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Du rapport entre culture technique et éducation. Introduction du dossier "Culture(s) technique(s), éducation et formation"
No full textDimensions spatiales et approche intersectionnelle des rapports sociaux – Introduction
No full textInternational audienceLe concept d’intersectionnalité, porté par Kimberlé W. Crenshaw, tend aujourd’hui à rassembler l’ensemble des réflexions, questions qui portent sur un croisement des rapports sociaux de domination. La dimension spatiale de l’approche intersectionnelle relève à la fois de l’application de cette épistémologie et d’un tournant spatial des sciences humaines. Ainsi ce dossier se situe-t-il dans ce contexte en mobilisant des travaux de recherche et des méthodologies marquées par la volonté de rendre compte de l’imbrication des rapports de pouvoir. Dans l’ensemble des textes présentées, l’espace est envisagée à la fois comme un rapport de pouvoir parmi d’autres, interagissant avec et comme le cadre de cette coconstitution de ces relations hiérarchisées et asymétriques
Mazan. Anthropologie d’un procès pour viols
No full textInternational audienceSeptember 2024. The Mazan trial sent shockwaves through society. The judicial event spilled beyond the walls of the courtroom, reverberating through families, workplaces and friendships, as well as intimate relationships. From the courtroom to the streets of Avignon and Mazan, a team of anthropologists set out to follow the proceedings. Their investigation gathered hundreds of testimonies — from journalists, lawyers, feminist activists, students, healthcare workers, shopkeepers, and many others — offering an unprecedented perspective on this event. This book captures the echoes of a trial that has become a mirror for society, revealing dynamics of power and the relationships between women and men. Written in a clear and compelling style, it invites readers to reflect on one of the most significant moments in the recent history of the struggle against sexual violence. Fourteen social science researchers, all specialists in gender studies, contributed to this book. (Book cover)Septembre 2024. Le procès de Mazan fait l’effet d’une onde de choc. L’événement judiciaire déborde de l’enceinte du tribunal et résonne dans les familles, les quotidiens professionnels, les relations amicales et amoureuses. Depuis la salle d’audience jusque dans les rues d’Avignon et de Mazan, des anthropologues ont voulu suivre ce procès. Leur enquête a permis de recueillir des centaines de témoignages – de journalistes, avocates, membres de collectifs féministes, étudiantes, personnels de santé, commerçantes… – offrant un point de vue inédit sur cet événement. Ce livre donne à entendre les échos d’un procès de société et ce qu’ils révèlent des rapports de pouvoir et des relations entre les femmes et les hommes. Un récit incarné, porté par une plume efficace et fluide, qui invite à penser un des moments les plus importants de l’histoire récente de la lutte contre les violences sexuelles. Quatorze chercheur·es en sciences sociales, spécialistes en études de genre, ont participé à cet ouvrage. Le travail d’enquête et d’écriture a été coordonné par Perrine Lachenal et Céline Lesourd (CNRS/Centre Norbert Elias UMR8562). (4e de couverture
Facial Empathy Analysis Through Deep Learning and Computer Vision Techniques in Mixed Reality Environments
No full textInternational audienceThis paper introduces a novel approach for facial empathy analysis using deep learning and computer vision techniques within mixed reality environments. The primary objective is to detect and quantify empathic responses based on facial expressions, establishing the link between empathy and facial expressions. We propose the Deep Convolutional Neural Network with the Exponential Linear Unit activation function (ELU-DCNN). We moreover design an augmented reality platform with two main features (i). virtual overlay of a VR headset on the user’s face and (ii). facial emotion recognition for users wearing the VR headset. Our target is to analyse facial expressions in immersed environments in order to assess the empathy of users while being immersed in specific environments. Our results analyse the feasibility and effectiveness of these models in detecting and quantifying empathy through facial expressions. This work contributes to the growing field of affective computing and highlights th e potential of integrating advanced computer vision techniques in mixed reality applications to better understand human emotional responses
Noninvasive ventilation in postoperative critically ill patients with morbid obesity: secondary analysis of the EXTUBOBESE multicentre randomised clinical trial
