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Filmer sa migration vers l’Europe. Retournement de la stigmatisation médiatique et processus de subjectivation (2012-2020)
No full textIn response to the outrage provoked by the stigmatisation of migrants inmainstream media, this thesis examines documentaries made by migrants incollaboration with European producers and directors during their migration toEurope. To analyse the dynamics at play, the corpus is structured around two poles:on the one hand, media constructions (French television news) and institutionalproductions (Frontex videos); on the other, documentary works created by themigrants themselves. These films enact a ‘reversal’ of media stigmatisation,engaging Gilles Deleuze’s ‘art of control’ and Michel Foucault’s notion of ‘counter-strategy’. Their strength lies not only in their ability to resist dominantrepresentations by offering a reversed image of stigmatisation, but also becausethey offer creative spaces that migrants progressively appropriate and inhabit.While these documentaries highlight the coexistence of marginalisation andunexpected forms of emancipation and ‘identity re-elaboration’ (Michel Agier), thisthesis argues that migrant filmmaking not only reflects this reality but alsocontributes to their ‘processes of subjectivation’ (Foucault). By bringing togetherthe analysis of filmic forms and theoretical reflection, and drawing onphilosophical, anthropological, and political perspectives, this thesis explores therole of the camera as a self-reflexive tool in the production of subjectivity, whilecalling for a reconsideration of media representations of migrants.Face à l’indignation suscitée par la stigmatisation des migrants dans l’espace médiatique, cette thèse examine les documentaires qu’ils réalisent en collaboration avec des producteurs et réalisateurs européens durant leur migration vers l’Europe. Pour analyser les dynamiques à l’œuvre, le corpus se structure en deux pôles : d’une part, les constructions médiatiques (journaux télévisés français) et institutionnelles (vidéos de Frontex) ; d’autre part, les productions documentaires des migrants eux-mêmes. Ces films opèrent un « retournement » de la stigmatisation médiatique, conciliant « l’art du contrôle » de Gilles Deleuze et la notion de « contre-stratégie » de Michel Foucault. Leur force réside non seulement dans leur capacité à résister aux représentations dominantes en offrant une image inversée de la stigmatisation, mais aussi dans le fait qu’ils constituent des espaces de création que les migrants s’approprient. Alors que ces documentaires mettent en lumière la coexistence entre marginalisation et formes inattendues d’émancipation et de « réélaboration identitaire » (Michel Agier), cette thèse soutient que la pratique filmique des migrants ne se limite pas à refléter cette réalité, mais contribue également à leur « processus de subjectivation » (Foucault). En articulant l’analyse des formes filmiques et la théorie, et en mobilisant des réflexions philosophiques, anthropologiques et politiques, cette thèse propose ainsi une réflexion sur le rôle de la caméra, en tant qu’outil autoréflexif, dans la production de subjectivité, tout en appelant à une reconsidération des représentations médiatiques des migrants
Analyzing a Concurrent Self-Modifying Program: Application to Malware Detection
No full textInternational audienceWe tackle the analysis problem of multi-threaded parallel programs that contain self modifying code, i.e., code that have the ability to reconstruct itself during the execution time. This kind of code is usually used to hide malicious portions of codes so that they cannot be detected by anti-viruses. In (Messahel and Touili, 2024), we introduced a new model called Self Modifying Dynamic Pushdown Network (SM-DPN) to model such programs. A SM-DPN is a network of Self-Modifying Pushdown Systems, i.e., Pushdown Systems that can modify their instructions on the fly during execution. We proposed an algorithm to perform the backward reachability analysis of SM-DPNs. However, in (Messahel and Touili, 2024), no concrete example was provided. In this paper, we go one step further. We consider a case study and show concretely how this approach and this model can be applied to represent and analyse an example of a multi-threaded self modifying code infected with a malware
Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and Bayesian estimator in lung transplant adults recipients in the early post-transplant period
No full textInternational audienceMycophenolic acid (MPA), administered as its prodrug Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), is widely used to prevent rejection after organ solid transplantation. Few population pharmacokinetic studies of MPA in lung transplantation are available, so the present study was designed to describe the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of MPA and develop a maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimator of MPA area under the curve (AUC0-12h) in lung transplant (LT) recipients in the early post-transplant period. We conducted a single-center retrospective study in the Plessis-Robinson hospital (France), including LT recipients receiving MMF in whom at least one concentration-time profile was available during the first 3 months post-transplantation. MPA was measured before intake and 0.5, 1, 2, 4 ± 6 hours post-administration. Patients were divided into an index group (N=72) and a validation group (N=46). A population PK model and a Bayesian estimator with three sampling times were built with the index dataset and externally evaluated with the validation dataset. Analyses were performed using nonlinear mixed-effects models with Monolix® software. The PK model was built using 97 MPA profiles in the index dataset. MPA PK was best described using a two-compartment model with a lag time and first-order absorption and elimination. The significant covariates on the MPA apparent clearance were creatinine, body weight and ciclosporin co-administration and the posttransplantation time on the apparent volume of the central compartment. The model was successfully evaluated in the 60 MPA profiles from the validation dataset. The best Bayesian estimator included samples just before intake, 1 and 4 hours post-administration. The prediction of AUC was unbiased in both datasets and had a precision around 20 %. This is the first Bayesian estimator allowing the prediction of AUC in LT patients without cystic fibrosis in the early post-transplant period, providing a tool to improve the therapeutic drug monitoring of MPA
Handgrip strength cut-off points for identifying French adults at risk of type 2 diabetes
No full textInternational audienceTo identify cut-off points for handgrip strength (HGS) detecting T2DM risk among adults in France, and to examine the relationships between absolute and relative HGS and the incidence of T2DM.Methods: Data from 18,519 adults (5,096 men) in the NutriNet-Santé cohort, were analyzed. HGS was measured using dynamometry on both hands. Nine indicators were derived, including absolute values and those relative to body weight and BMI. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves and cubic splines were used to assess predictive performance, as well as cutoff points for HGS that maximize this performance. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations between reduced HGS and T2DM.Results: Over 9.8 years, 329 incident T2DM cases were validated. Absolute HGS showed not associated with T2DM risk, whereas higher relative HGS was associated with lower risk (e.g. HR for HGS relative to body weight: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.07-1.58). Relative HGS showed better discrimination (AUC 0.623-0.675) than absolute HGS (≤0.44). Optimal cut-offs were 0.446 kg/kg and 1.086 kg/kg/m² (dominant hand), and 0.397 kg/kg and 1.033 kg/kg/m² (non-dominant). Low relative HGS was associated with increased risk (HRs 1.42-1.68), consistent across sensitivity, sex, and age analyses. Conclusions:Relative, but not absolute, handgrip strength is independently associated with T2DM incidence and shows modest discriminative ability. Given its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, grip strength may be a useful screening tool in clinical and public health settings.</div
Clinical Research Informatics: a Decade-in-Review
No full textInternational audienceSummary Background: Clinical Research Informatics (CRI) is a subspeciality of biomedical informatics that has substantially matured during the last decade. Advances in CRI have transformed the way clinical research is conducted. In recent years, there has been growing interest in CRI, as reflected by a vast and expanding scientific literature focused on the topic. The main objectives of this review are: 1) to provide an overview of the evolving definition and scope of this biomedical informatics subspecialty over the past 10 years; 2) to highlight major contributions to the field during the past decade; and 3) to provide insights about more recent CRI research trends and perspectives. Methods: We adopted a modified thematic review approach focused on understanding the evolution and current status of the CRI field based on literature sources identified through two complementary review processes (AMIA CRI year-in-review/IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics) conducted annually during the last decade. Results: More than 1,500 potentially relevant publications were considered, and 205 sources were included in the final review. The review identified key publications defining the scope of CRI and/or capturing its evolution over time as illustrated by impactful tools and methods in different categories of CRI focus. The review also revealed current topics of interest in CRI and prevailing research trends. Conclusion: This scoping review provides an overview of a decade of research in CRI, highlighting major changes in the core CRI discoveries as well as increasingly impactful methods and tools that have bridged the principles-to-practice gap. Practical CRI solutions as well as examples of CRI-enabled large-scale, multi-organizational and/or multi-national research projects demonstrate the maturity of the field. Despite the progress demonstrated, some topics remain challenging, highlighting the need for ongoing CRI development and research, including the need of more rigorous evaluations of CRI solutions and further formalization and maturation of CRI services and capabilities across the research enterprise
Unlocking investment for nutritionsensitive food systems research: turning N4G commitments into UNFSS+4 actions
No full textThe burdens of malnutrition continue to grow. Two billion people lack key micronutrients; by 2030, one child in five could be stunted and three billion adults overweight or obese. • Food systems are not nutrition-sensitive. Unequal food environments and certain trade regimes keep healthy diets out of reach for many households, while food industry stimulates demand for cheap, unhealthy ultra-processed foods high in fat, sugar and salt and soft drinks. • Structural barriers hinder progress. Short-term politicaleconomic incentives and power imbalances; sectoral silos (agriculture, aquaculture, nutrition, health, energy, environment, education or trade); fragmented global natural-resource governance; and a science-policy gap fuelled by misinformation. • Eleven research priorities can fill knowledge gaps. (1) sustainable and nutrition-sensitive agriculture, (2) local food systems and short supply chains, (3) climate change and environmental degradation (including land, water, ocean) impacts on food quality, diversity and safety, (4) trade-offs related to food processing (nutrient preservation vs. health risks vs. prices), (5) consequences of international trade on healthiness and sustainability of diets, (6) food environments impact on diets, (7) political and socio-economic drivers of diet, (8) equity in access to sustainable heathy diets, (9) multi-level governance and coordination, (10) true cost accounting and (11) nutrition-sensitive innovations. • Seven priority actions can unlock progress. (1) cross-sector coordination, (2) local capacity building, (3) multi-stakeholder partnerships, (4) inclusive policy design, (5) nutrition-focused social-protection schemes & inclusion of health in all policies, and (6) targeted funding for research on climate-resilient and nutritionsensitive food systems, (7) full integration of nutrition as an essential driver to the food systems transformation dynamics. • N4G pledges and the UNFSS+4 provide the financing window to turn these recommendations into support for research and innovation toward sustained, equitable action for healthier, more resilient and sustainable food systems
Early in‐hospital treatment of acute heart failure. Part 2 of the international expert opinion series on AHF management
No full textInternational audienceAcute heart failure (AHF) remains a major global health challenge, contributing significantly to morbidity, mortality and healthcare resource utilization. It is one of the leading causes of hospitalization, with persistently high readmission rates underscoring the need for improved early management strategies. Despite its prevalence, clear and evidence‐based guidance for the early evaluation and treatment of AHF is limited. Congestion is the primary reason for emergency admission, making rapid and effective decongestion a top priority, but diuretics are often underdosed in AHF patients. Medications proven to improve mortality are often not started. In this state‐of‐the‐art review, we address this critical gap by outlining a practical, evidence‐based framework for the early management of AHF. Key components include early identification of co‐existing conditions, bedside haemodynamic profiling, a structured diagnostic approach incorporating both standard and individualized assessments, a stepwise pharmacologic diuretic strategy beginning with high‐dose intravenous loop diuretics, and early in‐hospital initiation of guideline‐directed medical therapy
Comprendre les (cyber)violences de genre: Présentation des constats et des chiffres clés de l’étude du Centre Hubertine Auclert
No full textInternational audienc
La double exception d’illégalité à l’encontre des accords collectifs étendus, note sous Cass. soc., 1er oct. 2025, no 23-15.627
No full textInternational audienc
Predictors of poor outcome in acute stroke patients with posterior cerebral artery occlusion and medical management
No full textInternational audienceBackground and Aims: The clinical evolution of acute ischemic stroke patients with isolated proximal posterior cerebral artery (PCA) occlusion treated with medical management alone has been poorly described. We aimed to determine the clinical and radiological factors associated with poor functional outcome in this population. Methods: We conducted a multicenter international retrospective study of consecutive stroke patients with isolated occlusion of the first (P1) or second (P2) segment of PCA admitted within 6 h from symptoms onset in 26 stroke centers in France, Switzerland, and the United States, treated with the best medical management alone. Poor functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale (mRS) ⩾2 at 3 months or no return to pre-stroke mRS. The associations between pretreatment variables and poor outcome were studied in univariable and then multivariable analyses, as well as the association between poor outcome and key follow-up radiological variables. Results: Overall, 585 patients were included. The median age was 74 years (interquartile range (IQR) = 63–83), median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 6 (3–10), 80% received intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), and 22% and 78% had P1 and P2 occlusions, respectively. Poor outcome occurred in 56% of patients. In multivariable analysis focusing on pretreatment variables, age (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.12 per 5-year increase [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05–1.20]; p = 0.001), NIHSS score (aOR = 1.12 per each point increase [1.08–1.18]; p < 0.001), infarct volume (aOR = 1.16 per 5 mL increase [1.07-1.25]; p < 0.001), and the lack of IVT use (aOR = 1.79 [1.10-2.94], p = 0.020) were independently associated with poor outcome. Regarding 24-h follow-up radiological variables, complete recanalization (defined as no clot in the vascular tree at or beyond the primary occlusive lesion, aOR = 0.37 [95% CI = 0.21-0.65], p < 0.001) and parenchymal hematoma occurrence (aOR = 2.37 [95% CI = 1.01-5.56], p = 0.048) were independently associated with poor 3-month outcome. Conclusions: Poor outcome occurred in more than half of medically treated PCA-related acute stroke patients. Facilitating IVT use may improve functional outcome. Therapeutic approaches aimed at enhancing recanalization and reducing hemorrhagic transformation need to be studied in clinical trials