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Joint memo from the Inserm Ethics Committee, the LORIER program, and the Inserm Scientific Advisory Board
No full textJoint memo from the Inserm Ethics Committee, the LORIER program, and the Inserm Scientific Advisory Board (Members of the Working Group July 2024 - November 2024)1- Disclosure and transparency:1.1 Naive disclosure: Scientists must be careful about not just the uncontrolled dissemination of data (loss of data confidentiality), but also the dissemination of uncontrolled data (hallucinations, unsourced data), regardless of the digital tool used.1.2 Scientific publication: Researchers must explicitly mention the use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in their work (tools, algorithms, parameters) and distinguish the contributions obtained using AI systems from those derived from their creative activity. In publications, a "Use of AI systems" section must detail the role of AI systems, like the software used for statistical analyses. A practical guide and references will be prepared and made available on the LORIER portal.1.3 Research administration and support: Transparency must also apply to all other uses of AI systems at Inserm, particularly in the Human Resources sector (recruitment, careers, etc.).2- Attribution and transparent models: Scientists must publish the details of the AI system models (training data, versions) they create or use, and ensure their long-term archiving for replication studies. They must also promote models that enable working in compliance with good ethical practices – particularly the citation of data sources, and encourage academic uses of open science.3- Use of synthetic data: Inserm scientists are encouraged to develop the use of synthetic data that would limit the risks of research participant re-identification (anonymity within the meaning of CNIL/G291/EDPB2), while ensuring the verisimilitude of the data, their suitability for a set of secondary uses and their diversity, avoiding biases that could compromise the research. This use of qualitative anonymous synthetic data also makes it possible in certain cases to enrich datasets, particularly in areas where real data are scarce or sensitive.4- Verification of AI system findings: Responsibility for the accuracy of the analyses generated using AI systems lies with their users and particularly the researchers, who must validate their reliability and identify potential biases. Staff are invited to thoroughly test the reproducibility and reliability of AI models by 1) comparing the findings obtained with different datasets and 2) testing the findings obtained with different AI algorithms. The creation of a national cross-cutting unit on the use of digital technologies for science for health at Inserm3 could centralize follow-up information (collection of bias detections and solutions found) and help formulate the training provision in order to support this approach. Given the rapid changes occurring in AI systems and practices, continuous reflection is necessary – involving the Ethics Committee, the Scientific Advisory Board, and the LORIER program.5- Documentation of AI system data: Data generated using AI systems must be clearly identified to avoid any confusion with real observations. Researchers must guarantee the traceability of the AI system data used in the studies.6- Integrity and equity: Researchers must seek to anticipate the social impacts of AI systems. They must be trained in the legal rules, particularly regarding data protection and respect for property rights. Particular vigilance is required for under-represented or historically discriminated groups.7- Monitoring, alternative solutions and public engagement: Continuous surveillance of the societal impact of AI system use is essential. The use of AI systems in research has an environmental impact. Such systems must therefore be used sparingly and in contexts of certain relevance. AI systems using a reduced dataset and fewer parameters, such as Small Language Models (SLMs), represent frugal and sober AI. This development of responsible AI systems can also contribute to improving digital sovereignty. The national cross-cutting unit on the use of digital technologies for science for health at Inserm could gather feedback and develop a culture of transparency surrounding the uses of AI systems.8- Continuous training: Training all staff, both scientific and administrative, in digital technologies and the use of AI systems, their principles and limits, is crucial for informed and responsible use.9- Health data passport: A "data passport" documenting the origin, quality and biases of the data would enable their responsible reuse.10- Transparency portal: A portal would give participants in research conducted at Inserm visibility over the use of their health data, thereby ensuring transparency, regulatory compliance and flexibility for research
Algebraic control to ensure generalized marking constraints for a disturbed manufacturing system: Application to electronic product assembly and disassembly processes.