No full textInternational audienceThe optimal method to prevent treatment failure after tracheal extubation in postoperative critically ill patients with obesity and morbid obesity remains unknown. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the EXTUBOBESE multicentre RCT comparing prophylactic noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and oxygen therapy (high-flow nasal oxygen [HFNO] and standard oxygen) in 585 postoperative critically ill patients with obesity (BMI >= 30 kg m(-2) ) and morbid obesity (BMI >= 40 kg m(-2) ). The primary outcome was treatment failure within 3 days after extubation, a composite of reintubation within 3 days (also analysed separately as secondary outcome), switch to the other study treatment, or premature study treatment discontinuation. The primary outcome analysis used a chi(2) test. A Cox model was used for time without reintubation. Results: Treatment failure occurred in 39/292 patients (13.4%) in the NIV group and in 70/293 patients (23.9%) in the oxygen therapy group (absolute risk difference: -10.5; 95% confidence interval: -16.8 to -4.3). Similar results were found when analysing separately HFNO from standard oxygen in the oxygen therapy group. Reintubation rate was 8.6% (25 patients) in the NIV group and 9.9% (29 patients) in the oxygen therapy group (P=0.58). Interaction test was significant for level of obesity (P=0.045). Time without reintubation according to level of obesity significantly differed between NIV group and oxygen therapy group (P=0.02) in patients with BMI >= 40 kg m(-2 ), but not in patients with 30 <= BMI<40 kg m(-2 )(P=0.70). Conclusions: Among postoperative critically ill adults with obesity undergoing tracheal extubation, our results suggest that use of noninvasive ventilation is effective to reduce treatment failure in comparison with oxygen therapy alone. These effects were more pronounced in patients with morbid obesity
(Dir.) Modèles et enjeux des studios de tournage, de production et post-production à l’ère du numérique
No full textPilot Implementation of HIV Self-Testing Delivery in Private Pharmacies Combined With a Respondent-Driven Sampling Method to Improve HIV Testing for Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in Phnom Penh (ANRS 0100s): Protocol for a Prospective Mixed Method Feasibility Study
No full textInternational audienceBackground Regular testing is recognized as a key strategy for HIV control. The 2023 Integrated Biological and Behavioral Survey (IBBS) in Cambodia revealed that nearly one-third of men who have sex with men (MSM) and one-fourth of transgender women (TGW) were never tested for HIV or not for more than 12 months. The majority of MSM and TGW were tested at community-based organizations (CBOs) facilities and by CBO outreach workers, while private facilities are poorly used for HIV testing (6% for MSM and 9% for TGW). Private pharmacies could be able to deliver HIV self-testing kits giving the advantage of confidentiality, anonymity, and time savings, in particular for those reluctant to visit CBOs. The recruitment of participants using a respondent-driven sampling method could provide the opportunity to reach MSM and TGW outside the network of CBOs. Objective This pilot study aims to evaluate the feasibility of free HIV self-testing delivery by a private pharmacy combined with a respondent-driven sampling method to improve HIV testing among MSM and TGW in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Methods Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are used in this prospective feasibility study. The protocol was approved by the National Ethics Committee for Health Research in Cambodia (N0 351 NECHR). MSM and TGW aged more than 18 years old will be recruited via a respondent-driven sampling method with seeds recruited at hot spots and on social networks. The seeds will then distribute electronic and paper coupons to their networks physically and via social media, messaging, and calling applications. Each recruited peer will bring the coupon to receive direct and free access to one HIV self-testing kit at partner pharmacies as well as 10 additional coupons to recruit members of their networks. As for quantitative analysis, data from the study website will be imported, appended into a single matrix using Stata version 18SE (StataCorp), and analyzed using descriptive statistics, with a statistical significance level of .05. After 6 months, a qualitative assessment will be conducted among users, providers, and policymakers or key stakeholders to evaluate the acceptability and appropriateness of the strategy and to identify the