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Pour une approche collective de la prévention des atteintes à la santé au travail en France et au Québec
No full textInternational audiencePremière partie : Discussions autour du pluralisme normatif et de l'effectivité du droit dans une perspective comparative et interdisciplinair
The set of minimal distances of the monoid of plus-minus weighted zero-sum sequences and applications to the characterization problem
No full textRecently a systematic investigation of monoids of sequences of plus-minus weighted zero-sum sequences had been started, which is among others motivated by applications to monoids of norms of algebraic integers. In the current paper these investigations are continued. The focus is on the set of minimal distances of these monoids, which is an important arithmetical invariant. Applications to the characterization problem are discussed as well
Impact of X‐ray Irradiation on the Chemistry and Structure of Biogenic Hydroxyapatite: The Case of Human Enamel
No full textInternational audienceThe influence of X-ray irradiation on dental tissues has been widely studied in the context of radiotherapy for the treatment of head and neck cancer. An observation common to almost all previous reports is the decrease of enamel hardness after irradiation. However, the origin of this loss of mechanical resistance remains a matter of debate. Here, we have conducted a chemical and structural study of the effect of a single 70 Gy dose on human teeth mineralized tissues. Vickers hardness of both enamel and dentin was decreased after irradiation. Microcomputed tomography showed that only the hydroxyapatite density of enamel was modified. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman micro-spectroscopy indicated that the chemistry and crystallinity of the inorganic phase of enamel, and its organization at the micron scale, were not modified. However, Raman spectra highlighted a disorientation of hydroxyapatite nanocrystallites over the whole enamel thickness. The decrease of enamel hardness was correlated with the decrease of mineral density by assuming the presence of an additional irradiation-induced porosity. Our data suggest that X-ray irradiation can create local defects in the enamel structure, decreasing its mechanical stability. These results shed new light on the interactions between X-rays and hydroxyapatite-based materials
Asymptotic Distribution of Parameters in Trivalent Maps and Linear Lambda Terms
No full text40 pages, 16 figuresInternational audienceStructural properties of large random maps and lambda-terms may be gleaned by studying the limit distributions of various parameters of interest. In our work we focus on restricted classes of maps and their counterparts in the lambda-calculus, building on recent bijective connections between these two domains. In such cases, parameters in maps naturally correspond to parameters in lambda-terms and vice versa. By an interplay between lambda-terms and maps, we obtain various combinatorial specifications which allow us to access the distributions of pairs of related parameters such as: the number of bridges in rooted trivalent maps and of subterms in closed linear lambda-terms, the number of vertices of degree 1 in (1,3)-valent maps and of free variables in open linear lambda-terms etc. To analyse asymptotically these distributions, we introduce appropriate tools: a moment-pumping schema for differential equations and a composition schema inspired by Bender's theorem
Sexualités impudiques: Outrages à la pudeur : Récit de deux siècles de contrôle des mœurs en France
No full textInternational audienceWhat is immodest? Where does the moral limit of sexuality lie in the eyes of the law? Following a survey of French courts, the author of this book explores the legal concept of “indecent exposure”, revealing how it reflects the mores of a society. Over the centuries, thousands of people have been convicted of indecent acts. But above all, the “deviant” sexualities they practiced show the extent to which the state was able to control and judge what was immoral... or not. Tracing and analyzing these unusual, often comical situations from 1810 to the present day, the book takes us on a journey through the worlds of shamelessness and reveals, through them, those whom the State and its justice system may target, depending on the era. In other words, it analyzes how the state has become the judge of our morals. Through a meticulous examination of judicial archives, Régis Schlagdenhauffen analyzes the sometimes absurd, often dramatic situations that brought various individuals before the courts. The result is a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which