No full textInternational audienc
Rapport concernant la stratégie de bascule de la Ciivise dans le droit commun
No full textProposition 1 Conserver la forme institutionnelle actuelle de la CIIVISE jusqu'à octobre 2026, en donnant des moyens véritables à la commission .</div
A pictorial identification key for Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Phlebotomus sand flies
No full textInternational audienceGiven the significance of leishmaniasis as a neglected parasitic disease—ranking second in mortality and fourth in morbidity among vector-borne diseases—and the prominence of the Mediterranean and Middle East regions as key areas for leishmaniasis incidence, the study and precise morphological identification of sand flies, the proven vectors of the disease, is crucial. Unfortunately, despite this importance, there are few reliable references or identification keys for the morphological identification of sand flies in the Middle East and Mediterranean regions. Some are outdated and no longer valid or remain local (restricted to a country). To date, no comprehensive study has been conducted on the sand fly fauna and their morphological characterization across these regions. In response to this gap, we present a comprehensive pictorial identification key for male and female Phlebotomus species of Middle East and Mediterranean areas. The key includes 720 selected photos and illustrations demonstrating discriminative morphological features out of 2,000 collected. Furthermore, a collection including descriptive morphological criteria of sand flies, first description of Phlebotomus species, a comprehensive checklist of Phlebotomus species accompanied by their distribution map across Middle Eastern and Mediterranean countries, as well as extensive information on their morphometry, ecology, medical relevance, synonymy, atypical forms and morphology of female Adlerius species are given. Finally, we provide an online pictorial dichotomous key to facilitate field application
Ex vivo mechanical properties of human thoracolumbar fascia and erector spinae aponeurosis under traction loading and shear wave elastography
No full textInternational audienceThe thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) and the erector spinae aponeurosis (ESA) play an important role in the biomechanics of the spine and could be a source of low back pain. Although the TLF and ESA are key structures in several musculoskeletal dysfunctions and in tissue engineering, there is still a lack of evidence in the literature to prove that they have different mechanical properties and roles when considered as a single tissue. Furthermore, no methods are currently available to study these structures in vivo. The objective of this study was to analyze the ex-vivo tensile properties TLF and ESA, and to test the potential of ultrasound shearwave elastography (SWE) to characterize these tissues. Hundred samples from N = 10 fresh-frozen human donors were studied. Shear wave speed (SWS) was measured in all samples with SWE, and their tensile properties were measured with mechanical testing. Results show that TLF is anisotropic, and more compliant than ESA. SWS was not significantly correlated to tensile moduli.These findings could potentially aid surgeons in their daily practices, assist engineers with in silico simulations, and support physiotherapists in musculoskeletal rehabilitation by enabling them to customize medical interventions for each specific patient and clinical condition. However, further research is necessary to further investigate the behavior in terms of time-dependent response and link between the tissue anisotropy and microstructural organization
Les nouveaux Sylla : violence de l’empereur et discours sur la mémoire des violences civiles sous Septime Sévère et Caracalla
No full textInternational audienceThis paper focuses on direct references made by Septimus Severus and Caracalla to Sylla and, more widely, to a memory of civil unrest in republican or imperial times. They are the cornerstone of a dialogue between emperor and senators in which the imperial institution appropriated the imagery of severity (or cruelty depending on the point of view) related to the memory of Sulla’s dictatorship. These images acquire a performative value in a context of reaffirming imperial authority and enrich an “imperial” memory of Sylla, which was partially inherited from the past. Several monuments, such as the Equus Seueri, show that this ambivalent memory was claimed as part of a continuum of examples that contributes to build the public image of the emperors of the dynasty.Cet article se concentre sur les références directes faites par Septime Sévère et Caracalla à Sylla et, plus largement, à une mémoire des violences civiles républicaines ou impériales. Elles sont un élément constitutif d’un dialogue entre l’empereur et le Sénat dans lequel l’institution impériale s’approprie les images de sévérité (ou de cruauté selon le point de vue) associées à la mémoire de la dictature de Sylla. Ces images acquièrent une valeur performative dans un contexte de réaffirmation de l’autorité impériale et enrichissent une mémoire « impériale » de Sylla, en partie héritée. Plusieurs monuments, dont l’Equus Severi, montre que cette mémoire ambiguë est assumée et revendiquée en tant que composante d’un continuum d’exemples qui contribue à construire l’image des empereurs de la dynastie
Les infirmières sont-elles des travailleuses du care ?