barriers, facilitators, and recommendations. All transcripts will be analyzed according to the 6-phase reflexive thematic approach by Braun and Clarke. The results will be reported by participant-based and provider-based issues. QSR NVivo V.14 for Windows will be used to manage the data. Results The study was funded by Agence nationale de recherches sur le sida, les hépatites, et les maladies infectieuses émergentes (ANRS) in September 2023. Approval of the study protocol was successfully obtained from the NECHR in Cambodia and the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) in France (Autorisation Tacite) in February 2025. Data collection will be conducted between September 2024 and December 2025. The initial results are expected to be published in February 2026. Conclusions This public-private partnership intervention could allow the hidden population of MSM and TGW in Phnom Penh to be reached and tested. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05745168; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05745168 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/65351PRR1-10.2196/65351
Le service de santé universitaire au prisme du genre : une étude de la portée
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: This study explores students’ access to university health services through a scoping review.Study Aim: It has three main objectives: to identify the factors that promote or hinder the use of student health services; to assess how gender is integrated into student care; and to identify blind spots in research on this topic.Results: After reviewing 1,244 articles, 23 were selected for their relevance and alignment with the selection criteria. The findings highlight a lack of in-depth analysis of gender as a key factor shaping health behavior and care-seeking. While some studies address gendered behavior, they often adopt a binary approach, considering only male and female gender categories. Moreover, although trans identities—including transgender and non-binary individuals—appear in a few studies, intersex people are entirely absent from the selected research. This omission reflects a significant gap in understanding students’ access to health care. The results of this study therefore underscore the need for a more inclusive gender approach in evaluating university health services.Conclusions: By moving beyond a binary approach in evaluating student access to health care and fully integrating gender diversity, university health services in the European region will be better positioned to meet the specific needs of their entire student population and to ensure equitable access to care.Introduction : Cette étude explore l’accès des étudiant.e.s aux services de santé universitaires à travers une analyse de la portée.But de l’étude : Elle vise trois objectifs principaux : identifier les facteurs favorisant ou freinant le recours aux services de santé offerts par les universités, repérer l’intégration du genre dans les prises en charge des étudiant.e.s, et identifier les angles morts dans la recherche sur ce sujet.Résultats : Après l’examen de 1244 articles, 23 ont été retenus pour leur pertinence et leur conformité aux critères de sélection. Les résultats mettent en évidence un manque d’analyse approfondie du genre en tant que critère déterminant des comportements de santé et du recours aux soins. Bien que certaines études abordent les comportements en fonction du genre, elles se limitent souvent à une approche binaire, ne prenant en compte que les catégories de genre masculin et féminin. De plus, bien que la transidentité, incluant les personnes trans et non binaires, soit mentionnée dans quelques études, les personnes intersexes sont complètement invisibles dans les recherches retenues. Cette omission reflète un vide important dans la compréhension de l’accès aux soins des étudiant.e.s. Les résultats de cette étude soulignent donc la nécessité d’une approche plus inclusive du genre dans l’évaluation des services de santé universitaires.Conclusions : En dépassant l’approche binaire dans l’évaluation de l’accès aux soins des étudiant.e.s et en intégrant pleinement les diversités de genre, les services de santé universitaires de la région européenne seront mieux à même de répondre aux besoins spécifiques de l’ensemble de leur population étudiante et de garantir un accès équitable aux soins
Prediction of inclisiran efficacy in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: the SIRIUS In-Silico modelling of cardiovascular outcomes
