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Effects of anti-inflammatory therapy in acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textInternational audienceWe examined current evidence regarding the effects of anti-inflammatory therapies in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) on the risk of cardiovascular outcomes, inflammatory markers, natriuretic peptides, and renal function. Despite growing evidence that inflammation plays a pivotal role in both the development and progression of heart failure, including AHF, only a few trials have been conducted to date in patients with AHF. A systematic literature search of PubMed, Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted in November 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating anti-inflammatory therapies in adult patients with AHF. Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate effects on clinical outcomes (death, HF readmission, or worsening HF) and inflammatory and other markers. Five RCTs were identified that enrolled a total of 289 patients to an anti-inflammatory intervention and 273 to a control. Prednisone was examined in two RCTs, anakinra in two, and colchicine in one. Three of the five trials required elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) level for entry. Anti-inflammatory therapy was associated with a reduced risk of the composite outcome (hazard ratio 0.55 [95% CI 0.35-0.86]) and an overall 54% greater reduction in CRP to end of therapy (ratio of geometric mean ratios 0.46 [95% CI 0.29-0.73]), which varied across studies. NT-proBNP and creatinine were not significantly affected. The analysis is limited by the small number of studies but suggests that anti-inflammatory therapy reduces inflammation and may reduce the risk of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with AHF
Scaling Limits of Line Models in Degenerate Environment
No full textWe consider a 2-dimensional model of random walk in random environment known as line model. The environment is described by two independent families of i.i.d. random variables dictating rates of jumps in vertical, respectively horizontal directions, and whose values are constant along vertical, respect. horizontal lines. When jump rates are heavy-tailed in one of the directions, and given by the increments of a stable process, we prove that the random walk becomes superdiffusive in that direction, with an explicit scaling limit written as a two-dimensional Brownian motion time-changed (in one of the components) by a process introduced by Kesten and Spitzer in 1979. In the case of a fully degenerate environment, a sufficient condition for non-explosion is provided, and conjectures on the associated scaling limit are formulated.Nous considérons un modèle de marche aléatoire en milieu aléatoire bi-dimensionnel appelé modèle de lignes. L'environnement est constitué de deux familles indépendantes de variables aléatoires i.i.d. strictement positives fournissant les taux de sauts dans les directions verticales, respectivement horizontales, et dont les valeurs sur les lignes verticales, respectivement horizontales, sont constantes. Lorsque les taux de saut dans l'une des directions sont à queues lourdes, et donnés par les incréments d'un processus stable, nous prouvons que la marche aléatoire devient super-diffusive dans cette direction, avec une limite d'échelle explicite s'écrivant comme un mouvement brownien bi-dimensionnel changé de temps (dans l'une de ses composantes) par un processus introduit par Kesten et Spitzer en 1979. Dans le cas d'un environnement entièrement dégénéré, nous prouvons une condition suffisante pour la non-explosion du processus, et formulons des conjectures quant à la limite d'échelle associée
Élaboration de modèles pédagogiques de responsabilité sociale en résidence de médecine familiale : protocole d’analyse logique
No full textInternational audienc
What Drives Attorney Fees in Securities Class Actions? A Multivariate and Bayesian Hierarchical Analysis
No full textThis paper provides a comprehensive empirical analysis of the evolution of attorney's compensation post the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (PSLRA) in securities class actions. Using a novel dataset of securities class action lawsuits settlements from 1996 to 2023, this paper addresses a gap in prior research by analyzing the PSLRA's impact on attorneys' fee. This study finds that during the given period the settlement size has a strong inverse relation with attorneys' contingency fees, consistent with earlier studies. The PSLRA's provision to appoint pension funds and institutional investors as lead plaintiff(s) has been proved to be effective in repressing attorneys' fees, although their influence has declined over time. High volume courts demonstrate stricter control on requested and awarded attorneys' fee. To reduce the problem of overfitting in the model and to control from random-effects arising from circuit-level, Bayesian Hierarchical model is adopted, which reveals that the PSLRA interpretation across circuit is uniform. However, the Second and Ninth circuits showing to have better control over attorneys' fee regulation because of the strong precedents fixed within the circuits. Further, there is not evidence suggesting that awarded attorneys' fee is influenced by the volume of securities action lawsuits presided over by judges or the method used to determine fees. Additionally, big law firms do not appear to charge substantially higher fees than smaller firms. These findings, further, recommends to eliminate the use of lodestar method to reduce litigation inefficiencies. Moreover, supports to establish strong precedents within circuits to enhance the control the attorneys' fees in securities class actions
Hydrogen-assisted crack propagation in a metallic polycrystalline aggregate
No full textInternational audienc
Hydrogen-assisted crack growth in polycrystalline aggregate using an anisotropic gradient damage model
No full textInternational audienc
The Notion of Civil War in Arabic: From Translation to the War in Syria
No full texthttps://lafita.hypotheses.org/633The very act of calling a conflict a “civil war” carries with it important semantic connotations that give the conflict and its parties different characteristics: an internal war between organised groups in the same country, as well as “a moment of rearticulation of the implicit and the explicit and the reign of uncertainty over identifications and belonging” (Deluermoz and Foa 2022, 14–15). In this article, I will examine the semantic connotations of “civil war” in Arabic, from its first appearance to its contemporary use. To do so, I will present the circumstances of its first translation into Arabic, focusing on a debate sparked among the Syrian opposition by the title of Samer Bakkour’s book The Syrian Exile: Civil War and Its Geographical and Demographic Implications, 2011–2020, as that debate was reflected in the pan-Arab press
What Signals Really Matter for Misinformation Tasks? Evaluating Fake-News Detection and Virality Prediction under Real-World Constraints
No full textxWe present an evaluation-driven study of two practical tasks regarding online misinformation: (i) fake-news detection and (ii) virality prediction in the context of operational settings, with the necessity for rapid reaction. Using the EVONS and FakeNewsNet datasets, we compare textual embeddings (RoBERTa; with a control using Mistral) against lightweight numeric features (timing, follower counts, verification, likes) and sequence models (GRU, gating architectures, Transformer encoders). We show that textual content alone is a strong discriminator for fake-news detection, while numeric-only pipelines remain viable when language models are unavailable or compute is constrained. Virality prediction is markedly harder than fake-news detection and is highly sensitive to label construction; in our setup, a median-based "viral" split (<50 likes) is pragmatic but underestimates real-world virality, and time-censoring for engagement features is desirable yet difficult under current API limits. Dimensionality-reduction analyses suggest non-linear structure is more informative for virality than for fake-news detection (t-SNE > PCA on numeric features). Swapping RoBERTa for Mistral embeddings yields only modest deltas, leaving conclusions unchanged. We discuss implications for evaluation design and report reproducibility constraints that realistically affect the field. We release splits and code where possible and provide guidance for metric selection
Eilenberg-Moore spectral sequence and Hodge cohomology of classifying stacks
No full textInternational audienceLet G G be a smooth connected reductive group over a field k k and Γ \Gamma be a central subgroup of G G . We construct Eilenberg-Moore-type spectral sequences converging to the Hodge and de Rham cohomology of B ( G / Γ ) B(G/\Gamma ) . As an application, building upon work of Toda and using Totaro’s inequality, we show that for all m ≥ 0 m\geq 0 the Hodge and de Rham cohomology algebras of the classifying stacks B P G L 4 m + 2 B\mathrm {PGL}_{4m+2} and B P S O 4 m + 2 B\mathrm {PSO}_{4m+2} over F 2 \mathbb {F}_2 are isomorphic to the singular F 2 \mathbb {F}_2 -cohomology of the classifying space of the corresponding Lie group. From this we obtain a full description of H > 0 ( G L 4 m + 2 , Sym j ( p g l 4 m + 2 ∨ ) ) H^{>0}(\mathrm {GL}_{4m+2}, \operatorname {Sym}^j(\mathfrak {pgl}_{4m+2}^\vee )) and H > 0 ( S O 4 m + 2 , Sym j ( p s o 4 m + 2 ∨ ) ) H^{>0}(\mathrm {SO}_{4m+2}, \operatorname {Sym}^j(\mathfrak {pso}_{4m+2}^\vee )) over F 2 \mathbb F_2