergence acceleration techniques specific to the double decomposition framework. We illustrate through computational experiments the potential of this framework on a pared-down form of the Unit Commitment Problem which captures the core of its combinatorial complexity
Demonstration of diffuse propagation of cathode-directed surface ionization waves at atmospheric pressure on liquid water
No full textInternational audienceDiffuse propagation of a circular surface ionization wave over liquid water is achieved at atmospheric pressure using positive high-voltage nanosecond pulses with fast rise rates (15 kV/ns). The surface discharges propagate over relatively large areas (~cm²) across a wide range of water conductivities (5-900 µS/cm). They are generated in a pin-to-water configuration with a sub-millimetre gap between the pin and the water surface. Using two pulse generators, the influence of voltage rise rate on discharge propagation dynamics is highlighted. Fast imaging and electrical diagnostics are performed under moderate (2 kV/ns) and high (15 kV/ns) voltage rise rates. In the former case, the discharge develops in three stages: 1/ discharge inception in the pin-water gap, 2/ propagation of a circular wave over the water surface and 3/ development of instabilities in the circular wave front in less than 4 ns, leading to the formation of multiple organized surface streamers that emerge simultaneously from the wave front. These streamers propagate until the end of the voltage pulse. In the latter case, in contrast, the circular wave does not break up and the discharge continues to propagate as a uniform ring until the voltage drops. Water conductivity variations (5-900 µS/cm) do not prevent the diffuse propagation, however they influence the propagation length, speed, and energy deposition. The current findings demonstrate that high-voltage nanosecond pulses with sharp rise rates enable controlled and uniform propagation of surface ionization waves at atmospheric pressure on liquid water at various conductivities, using simple electrode configurations
Association between dietary environmental pressures and major chronic diseases: assessment from the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundPlant-based diets offer co-benefits for human health and the environment, but assessments often consider only specific aspects. This study comprehensively examines the links between diet-related environmental pressures and risk of chronic diseases as well as mortality.MethodsData from a population study of 34,077 participants to the NutriNet-Santé French cohort were used. Dietary data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire, distinguishing between organic and conventional foods, and were merged with food production environmental indicators. The associations between greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe), energy demand, land occupation (LO), ecological infrastructures (EI), water use, and pesticide treatment frequency and a synthetic environmental pressures index (EPI) and incidence of cancer, cardiovascular diseases (overall, coronary and cerebrovascular diseases), type 2 diabetes and mortality were estimated using weighted multivariable cox proportional risk model.FindingsOver a mean median follow-up of 8.39 years (IQR = 5.62, 256,891 person-year), the diet's overall environmental pressures (EPI) was positively associated with the risk of all tested chronic diseases except stroke. The HR for 1 SD increment ranging from 1.15 (95% CI = 1.03–1.28) for cancer (all locations) to 1.50 (95% CI = 1.29–1.73) for coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes, but no association with stroke or death was detected.InterpretationDiets with low overall environmental pressures are associated with important health benefits, suggesting that food systems with lower environmental impacts could be key drivers of both environmental and health sustainability.FundingData were collected in the context of the BioNutriNet and TRANSFood projects supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR-13-ALID-0001 and ANR-21-CE21-0011-01)
Facteurs prédictifs de mortalité des hypertensions pulmonaires associées aux pneumopathies interstitielles diffuses
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De l’amateurisme à la plateformisation : évaluer l’alternativité des podcasts féministes
No full textInternational audienceBased on an ethnographic study of 24 feminist podcasts and interviews with their creators, this research explores the potential of podcasting as a tool for feminist resistance. The findings highlight the specific features of this medium: a horizontal and decentralized mode of production, an intimate relationship between creators and listeners, accessible technical requirements, and a strong sense of community ethics. Much like the free radio movements of the 1970s, podcasts facilitate the dissemination of counter-discourses rarely heard in mainstream media, making the format a privileged vehicle for grassroots challenges to gender norms. However, the platformization of the sector limits its alternative potential. Algorithmic logics constrain the visibility of independent productions, while the entry of major media corporations and platform-imposed constraints tend to standardize formats, often at the expense of amateur practices. Moreover, the growing pursuit of monetization increasingly aligns these productions with market logics, thereby compromising their editorial autonomy.Basado en una investigación etnográfica sobre 24 pódcasts feministas y entrevistas con sus creador·e·s, este estudio examina el potencial del pódcast como herramienta de resistencia feminista. Los resultados ponen de relieve las especificidades de este medio : un modo de producción horizontal y descentralizado, una relación de intimidad entre creador·e·s y oyentes, una accesibilidad técnica facilitada y una ética comunitaria. Al igual que las radios libres de los años 1970, los pódcasts permiten la difusión de contranarrativas rara vez audibles en los medios de comunicación tradicionales, lo que convierte este formato en un vehículo privilegiado para la contestación de las normas de género « desde abajo ». No obstante, la plataformización del sector limita su potencial alternativo. Las lógicas algorítmicas restringen la visibilidad de las producciones independientes, mientras que la entrada de grandes grupos mediáticos y las restricciones impuestas por las plataformas tienden a uniformar los formatos, en detrimento de las prácticas amateurs. Además, la búsqueda creciente de monetización alinea progresivamente estas producciones con lógicas mercantiles, comprometiendo su autonomía editorial.Fondée sur une enquête ethnographique portant sur 24 podcasts féministes et des entretiens avec leurs créateur·rice·s, cette étude examine le potentiel du podcast en tant qu’outil de résistance féministe. Les résultats mettent en lumière les spécificités de ce média : un mode de production horizontal et décentralisé, une relation d’intimité entre créateur·rice·s et auditeur·rice·s, une accessibilité technique facilitée, ainsi qu’une éthique communautaire. À l’instar des radios libres, les podcasts permettent ainsi la diffusion de contre-discours rarement audibles dans les médias traditionnels, faisant de ce format un vecteur privilégié de contestation des normes de genre « par le bas ». Toutefois, la plateformisation du secteur en limite l’alternativité. Les logiques algorithmiques restreignent la visibilité des productions indépendantes, tandis que l’entrée des grands groupes médiatiques et les contraintes imposées par les plateformes tendent à uniformiser les formats, au détriment des pratiques amateurs. Par ailleurs, la recherche croissante de monétisation aligne progressivement ces productions sur des logiques marchandes, compromettant leur autonomie éditoriale
Analyse des discours publiés sur Instagram par les femmes ayant vécu un deuil périnatal
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Les silences brisés : trajectoire de subjectivation après l’abus
No full textInternational audienceThis article presents the treatment of an adolescent boy grappling with the repercussions of a sexual assault he sufferedat a time when he was placed in care. The authors show the impact of traumas on the process of subjectivation, while emphasizing the importance of acknowledging the trauma, in order to enable gradual access to subjectivation.Este articulo presenta el seguimiento de un adolescente que sufre de las consecuencias de las repercusiones de una agresión sexual ocurrida durante su infancia cuando se hallaba confiada a los servicios sociales. Los autores exponen el impacto de los traumatismos sobre los procesos de subjetivación todo ello remarcando la importancia que tiene el reconocimiento del traumatismo para permitir el acceso progresivo a la simbolización.Cet article présente la prise en charge d’un adolescent aux prises avec les répercussions d’une agression sexuelle subie dans l’enfance lors de son placement. Les auteures exposent l’impact des traumas sur ses processus de subjectivation, tout en soulignant l’importance de la reconnaissance du traumatisme pour permettre l’accès progressif à la symbolisation
Physiology of dentinogenesis and pathophysiology of dentinogenesis imperfecta: how does it affect dentin structure and biomechanics?
No full textInternational audienceAlthough the formation, structure, and biomechanical properties of dentin are well-studied, the impact of dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) on dentin tissue structure and properties remains poorly understood. This perspective paper aims to summarize current knowledge on dentin and discuss the DI-related effects on dentin biological, structural and biomechanical properties. Macroscopically, DI is easily recognizable in clinics, characterized by a blue/gray appearance of the teeth and rapid pulp chamber obliteration after tooth eruption. Microscopically, the porous structure of healthy dentin is absent; tubules are scarce, and some areas are completely atubular. Clinically, the enamel of DI-affected teeth detaches quickly from the dentin, leading to rapid wear of the dentin under normal masticatory forces. The biomechanical properties of DI-affected dentin are poorly studied and challenging to compare with those of healthy dentin. Various factors, such as hydration, tissue heterogeneity, and the scale of analysis, significantly influence the measurement of these properties. An in-depth exploration of the micro- and nano-structure, as well as the biomechanical properties of dentin affected by DI, would provide a better understanding of the behavior of this diseased tissue in patients. This, in turn, would enable the adaptation of dental restoration treatments to meet the mechanical constraints specific to the oral environment