No full textInternational audienceAims: Inclisiran, an siRNA-targeting hepatic PCSK9 mRNA, reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), but its effect on major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) remains unconfirmed. The SIRIUS in-silico modelling program aimed to predict the efficacy of inclisiran on MACE in virtual patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).Methods: The SIRIUS simulation (NCT05974345) used a validated mechanistic model of ASCVD and lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) effects in a virtual population with established ASCVD and LDL-C ≥70 mg/dL. Each virtual patient served as their own control to compare inclisiran versus placebo as an adjunct to high-intensity statin therapy, alone or with ezetimibe over 5 years. The model did not account for non-adherence, recurrent events, or adverse effects.Results: Among 204 691 virtual patients, inclisiran was predicted to reduce LDL-C by 49.7% versus placebo (from 91.1 to 48.3 mg/dL). Relative to placebo, inclisiran was predicted to lower 5 years risk of 3-point MACE by 25.2% (11.3% vs. 14.9%), myocardial infarction by 34.8% (5.7% vs. 8.6%; HR 0.65), ischaemic stroke by 26% (2.6% vs. 3.4%; HR 0.74), and major adverse limb event by 34.1% (0.5% vs. 0.8%; HR 0.66). A 7.1% relative reduction of cardiovascular death was predicted (4.2% vs. 4.5%; HR 0.93).Conclusions: SIRIUS is the first in-silico simulation using a knowledge-based mechanistic model to predict the efficacy of LLT on cardiovascular outcomes in ASCVD. These findings offer early model-based prediction of inclisiran's potential cardiovascular benefit ahead of phase 3 outcome trials
Heimat – Violence – Histoire et “un reste irréductible” : à propos de la méthode documentaire de Thomas Heise
No full textInternational audienceDer Dokumentarist Thomas Heise hat sich in seinem Werk intensiv mit der deutschen Geschichte und Gegenwart auseinandergesetzt. Ausgehend von der Frage nach der Darstellung und Funktion von Gewalt in zwei zentralen Filmen – "Material" (2009) und "Heimat ist ein Raum aus Zeit" (2019) – beleuchtet der Artikel Heises dokumentarfilmische Methode, die in ihrer Ästhetik ebenso radikal ist wie in ihrer Offenheit. Die detaillierte Analyse der gewaltsamen Szenen in Material, die in seinem Werk eine Ausnahme darstellen, zeigt, wie der bewusste Verzicht auf Kontextualisierung zum Konzept gehört. Dabei verortet Heise programmatisch die Gewalt in der deutschen Geschichte mit der kritischen Aneignung des Heimatbegriffs in seinem letzten Film Heimat ist ein Raum aus Zeit. Der Umgang mit Schlüsselmotiven der deutschen Gewaltgeschichte des letzten Jahrhunderts in dem Film zeigt, wie Heises dokumentarfilmischer Ansatz in einem benjaminschen Geschichtsverständnis gründet, das sich der Festschreibung von Geschichte und Biographien verweigert.The documentarian Thomas Heise focused his work on the German past and present. Stemming from the question of representation and the function of violence in his two most prominent films ("Material", 2009; "Heimat is a Space in Time", 2019), this article highlights the documentary method which is as aesthetic as it is radical in its openness. The detailed analysis of the violent scenes in Material presents the intentional absence of contextualization which is part of the concept. In his last film, Heimat is a Space in Time, Heise places the phenomenon of violence in German history alongside a critical definition and appropriation of Heimat. The treatment of the key motifs of the German history of violence in the twentieth century shows Heise’s documentary method which is grounded in a Benjaminian concept of history, that does not align with a prescribed understanding of history and biography.Le documentariste Thomas Heise s’est intensément penché dans son œuvre sur l’histoire et le présent de l’Allemagne. Partant de la question de la représentation et de la fonction de la violence dans deux films majeurs – "Material" (2009) et "Heimat ist ein Raum aus Zeit" ("Heimat est un espace dans le temps", 2019) –, l’article éclaire la méthode documentaire de Heise, aussi radicale dans son esthétique que dans son ouverture. L’analyse détaillée des scènes violentes dans Material, qui constituent une exception dans son œuvre, montre comment le refus délibéré de contextualisation fait partie intégrante de son concept filmique. Heise inscrit de manière programmatique la violence dans l’histoire allemande par l’appropriation critique de la notion de Heimat dans son dernier film Heimat est un espace dans le temps. Le traitement de motifs-clés de l’histoire de la violence allemande du siècle dernier dans ce film révèle comment l’approche documentaire de Heise s’enracine dans une conception benjaminienne de l’histoire qui refuse de figer l’histoire et les biographies