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Constitutionnalité ou inconstitutionnalité de la protection contre le licenciement des membres de CPPNI, note sous Cass. soc., 19 nov. 2025, no 25-14.582
No full textInternational audienc
Formal solution for the generalized mutual exclusion contraints problem in a class of timed Petri nets.
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Bouvard et Pécuchet face au désordre écologique, ou les affres d’une certaine vanité scientifique
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Jack Kerouac and the American Spectacle: Resistance and Authenticity in Primitivism, Transcendence, and Communion
No full textInternational audienceThis book explores the search for authenticity in the work of Jack Kerouac in the context of postwar American capitalism and the rise of the spectacle as a dominant mode of social mediation. It examines how Kerouac’s experimental prose, spiritual inquiry, and relational aesthetics function as strategies of resistance to cultural homogenization, existential alienation, and hyper-individualism. Drawing from philosophy, anthropology, media theory, cognitive and evolutionary science, and narratology, the study traces how Kerouac reimagines American identity through encounters with the Other, esoteric forms of knowledge, and intersubjective experience. Combining close textual analysis with a broad interdisciplinary lens, it considers how Kerouac’s liminal position—as both insider and outsider—enables a unique literary response to the anxieties of his time. By placing Kerouac in dialogue with thinkers such as Guy Debord, Jean Baudrillard, Friedrich Nietzsche, and C. G. Jung, this book sheds new light on the aesthetic, philosophical, and political dimensions of his work
The Need for Transformative and Equitable Health Policy
No full textInternational audienceAbstract COVID-19 has led to a sharp deterioration in livelihoods in Africa and plunged many people into extreme poverty, increasing the number of people excluded from health services. This situation is exacerbated by security issues in regions such as the Sahel, which weaken health budgets in favour of security budgets. Countries in the Sahel have health systems that struggle to provide their populations with the health services they need. The most disadvantaged groups are excluded from healthcare. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the fragility of social protection systems and reaffirmed the challenges facing health systems, as well as the need for equitable and transformative implementation of health policies. This means that health services and models must include the poor and their specific needs and provide an opportunity for multisectoral engagement so that health is a cross-cutting issue that should be addressed in other areas of the lives of the poor beyond the health system. Using the COVID-19 crisis as a starting point, this chapter uses comparative analysis to examine fundamental health policy issues in general and those affecting the poor in particular, based on the cases of four countries: Burkina Faso, Benin, Mali, Niger, and Senegal
Unpacking the green box: Endogenous preferences and environmental policy stringency in European Countries
No full textInternational audienceThis paper identifies the determinants of the OECD Environmental Policy Stringency (EPS) index using a panel of 21 European countries for the period 2009-2019. If there is a large literature on the macroeconomic, political, and social determinants of EPS, the analysis of people’s preferences towards environmental policies is still burgeoning. Thus, the main goal of this paper is to estimate the effects of environmental preferences on the EPS indicator. Due to the endogeneity of preferences, we have applied an instrumental variable framework to estimate our empirical model. Our most important result is to show that environmental preferences have a positive and significant effect on the level of the EPS indicator once the endogeneity bias has been taken into account: on average, a rise in the prevalence of environmental preferences of 1% in a country will increase the aggregate EPS indicator by at least 0.25%. Furthermore, it should be noted that the channels through which environmental preferences influence the EPS operate primarily through market and technological instruments. In these two cases, the estimated elasticities are almost four times higher than for the aggregate index. Our results have important policy implications
Inégalités de Sobolev Logarithmique généralisées par le schéma JKO
No full textUsing a discrete Bakry-Émery method based on the JKO scheme, relying on the dissipation of entropy and Fisher information along a discrete flow, we establish new generalized logarithmic Sobolev inequality for log-concave measures of the form under strict convexity assumptions on . We then show how this method recovers some well-known inequalities. This approach can be viewed as interpolating between the Bakry-Émery method and optimal transport techniques based on geodesic convexity.En utilisant une version discrète de la méthode de Bakry–Émery basée sur le schéma JKO, reposant sur la dissipation de l’entropie et de l’information de Fisher le long d’un flot discret, nous établissons une nouvelle inégalité de Sobolev logarithmique généralisée pour des mesures log-concaves de la forme , sous des hypothèses de stricte convexité sur . Nous montrons ensuite comment cette méthode permet de retrouver certaines inégalités bien connues. Cette approche peut être vue comme une interpolation entre la méthode de Bakry–Émery et les techniques de transport optimal fondées sur la convexité géodésique
L’aide publique en Europe : une compensation fiscale ?
No full textL'aide publique aux entreprises apparaît aujourd'hui comme un instrument central de la politique économique tant en Chine, qu'aux Etats-Unis et que dans certains pays européens comme la France. Ce travail analyse les déterminants des niveaux de soutien fiscal aux entreprises en Europe. À partir d'un nouveau jeu de données combinant la Global Tax Expenditure Database et les statistiques d'Eurostat, il propose une mesure intégrée des aides publiques incluant dépenses fiscales et subventions directes. Les résultats montrent que les explications classiques de la littérature -niveau de développement, orientation politique des gouvernements et variétés de capitalisme -ne permettent pas de rendre compte des différences observées entre pays. En revanche, le soutien fiscal apparaît fortement corrélé au niveau des prélèvements obligatoires. L'article avance ainsi l'hypothèse de compensation fiscale, selon laquelle les pays avec des niveaux de prélèvement obligatoires élevés tendent à accorder davantage d'aides fiscales aux entreprises. Cela permettrait de faire baisser les taux de prélèvement nets des aides
The CEKHP method as novel research to capitalize experiential knowledge in health promotion: A method paper
No full textInternational audienceIn health promotion, traditional evidence-based approaches have shown limitations in capturing the complexity of real-world interventions and in integrating the experiential knowledge of field actors. The CEKHP (Capitalize, collect, and circulate Experiential Knowledge in Health Promotion) method was developed in France as a response to this gap, offering a structured process for documenting and disseminating experiential knowledge. This method paper aims to describe the CEKHP methodology and demonstrate its added value for research and practice in health promotion, using a hospital-based pediatric oral health education program as a case study. The CEKHP method involves a five-step process (framing, data collection, analysis, validation, dissemination) facilitated by a trained third party in collaboration with project leaders. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, then analyzed thematically based on a guiding capitalization question. The process produced a structured “capitalization sheet” co-validated by stakeholders. The method captured valuable contextual, procedural, and strategic elements of the program, highlighting barriers (e.g., perception of educational actions as secondary) and facilitators (e.g., institutional support, multidisciplinary collaboration). It enabled a reflexive analysis of the implementation and provided actionable insights for adaptation and transferability to other hospital settings. The CEKHP method bridges a critical gap in health promotion by formalizing the collection of tacit knowledge from practitioners. It contributes to a broader understanding of intervention applicability, supports reflective practice, and enhances the knowledge base beyond conventional evidence. As such, it is a promising tool to complement evidence-based strategies with practice-informed insights
Optimal cut-off point of left ventricular ejection fraction for prediction of death in end-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with systolic dysfunction
No full textInternational audienceBackground: In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), end-stage disease is traditionally defined by a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) below 50%. This cut-off point is widely used and supported by observational data linking it to increased mortality. However, this binary definition may oversimplify the continuum of systolic dysfunction and fail to accurately capture its prognostic significance. We aim to determine the optimal cut-off point of LVEF for predicting long-term all-cause mortality in a large cohort of consecutive end-stage HCM patients.Methods: All patients referred for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) assessment of HCM at three French university hospitals between 2008 and 2024 were retrospectively screened. All patients with HCM and LVEF < 50% were included. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality using the National Registry of Death. A conditional inference tree (C-Tree) and Youden index method were applied to identify the optimal cut-off point of LVEF for predicting all-cause mortality. A propensity score matching approach was applied to optimize covariate balance between groups, ensuring standardized mean differences < 0.1. Cox proportional hazards models were used both before and after propensity score matching, as well as after adjustment for traditional prognostic factors. A restricted cubic spline model assessed the continuous relationship between LVEF and all-cause mortality, adjusted for covariates used in the Cox model.Results: Among 2,875 eligible patients with HCM, we included 691 patients (mean age 53 ± 7 years, 54% male) with a LVEF < 50% for the study. The optimal cut-off point of LVEF for predicting all-cause mortality was 40% with both methods. Among those, 492 patients had a LVEF of 40–50%, and 199 a LVEF < 40%. The patients with LVEF < 40% had more advanced structural and functional abnormalities: larger LV end-diastolic volumes (LVEDV indexed 99 ±11 vs 83 ±7 mL/m², p< 0.001), higher prevalence of right ventricular dysfunction (28% vs 5%, p< 0.001), and greater presence (66% vs 26%) and extent (2.4 ± 1.9 vs 0.6 ± 1.2 segments; p< 0.001) of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). After propensity score matching, two groups of 191 patients were obtained, with comparable baseline characteristics. After a median follow-up of 9 years (IQR 6–11), 226 patients died (32%). After adjustment for traditional prognostic factors, a LVEF value < 40% was strongly associated with increased mortality before and after propensity score matching (HR: 23.6 [95% CI: 14.6–38.1]; p< 0.001 and HR: 20.5 [95% CI: 12.4-33.9], p< 0.001 respectively) (Figure 1). Annualized mortality rate was strongly higher with LVEF< 40% (15.1 versus 0.7, p< 0.001).Conclusion: In this large multicenter cohort of end-stage HCM patients, a LVEF cut-off point of 40% delineated a subgroup with substantially increased mortality, which remained significant after adjustment for traditional prognostic factors and was confirmed following propensity score matching