the State, over time, has imposed itself as the arbiter of morals, contributing to the construction of a moral framework that has shaped French society.Qu’est-ce qui est impudique? Où se situe la limite morale dans la sexualité aux yeux de la justice ? Au terme d’une enquête au sein des tribunaux français, l’auteur de cet ouvrage explore la notion juridique « d’outrage à la pudeur » pour dévoiler comment celle-ci est le reflet des mœurs d’une société. Au fil des siècles, des milliers de personnes ont été condamnées à ce titre. Seulement, les sexualités jugées « déviantes » qu’elles pratiquaient permettent surtout de montrer à quel point l’État a pu contrôler et juger ce qui était immoral... ou ne l’était pas. Retraçant et analysant ces situations inhabituelles, souvent cocasses, de 1810 à nos jours, l’ouvrage chemine à travers les mondes de l’impudeur et dévoile, à travers eux, celles ou ceux que l’État et sa justice peuvent cibler selon les époques. Autrement dit, il analyse de quelle manière l’État est devenu le juge de nos mœurs. À travers un examen minutieux des archives judiciaires, Régis Schlagdenhauffen analyse les situations parfois absurdes, souvent dramatiques, qui ont conduit divers individus devant les tribunaux. Cette réflexion invite à une compréhension plus profonde des mécanismes par lesquels l’État, au fil du temps, s’est imposé comme l’arbitre des mœurs, contribuant ainsi à la construction d’un cadre moral qui a modelé la société française
Correctness Criteria for Second Order Multiplicative Linear Logic
No full textWe define untyped proof structures for second order multiplicative linear logic as hypergraphs that we call nets. We give a desequentialisation method associating a proof-tree its representing net, and because not all nets represent a proof we define a correctness criterion, based on parsing, which determines (and construct) the proof that is represented by a net S (if such proof exists). Because the parsing rewriting is confluent on proof nets and always decreases the size of a net our criterion runs in quadratic time.</div
Les défis d'une réforme de la santé au Sénégal : analyse qualitative de la départementalisation des mutuelles de santé
No full textTraduction de l'article publié en anglaisInternational audiencePendant une décennie, le Sénégal a organisé des mutuelles de santé au niveau communal. En réponse à leur échec, le gouvernement a lancé une réforme en 2022. Toutes les mutuelles communautaires dirigées par des bénévoles sont sur le point de disparaître au profit d'une seule mutuelle départementale dirigée par des professionnels. Cette étude qualitative vise à comprendre les enjeux de la mise en oeuvre de cette réforme. Après une longue immersion sur le terrain au niveau national et local (2020-2023), nous avons utilisé 27 entretiens approfondis pour étudier le rôle des acteurs sociaux, les idées, la dynamique du pouvoir et le contexte. Les partisans de la réforme soutiennent que les conflits d'intérêts découlant de la dynamique du pouvoir expliquent la résistance. Les opposants affirment que le public soutient le sauvetage de leurs mutuelles communautaires défaillantes. Les défis de la résistance tournent autour des statuts, des questions de pouvoir et du contrôle des ressources financières. Bien que les acteurs aient pris du temps à prendre une décision, le processus est parfois perçu comme forcé et hâtif. Cependant, la plupart des parties prenantes n'avait guère d'autre choix que de l'accepter.</div
L’identification du juge compétent pour statuer sur l’action en contestation de la validité du contrat de mission conclu entre un avocat et son client. Obs. sous Cass. 2e civ., 19 sept. 2024, n° 22-22.984,
No full textInternational audienc
Sub-Doppler spectroscopy of Rydberg atoms via velocity selection memory in a hot vapor cell
No full textInternational audienceWe study resonance redistribution mechanisms inside a hot vapor cell. This is achieved by pumping cesium atoms on the 6S 1/2 →6P 1/2 resonance and subsequently probing the velocity distribution of the 6P 1/2 population by a linear absorption experiment on the 6P 1/2 →16S 1/2 or 6P 1/2 →15D 3/2 transitions at 514 nm and 512 nm, respectively. We demonstrate that despite the existence of thermalization processes, traces of the initial velocity selection, imposed by the pump, survive in both hyperfine levels of the intermediate (6P 1/2 ) state. This observation allows us to perform sub-Doppler resolution vapor cell spectroscopy on Rydberg states using a simple pump–probe setup. At high cesium densities, redistribution mechanisms dominate, and the velocity selection vanishes. However, spectral analysis provides the collisional shifts and broadenings of the probed Rydberg states