No full textInternational audienceThis is the longer version of a 15-minute paper in which I showed how the collective dimension of nursing work sheds light on psychosocial aspects of care work that are more difficult to grasp in isolated activities (e.g. in people's homes). I drew on a situation of intercultural pediatric care during the Covid-19 pandemic in Colombia, extracted from one of the interviews conducted in 2023 with a nurse as part of the ANR-funded transnational program Who Cares? Rebuilding care in a post-pandemic world.The "Care, Rights and Inequalities" conference took place from April 14 to 16 2025 in Sao Paulo.Se trata de la versión extendida de una ponencia de 15 minutos en la que mostré cómo la dimensión colectiva del trabajo de enfermería arroja luz sobre aspectos psicosociales del trabajo de cuidados que son más difíciles de captar en actividades aisladas (por ejemplo, en los domicilios de las personas). Me basé en una situación de cuidados pediátricos interculturales durante la pandemia de Covid-19 en Colombia, extraída de una de las entrevistas realizadas en 2023 a una enfermera en el marco del programa transnacional financiado por la ANR ¿Quién cuida? Reconstruir los cuidados en un mundo post-pandémico.La conferencia Cuidados, Derechos y Desigualdades se desarrolló del 14 al 16 de abril 2025 en Sao Paulo.Ceci est la version longue d'une communication de 15 minutes durant laquelle j'ai montré en quoi la dimension collective du travail infirmier permettait d'éclairer des ressorts psychosociaux du travail de care plus difficiles à saisir dans des activités isolées (par exemple au domicile des personnes). Je me suis appuyée sur une situation de soin pédiatrique interculturel durant la pandémie du Covid-19 en Colombie, extraite d'un des entretiens menés en 2023 avec une infirmière dans le cadre du programme transnational financé par l'ANR Qui s'en soucie ? Reconstruire les soins dans un monde post-pandémique – RRRCare.Le congrès "Care, Droits et Inégalités" a eu lieu du 14 au 16 avril 2025 à Sao Paulo (USP)
Cost-effectiveness of a 4 days-a-week triple therapy in persons living with HIV: an ancillary study of the QUATUOR trial
No full textInternational audienceObjective: The ANRS 170 QUATUOR study demonstrated the noninferiority of a triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) taken 4 consecutive days on and 3 days off (hereafter referred to as a 4/7-days strategy) compared to a triple therapy taken 7 days a week (7/7-days strategy) for persons living with HIV and with suppressed viremia. We investigated corresponding cost-effectiveness issues. Design: Cost-effectiveness study. Setting: France. Subject, participants: All 636 persons involved in the primary analysis of the QUATUOR trial (318 per arm). Analyses were based on 10,000 simulations replicating the trial. Additional analyses included estimating the national impact of spreading the 4/7-days strategy all over France. Intervention: a 4/7-days strategy, compared to a 7/7-days strategy. Main outcome measure(s): Effectiveness was considered as the noninferiority of the 4/7-days strategy, main criterion of the trial primary analysis. Direct health resource costs ( year2022 €) were considered and included costs for ART, laboratory tests, co-medications, hospitalizations, and medical consultations. Results: The mean individual costs for ART were € 3,678 (95% confidence interval: 3,593–3,763) and € 6,450 (6,301–6,596) in the 4/7-days and 7/7-days arm, respectively (p < 0.0001), and constituted the single element with a statistical difference between the two strategies. Adopting a 4/7-days regimen in 20% of the potential recipients in France was estimated to provide annual savings of € 61,752,467 (61,569,005–61,925,136). Conclusions: The 4/7-day strategy dominates the 7/7-day strategy, providing substantial ART-related cost savings while maintaining treatment effectiveness. Study results support generalizing the proposal of 4/7-days regimens in France, in persons eligible for this strategy
Intranasal spike and nucleoprotein fusion protein-based vaccine provides cross-protection and reduced transmission against SARS-CoV-2 variants
No full textConflit d'intérêt : Isabelle Dimier-Poisson, Nicolas Aubrey, et Mathieu Epardaud sont les créateurs / actionnaires de LovalTechInternational audienceThe effectiveness of intramuscular vaccines aimed at preventing severe COVID-19 remains limited due to waning immunity and the emergence of novel variants. Next-generation vaccines are needed for broader protection and blocking virus transmission. Here, we rationally designed an original nasal subunit vaccine composed of a fusion protein (SwFN) made of Wuhan spike and nucleoprotein combined with biocompatible mucosal nanocarriers (Nc). In mouse model, the nasal Nc-SwFN vaccine elicited multivalent serum and mucosal neutralizing antibodies. Robust spike and nucleoprotein cross-reactive immunity against variants was induced with a predominant phenotype of resident memory T cells in the lungs. Moreover, Nc-SwFN led to protective responses against Wuhan and Delta infection in relevant models with an absence of morbidity, mortality, and virus dissemination in the lungs and brain. Finally, Nc-SwFN drastically reduced host-to-host transmission. These promising results underscore the advantages of the nasal Nc-SwFN approach as a broad-spectrum vaccine candidate against current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants
