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L'esthétique queer dans l'œuvre de Chantal Akerman : temporalités, matérialités, refus
No full textThis thesis proposes an analysis of queer aesthetics in the films, videos and installations of Chantal Akerman (1950–2015). A Film Studies approach is combined with a queer methodology in order to address aspects of Akerman’s work that remain underexplored in existing literature. The use of the term "aesthetic" indicates formal tendencies towards continuity or rupture, organisation of sequences, recurring motifs and themes, and signification of media forms. The thesis adopts an approach inflected by queer negativity in order to address representation of sexuality and love affairs between women, often subject to unhappy endings, affective undoings, and relational failings in Akerman’s work. The first section discusses the Freudian concepts of deferred action and melancholia in order to conceive of non-linear affective relations, which, paradoxically, depend on the absence of the love object. These arguments are developed in the second section, which addresses the materiality of the works in more detail through analyses of video and exhibition spaces. The third section underscores the various forms of refusal that traverse the work, notably in terms of the love relation, which is countered by an attention to destructive effects. The thesis demonstrates that these refusals are not only negative and that they make space for affective relations that are generally disavowed or ignored. Through the analytic prism of queer negativity, the research addresses the way in which paradoxes, loss, ruptures and absence allow queerness to emerge through Akerman’s work, in which the strangeness of the love relation prevails over the utopic.Cette thèse vise à appréhender l’esthétique queer dans les films, vidéos et installations de Chantal Akerman (1950–2015). Une approche esthétique en études cinématographiques alliée à une méthodologie queer permet de soulever des thématiques encore peu étudiées dans la littérature existante. L’usage du terme "esthétique" comprend les choix formels de continuité ou de rupture, l’organisation des séquences, les motifs et thématiques récurrents ainsi que les supports. Cette thèse s’articule autour de la négativité queer afin d’analyser la représentation de la sexualité et des histoires d’amour entre femmes dans l’œuvre d’Akerman. Dans une première partie sont traités les concepts freudiens d’après-coup et de mélancolie afin de concevoir des relations affectives qui, paradoxalement, dépendent de l’absence de l’objet aimé. Ces arguments sont développés dans la deuxième partie où est davantage étudiée la matérialité des œuvres à travers des analyses des usages de la vidéo et des espaces d’exposition. La troisième partie se penche quant à elle sur les nombreux refus qui traversent cette œuvre, notamment en ce qui concerne le rapport amoureux qui est contré par la mise en valeur de ses effets destructeurs. Il sera démontré dans cette thèse que ces refus ne sont pas uniquement négatifs car ils accordent une place aux rapports affectifs d’ordinaire reniés. Par le biais du prisme analytique de la négativité queer, nous nous intéressons à la manière dont le paradoxe, la perte, la rupture et l’absence permettent au queer d’être mis en valeur à travers l’œuvre d’Akerman, dans laquelle l’étrangeté de la relation amoureuse prime sur la dimension utopique
« Fini de jouer ! » Contre l’urbanisation de l’enfance : aux origines des terrains d’aventure en France
No full textInternational audienceCe texte souhaite éclairer les débuts de ce dispositif atypique au sein de l’animation en France ; histoire qui reste encore à explorer alors qu’elle est déjà connue pour l’Angleterre. Cet éclairage repose sur la collecte du fonds d’archives du Comité pour le développement des espaces pour le jeu (CoDEJ) en 2021 – avant leur recollement – et de l’exploration de revues pédagogiques d’associations dont Vers l’Éducation Nouvelle (VEN) des Ceméa, Camaraderie des Francs et franches camarades (FFC) et de Éducation et développement liée à l’École nouvelle française ainsi que la revue Autrement autour de cette période des années 1960-1970
Food additive mixtures in French children and adults: the nationally representative Esteban study
No full textInternational audienceThis study aimed to identify exposures to food additives and their mixtures in a nationally representative sample of French adults and children. Using repeated 24-hour dietary recalls and food records (including commercial brand information) from the cross-sectional Esteban survey (France, 2016), additive intake was estimated by merging with multiple food composition databases, and laboratory assays in food matrices. Non-negative matrix factorisation was used to identify additive mixtures. Their associations with sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors were assessed using survey-weighted regressions. A total of 2,177 adults (18-74 years old) and 1,279 children (6-17 years old) were included. Mean daily additive intake was 4.42 g/day in adults and 5.08 g/day in children. Sixty additives were consumed by at least 5% of adults, and 71 by children, including several with suspected adverse health effects (e.g., carrageenan, acesulfame K, aspartame, titanium dioxide). Three main mixtures were identified in adults and four in children, and were correlated with distinct sociodemographic profiles. In conclusion, this first nationally representative assessment of food additive exposure in French children and adults provides the evidence that food additives are consumed as mixtures and, together with emerging data on synergistic interactions, it underscores the importance of considering combined exposures in future safety evaluations.</div
Linear Rank-Metric Intersecting Codes
No full textIn this paper we introduce and investigate rank-metric intersecting codes, a new class of linear codes in the rank-metric context, inspired by the well-studied notion of intersecting codes in the Hamming metric. A rank-metric code is said to be intersecting if any two nonzero codewords have supports intersecting non trivially. We explore this class from both a coding-theoretic and geometric perspective, highlighting its relationship with minimal codes, MRD codes, and Hammingmetric intersecting codes. We derive structural properties, sufficient conditions based on minimum distance, and geometric characterizations in terms of 2-spannable q-systems. We establish upper and lower bounds on code parameters and show some constructions, which leave a range of unexplored parameters. Finally, we connect rank-intersecting codes to other combinatorial structures such as (2, 1)-separating systems and frameproof codes
Therapy-related core binding factor Acute Myeloid Leukemia – a Study of the french acute leukemia intergroup
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction Therapy-related CBF-AMLs represent approximately 10% of all CBF-AMLs and are associated with poorer outcomes, partly due to the associated solid tumor. Existing studies are small, and more data—especially NGS and cytogenetics—are needed to better define their characteristics and prognosis. Methods We analyzed data from a retrospective multicenter study (NCT05070208) and the prospective CBF-2006 trial (NCT00428558, Jourdan et al. 2014) from the French AML intergroup, including CBF-AML patients diagnosed between 2007–2020. Cases with prior chemo- or radiotherapy were classified as therapy-related (t-AML). Baseline characteristics were compared in the overall cohort. Outcomes were assessed in a sub-population of fit patients (≤80 years, cancer in remission, intensive chemotherapy). Centralized NGS was performed using 40- and 68-gene panels (36 genes in common), and MRD was assessed by RT-qPCR for RUNX1::RUNX1T1 and CBFB::MYH11. Results Among 749 CBF-AML patients included between 2007 and 2021, 78 had t-AML. t-AML patients were older (median age: 59 vs. 45 years, p<0.001), more likely to be female (68% vs. 44%, p<0.001), and had lower white blood cell counts (WBC) at diagnosis (median: 6 vs. 15 G/L, p<0.001). was the most common prior neoplasm (42%). Median interval from chemo/radiotherapy to t-AML onset was 38 months (IQR [interquartile range]: 25–69). Neoplasms were in complete remission after chemotherapy (74%) and/or radiotherapy (49%) at CBF-AML diagnosis in 83% pts and remained in sustained remission in 78% after a median follow up of 1.8 years. The distribution of RUNX1::RUNX1T1 and CBFB::MYH11 subtypes was similar between therapy-related and de novo cases (44% and 43% for RUNX1::RUNX1T1, p>0.9). Cytogenetically, X chromosome deletions were more frequent in t-AML (16% vs. 8%, p=0.016). t-AMLs showed fewer on NGS (63% vs. 75%, p = 0.019), and fewer FLT3 mutations (10% vs. 24%, p = 0.03). No other difference was observed in the mutational landscape of t-AML, including KIT and TP53 alterations. In the selected population of patients without active cancer at AML diagnosis and treated with intensive chemotherapy (n=693, including 57 t-AML), induction regimens were mainly based on 7+3 ( in t-AML vs 72% in non-t-AML, p=0.07) and consolidation courses on intermediate/high dose cytarabine courses (93% in t-AML vs 90% in non-t-AML, p=0.64). Gemtuzumab-ozogamycin was added to Cx in 9% of t-AML (vs. 10% of non-t-AML, p=1.0). Allogeneic transplant in first complete remission was performed in 9% of t-AML and 5% of non-t-AML (p=0.21). Therapy-related AML patients had a CR/CRp rate of 95%, not different from de novo patients (95%, p=0.74). MRD after one cycle of induction was not different in t-AML in bone marrow (median: 0.20% [IQR: 0.04-0.82%] vs. 0.17% [IQR: 0.03-0.49%], p=0.50) nor in peripheral blood (median: 0.02% [IQR: 0.002-0.14%] vs. 0.03% [IQR: 0.001-0.19%], p=0.85). With a median follow-up of 5.3 years (IQR :3.9-6.8), the 3-year cumulative incidence (CI) of relapse was 41% (95%CI [confidence interval]:27%-54%) in t-AML patients and 38% (95%CI:34%-42%) in non-t-AML patients (csHR=1.07 [95%CI:0.69-1.68], p=0.76). No difference was also observed for non-relapse mortality (NRM) (3-year CI-NRM: 2% [95%CI:0%-9%] for t-AML vs. 3% [95%CI:2%-5%] for non-t-AML, csHR=0.87 [95%CI:0.21-3.66], p=0.85). Overall survival (OS) was lower in t-AML in univariable analysis (3-year OS: 62% [95%CI:50%-77%] in t-AML vs 79% [95%CI:75%-82%] in non-t-AML, p=0.03). Nevertheless, this was not confirmed in multivariable analysis (HR=1.36, 95%CI:0.84-2.18, p=0.21 for t-AML) when accounting for age (per 10 years of age HR=1.27, 95%CI:1.14-1.42, p<0.001), WBC count (log10 scale HR=1.25, 95%CI:0.94-1.65, p=0.12), and CBF subtype (HR=1.19, 95%CI:0.87-1.62, p=0.29 for RUNX1::RUNX1T1). In patients who experienced relapse (n=249 including 21 t-AML), OS after relapse was dismal in t-AML (16% [95%CI:6%-45%] vs 56% [95%CI:50%-64%], p<0.0001). Conclusion This study shows that therapy-related CBF-AML patients are older, have lower WBC at diagnosis, and present with similar molecular profiles compared to de novo cases. Among a homogenous cohort of patients without active cancer and treated with intensive chemotherapy, there were no differences in CR/CRp rates, relapse incidence, or non-relapse mortality. Unlike previous studies, overall survival was not significantly different after multivariable adjustment for age, WBC count, and CBF subtype
De la démographie aux Population Studies (1985-2020)
No full textInternational audienceAround fifty articles relating to demography in the broadest sense have been published in REMI since the very first issue of 1985. They are all characterised by their interdisciplinary nature, which distinguishes them from the articles focusing on the measurement and pure analysis of demographic behaviour published in the 1950s, 1960s and 1980s in more specialised journals. REMI therefore played a pioneering role. International migration is by nature an inter-disciplinary field, and the significant articles presented here are representative of the relationship between demography and economics, history, sociology and political science. The articles published between 1985 and 2020 are listed in the final references.Desde el primer número de 1985, se han publicado en la REMI unos cincuenta artículos relacionados con la demografía en sentido amplio. Todos ellos se caracterizan por su interdisciplinariedad, que los distingue de los artículos centrados en la medición y el análisis puro del comportamiento demográfico publicados en los años cincuenta, sesenta y ochenta en otras revistas más especializadas. Así pues, la REMI ha desempeñado un papel pionero. Las migraciones internacionales son por naturaleza interdisciplinarias, y los artículos significativos que aquí se presentan son representativos de la relación entre la demografía y la economía, la historia, la sociología y la ciencia política. Los artículos publicados entre 1985 y 2020 figuran en las referencias bibliográficas finales.autorisations d'usage spécifiques.</div
Epidemiological Trends in Rheumatic and Non-Rheumatic Valvular Heart Disease in Low- and Middle-Income Countries From 1990 to 2019
No full textInternational audienceBackground Valvular heart diseases are a public health problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, their epidemiology is understudied as compared to Western countries. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological evolution of rheumatic and non-rheumatic heart valve disease (RV and NRVH) from 1990 to 2019 in LMICs. Methods Data on prevalence, incidence, mortality and DALY associated with RVHD and NRVHD were obtained from the Global Burden Disease study from 1990–2019. A comparison analysis of incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALYs was calculated to obtain percentage change for each country. Results A total of 135 LMICs were included, with most located in Africa (40%), followed by Asia, the Americas, and Oceania. The prevalence of RVHD decreased most in low-income countries (–37%), while NRVHD prevalence rose markedly in lower-middle-income countries (+251%). RVHD incidence declined in most LMICs (–7.6%), especially in Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. Conversely, NRVHD incidence increased (+16%), particularly in South America, Africa, and South/Southeast Asia. RVHD prevalence showed heterogeneous trends, with declines in Eastern Europe and Latin America but increases in Africa and Asia. An inverse association was found between SDI and RVHD-related DALYs, while no consistent trend was observed for NRVHD. Conclusion The epidemiology of valvular heart disease has shifted markedly since the 1990s, with declining RVHD prevalence but persistently high incidence in many LMICs. NRVHD indicators have been rising, creating a dual burden in resource-limited settings. This underscores the need for intensified research and targeted public health strategies
Les relations entre monnaie et langage dans la perspective de Jean Cartelier : discussion
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L’efficacité des interventions de santé publique en France : un retour en arrière ?
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Contrasting solubility and speciation of metal ions in total suspended particulate matter and fog from the coast of Namibia – Part 1
No full textInternational audienceThe western coast of southern Africa is a region of particular climate interest and crossroads for aerosols of different origins as well as fog occurrences. In this study, we present a comparison between the concentration of dissolved trace metals in pairs of total suspended particulate (TSP) and fog water samples collected in Henties Bay, Namibia, during the AErosols, Radiation and CLOuds in southern Africa (AEROCLO-sA) field campaign in September 2017. From inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry measurements, we found that the concentration of dissolved Al, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Cr is enhanced in fog samples compared to the TSP samples. We found that thermodynamic modelling predicts the formation of soluble complexes with inorganic and organic ligands in fog for Cu, Cr, and Ni, but it would predict Al and Fe to precipitate as hydroxides given the neutral pH of fog. In contrast, X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements showed the presence of oxalate of Fe complexes that could explain its enhanced dissolved concentration in fog samples, despite a neutral pH. In addition, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements revealed the presence of nano-sized colloidal particles containing Fe and Al in filtered fog samples that may appear soluble in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) measurements. We hypothesise that these complexes are formed in the early stages of particle activation into droplets when water content and, therefore, pH are expected to be lower and then remain in fog in a kinetically stable form or lead to the formation of colloidal nanoparticles.</div