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The challenges of health reform in Senegal: qualitative analysis of the departmentalization of community-based health insurance
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: In Senegal, community-based health insurance (CBHI) schemes have long been favoured as the main instrument for achieving universal health coverage (UHC). Historically managed by community volunteers, these schemes have struggled with financial sustainability and coverage effectiveness. In response, Senegal launched a reform in 2022, transitioning from communal to departmental CBHI schemes to enhance management and service delivery. This study aims to explore the challenges associated with implementing this reform in the country.Methods: The qualitative study was conducted from 2020 to 2023, utilizing 27 in-depth interviews with stakeholders from four regions to explore the roles of social actors, ideas, power dynamics, and context in the reform. The interviews specifically aimed to capture the dynamics of support and resistance to the transition from communal to departmental CBHI. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Results: Findings reveal significant resistance among existing communal CBHI managers who fear loss of autonomy and financial control. Stakeholders expressed concerns over the rapid and top-down approach of the reform process, which many felt was forced upon them without adequate consultation. Despite these challenges, some stakeholders recognized the potential benefits of professional management and streamlined operations to enhance healthcare accessibility and efficiency.Conclusion: The study shows that despite encountering resistance stemming from entrenched ideas, values, and power dynamics, the reform has been accepted and is currently being implemented. The role that departmental CBHI will play in the ongoing reform process remains to be seen
Coercivity-driven surface acoustic wave induced ferromagnetic resonance
No full textWe report the observation of surface acoustic wave (SAW)-driven ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) on polycrystalline FeRh in its ferromagnetic phase. A strong hysteresis of the magnetic fields at resonance is observed and is found to correlate with the static coercivity of the sample, as confirmed by temperature-dependent measurements. The angular dependence of SAW-FMR is furthermore measured and found to exhibit a wide variety of shapes that differ from commonly observed resonance curves. By modeling the hysteresis of the sample using a simple macrospin approach, we show that the observed features result from the softening of the magnetic eigenfrequency and of the magnetoelastic field allowed by hysteresis. This observation opens up the possibility of coupling resonantly SAWs to magnetization dynamics for both low magnetic fields and low frequencies, which is normally possible only for samples presenting magnetic anisotropy. Long considered a problem to be reckoned with, hysteresis may now instead offer an appealing alternative for on-chip integration of magnetic SAW sensors
Experts privés pour l’action publique : quelle responsabilité ?
No full textInternational audienceLes relations entre le savant et le politique sont souvent complexes mais rarement abordées sous l’angle de la responsabilité sociale et individuelle qu’engagent les conseils du premier au second. C’est particulièrement le cas en ce qui concerne les experts libéraux et leurs idées, ce qui est paradoxal compte tenu de l’accent libéral mis sur la responsabilité individuell
Introduction : L’économie du Brunei Darussalam – Transition vers le développement
No full textInternational audienceThe global economy is experiencing a major transformation which requires countries, specifically developing countries, to adopt new policies for economic development. Many developing economies need policies to cope with the emerging challenges of environmental change, technological revolution, the high volume of globalised trade and financial flows, cross-border labour movement, rising inequality, and frequent occurrences of economic crises and natural disasters. The United Nation’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) suggests that economic development should have a multidimensional context that includes economic, social and environmental aspects and not just income. Given the recent trends of globalisation, such development is also linked to regional and global factors. Although the development experience of some emerging economies since the 1990s suggests that the fast pace of economic reforms has led to high gross domestic product (GDP) growth, the benefits are not equally distributed. As a consequence, the notion of ‘development in transition’ (DiT) requires not only a mix of well-designed policies but also timely implementation, enforcement and monitoring of such policies, as well as international cooperation to ensure sustainable development and distribution of benefits on an equitable basis. This introductory chapter discusses the evolution of development models suggested in the literature and practised by developing countries. It then provides an overview of Brunei Darussalam’s transitions towards development. Finally, it presents a summary of all the chapters in this volume. The deliberations suggest that more commitments towards policy implementation would help the country achieve the targets set out in its Wawasan Brunei 2035 development blueprint.L’économie mondiale connaît une transformation majeure qui oblige les pays, en particulier les pays en développement, à adopter de nouvelles politiques de développement économique. De nombreuses économies en développement ont besoin de politiques pour faire face aux nouveaux défis que sont le changement environnemental, la révolution technologique, le volume élevé des échanges commerciaux et des flux financiers mondialisés, les mouvements de main-d’œuvre transfrontaliers, la montée des inégalités et la fréquence des crises économiques et des catastrophes naturelles. L’Agenda 2030 des Nations Unies pour les Objectifs de développement durable (ODD) suggère que le développement économique doit s’inscrire dans un contexte multidimensionnel qui inclut les aspects économiques, sociaux et environnementaux et pas seulement les revenus. Compte tenu des tendances récentes de la mondialisation, ce développement est également lié à des facteurs régionaux et mondiaux. Bien que l’expérience de développement de certaines économies émergentes depuis les années 1990 suggère que le rythme rapide des réformes économiques a conduit à une forte croissance du produit intérieur brut (PIB), les bénéfices ne sont pas répartis de manière égale. En conséquence, la notion de « développement en transition » (DTT) requiert non seulement un mélange de politiques bien conçues, mais aussi une mise en œuvre, une application et un suivi opportuns de ces politiques, ainsi qu’une coopération internationale pour assurer un développement durable et une répartition équitable des bénéfices. Ce chapitre introductif examine l’évolution des modèles de développement suggérés dans la littérature et pratiqués par les pays en développement. Il donne ensuite un aperçu des transitions du Brunei Darussalam vers le développement. Enfin, il présente un résumé de tous les chapitres de ce volume. Les délibérations suggèrent que davantage d’engagements en faveur de la mise en œuvre des politiques aideraient le pays à atteindre les objectifs fixés dans son plan de développement Wawasan Brunei 2035
Contestation d’honoraires d’avocat : précisions sur le régime des délais et sur le principe de la contradiction. Note sous Cass. 2e civ., 24 oct. 2024, n° 22-18.471
No full textInternational audienc
Sans clôture contradictoire du compte bancaire, pas de procédure d'injonction de payer contre le client débiteur ! Note sous CCJA, n° 012/2024, 2e ch., 25 févr. 2024
No full textInternational audienc
La finance à impact. Éclairage sur les pratiques d’une société française de gestion d’actifs solidaires
No full textInternational audienceThis article provides a comparative analysis of a "90-10" solidarity-based fund (fund "A"), which primarily seeks financial performance, and a specialised solidarity-based fund (fund "B"), which focuses on creating positive impacts without financial performance. Fund "A" is distinguished by its use of impact benchmarks and extra-financial pre-selection. The "B" fund mixes financial and extra-financial criteria, and although it is demanding in terms of impact creation, it is simpler in terms of impact reporting. Finally, these funds combine the concepts of impact and solidarity in a hybrid way: communication on the one hand, and financing and selection practices on the other.Cet article propose une analyse comparative d’un fonds solidaire “90-10” recherchant principalement la performance financière (fonds “A”) et d’un fonds solidaire spécialisé (fonds “B”), privilégiant la création d’impacts positifs sans performance financière. Le fonds “A” se distingue par une utilisation de référentiels d’impacts, et par une présélection extra-financière. Le fonds “B” mélange financier et extra-financier, et bien qu’exigeant sur la création d’impact, il restitue plus simplement celui-ci. Enfin, ces fonds combinent les notions d’impact et de solidarité de manière hybride : communication d’une part, pratiques de financement et de sélection d’autre part
Associations between degree of food processing and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a multicentre prospective cohort analysis in 9 European countries
No full textInternational audienceUltra-processed food (UPF) consumption has been linked with higher risk of mortality. This multi-centre study investigated associations between food intake by degree of processing, using the Nova classification, and all- cause and cause-specific mortality. Methods This study analyzed data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. All-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality due to cancer, circulatory diseases, digestive diseases, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease served as endpoints. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Substitution analyses were also performed. Findings Overall, 428,728 (71.7% female) participants were included in the analysis and 40,016 deaths were documented after 15.9 years of follow-up. UPFs (in percentage grams per day [g/d]) were positively associated with all- cause mortality (HRs per 1-SD: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02,1.05), as well as mortality from circulatory diseases (1.09; 95% CI: 1.07,1.12), cerebrovascular disease (1.11; 95% CI: 1.05,1.17), ischemic heart disease (1.10; 95% CI: 1.06,1.15), digestive diseases (1.12; 95% CI: 1.05,1.20), and Parkinson's disease (1.23; 95% CI: 1.06,1.42). No associations were found between UPFs and mortality from cancer or Alzheimer's disease. Replacing processed and UPFs with unprocessed/minimally processed foods was associated with lower mortality risk. Interpretation In this pan-European analysis, higher UPF consumption was associated with greater mortality from circulatory diseases, digestive diseases, and Parkinson's disease. The results support growing evidence that higher consumption of UPFs and lower consumption of unprocessed foods may have a negative impact on health
La performance financière des fonds d'investissement solidaires en France
No full textThis article examines the financial performance of French solidarity-based investment funds, also known as "90-10 funds", which combine 90% responsible listed assets and 10% solidarity assets from Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) enterprises. These funds have grown significantly since the early 2000s, in response to the challenges of sustainable development and SSE financing. However, their dual objectives-stemming from their hybrid structure, which seeks both financial returns and social impact-raise important questions about their (under)performance compared to conventional funds. Based on an original sample of 49 French solidarity-based investment funds, this study investigates the factors influencing their financial performance, with particular attention to the role of their solidarity component and their level of sustainability commitment over the period 2020-2023. Key insights emerge from this study: i) the in-depth statistical analysis reveal that these funds perform close to their benchmarks, while displaying lower volatility and risk exposure, as evidenced by beta coefficients and information ratios; ii) the econometric analysis, highlights a statistically significant and substantial negative impact of the solidarity component on financial performance. However, this factor alone does not fully account for the observed underperformance, which also reflects the influence of sustainability constraints and the presence of a non-linear relationship between ESG intensity and returns.</div
Alimentation étudiante : de l’état des lieux à la co-construction d’un outil participatif « Fresque de l’Alimentation Étudiante »
No full textInternational audienceThe student population, despite displaying a diversity of eating behaviors, tends to adopt unhealthy and non-sustainable dietary habits. Higher education institutions constitute a strategic environment to raise awareness of dietary challenges among large cohorts of students, thereby encouraging them to adopt healthier and more sustainable eating behaviors. This article provides a synthesis of current knowledge on student nutrition in France and its main determinants at the individual, interpersonal, and environmental/policy level. This state of the art facilitated the design and guided the content of the Student diet fresk, a collective and interactive workshop created with and for students. This workshop fosters collective reflection on both individual and collective levers for improving student eating practices. Easily scalable, the Student diet fresk serves as an accessible tool for raising awareness of food-related issues, engaging students, associations, and higher education institution staff alike.La population étudiante, bien que présentant une diversité de comportements alimentaires, tend à adopter des habitudes peu favorables à la santé et peu durables. Les établissements d’enseignement supérieur offrent un cadre privilégié pour sensibiliser de nombreux étudiants aux enjeux de leur alimentation, et ainsi les amener à adopter des comportements alimentaires plus sains et durables. Cet article propose une synthèse des connaissances sur l’alimentation étudiante en France et ses principaux déterminants individuels, interpersonnels et environnementaux/politiques. Cet état de l’art a facilité la conception et orienté le contenu de la Fresque de l’Alimentation Étudiante, un atelier collectif et participatif conçu avec et pour les étudiants. Cet atelier vise à susciter une réflexion collective sur les leviers d’action individuels et collectifs permettant d’améliorer les pratiques alimentaires des étudiants. Facilement déployable à grande échelle, la Fresque de l’Alimentation Étudiante constitue un outil accessible pour sensibiliser aux enjeux de l’alimentation, en mobilisant aussi bien les étudiants que les associations et le personnel des établissements d’enseignement supérieur