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Rigor mortis. Sur l’université d’aujourd’hui, au milieu de trois crises
No full textInternational audienceThis essay is divided into two parts. The first part presents a diagnosis of the contemporary (neoliberal) university in the light of three interrelated crises: a categorical crisis, an institutional crisis and an informational crisis.The first of these crises refers to the collapse of Modernity itself and the categories that underpinned the sense of the University - such as the nation-state, the individual and reason - which are displaced by logics of economic efficiency and technocratic management. The second refers to the functioning of the institution itself, marked by the corporatisation of processes and the precarisation of its agents, within the framework of a general depoliticisation of the University. Finally, the third crisis centres on the effects of the current informational regime, which, due to saturation and speed, overwhelms traditional methods of transmission and production of knowledge, eroding the depth and legitimacy that has historically characterised the University. In the second part, the essay links these crises to the production of neoliberal-digital and proto-fascist subjectivities, highlighting the role that the University has played in this dangerous process of transition. Faced with this panorama, the need arises to repoliticise the university from a libertarian praxis that favours a transformation from the micropolitical: an educational dynamic that prioritises freedom of criticism, freedom of teaching, as well as freedom and autonomy in the exchange between teachers and students, breaking with the moulds of neoliberal bureaucracy.Originally published in English as part of a book chapter, the French and Spanish versions are available here.Este ensayo cuenta con dos partes. En la primera, se presenta un diagnóstico de la Universidad contemporánea (neoliberal), a la luz de tres crisis interrelacionadas: una crisis categorial, una crisis institucional y una crisis informacional. La primera de estas crisis remite al desborde de la propia Modernidad y de las categorías que sustentaban el sentido de la Universidad –como el Estado-nación, el individuo y la razón–, que son desplazadas por lógicas de eficiencia económica y gestión tecnocrática. La segunda refiere al funcionamiento de la institución propiamente dicho, marcado por la corporativización de los procesos y por la precarización de sus agentes, en el marco de una despolitización general de la Universidad. Por último, la tercera crisis se centra en los efectos del actual régimen informacional, que por saturación y velocidad desborda los métodos tradicionales de transmisión y producción del conocimiento, erosionando la profundidad y la legitimidad que históricamente ha caracterizado a la Universidad.En la segunda parte, el ensayo vincula estas crisis con el auge de subjetividades neoliberal-digitales y protofascistas, evidenciando el rol que la Universidad ha jugado en esta peligrosa transición. Frente a este panorama, se plantea la necesidad de repolitizar la universidad desde una praxis libertaria que propicie una transformación desde lo micropolítico: una enseñanza que priorice la libertad de crítica, la liberta de cátedra, así como la libertad y la autonomía en el intercambio entre docentes y estudiantes, rompiendo con los moldes de la burocracia neoliberal.Publicado originalmente en inglés como parte de un capítulo de libro, aquí se están disponibles las versiones en francés y español.Cet essai comporte deux parties. Dans la première, on présente un diagnostic de l'université contemporaine (néolibérale), à la lumière de trois crises interdépendantes : une crise catégorielle, une crise institutionnelle et une crise informationnelle.La première de ces crises renvoie au débordement de la modernité elle-même et des catégories qui sous-tendaient le sens de l'université - telles que l'État-nation, l'individu et la raison - qui sont déplacées par des logiques d'efficacité économique et de gestion technocratique. La deuxième concerne le fonctionnement de l'institution proprement dite, marqué par la corporatisation des processus et la précarisation de ses agents, dans le cadre d'une dépolitisation générale de l'université. Enfin, la troisième crise se concentre sur les effets du régime informationnel actuel, qui, par saturation et vitesse, dépasse les méthodes traditionnelles de transmission et de production de connaissances, érodant la profondeur et la légitimité qui ont historiquement caractérisé l'université.Dans la deuxième partie, l'essai relie ces crises à l'essor des subjectivités néolibérales-numériques et protofascistes, mettant en évidence le rôle que l'université a joué dans cette dangereuse transition. Face à ce panorama, il est nécessaire de repolitiser l'université à partir d'une pratique libertaire qui favorise une transformation à partir de la micropolitique : un enseignement qui privilégie la liberté de critique, la liberté de la chaire, ainsi que la liberté et l'autonomie dans les échanges entre enseignants et étudiants, en rompant avec les modèles de la bureaucratie néolibérale.Publié à l'origine en anglais comme chapitre de un livre, les versions en français et en espagnol sont disponibles ici
Nanoengineered high entropy alloys thin films with tailored mechanical properties
No full textInternational audienceThe development of high-performance metallic films has become a necessity for various applications such as microelectronics or energy production. In this regard, high entropy alloys thin films (HEA-TFs) have gained attention as a potential candidate due to their combination of mutually exclusive properties such as high yield strength (up to 6.5 GPa for NbTaMoW), ductility, and thermal stability [1], while offering a wide range of chemical compositions. However, a nanoengineering approach for the synthesis of new film architectures with controllable features on the micro and nanoscale is still an open challenge, requiring the implementation of new synthesis routes. Here, I will present different strategies to improve the mechanical and thermal behavior of HEA-TFs. The first one involves the use of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) for the synthesis of CoCrCuFeNi HEA-TFs with a wide range of microstructures and nanosized grains, enabling Hall-Petch strengthening. By controlling the background pressure during deposition, a transition from compact to nanogranular morphology is observed for deposition pressures >1 Pa, as well as a reduction of the domain size, going from 38 down to 12 nm. Both compact and nanogranular films by PLD show a hardness of ~11 GPa, which is higher than sputter-deposited counterparts (~8.3 GPa) and other literature results due to their smaller grain sizes leading to Hall-Petch strengthening, while micropillar compression shows a yield strength up to 2 GPa and high plastic deformability at 30% of strain. Post-thermal annealing treatments reveal grain coarsening and segregation of a secondary BCC phase starting at 370°C. However, nanogranular films maintain a lower grain size during annealing (30% deformation [1] Y. Zou et al., Nano letters, 17, 2017; [2] A. Sàenz-Trevizo et al., Nanotechnology, 31, 202
Energy stable and linearly well-balanced numerical schemes for the non-linear Shallow Water equations with Coriolis force
No full textInternational audienceWe analyse a class of energy-stable and linearly well-balanced numerical schemes dedicated to the nonlinearShallow Water equations with Coriolis force. The proposed algorithms rely on colocated finite-difference approx-imations formulated on cartesian geometries. They involve appropriate diffusion terms in the numerical fluxes,expressed as discrete versions of the linear geostrophic equilibrium. We show that the resulting methods ensuresemi-discrete energy estimates. Among the proposed algorithms a colocated finite-volume scheme is described.Numerical results show a very clear improvement around the nonlinear geostrophic equilibrium when comparedto those of classic Godunov-type schemes
Risk of incident cancer in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease with prior breast cancer: a multicenter cohort study
No full textInternational audienceBackground and AimsBreast cancer is the most common malignancy observed in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The aim of our study was to evaluate incident cancer rate (recurrence or new-onset cancer) in a cohort of IBD patients with a history of breast cancer according to the subsequent IBD treatment provided.MethodsA multicenter retrospective study included consecutive IBD patients with prior breast cancer. The inclusion date corresponded to the diagnosis of index malignancy. Follow-up lasted from cancer diagnosis until the occurrence of incident cancer.ResultsAmong 207 patients included (median disease duration: 13 years [IQR 6 - 21]), first line treatment (median interval of 28 months [IQR 7 - 64]) was a conventional immunosuppressant in 19.3 % of patients, anti-TNF in 19.8 %, vedolizumab in 7.2 % and ustekinumab in 1.9 %.After a median follow-up of 71 months [IQR, 34 - 148], 42 (20%) incident cancers were observed (34 breast cancer recurrences). Adjusted incidence rates per 1000 person-years were 10.2 (95%CI 6.0- 16.4) for the untreated arm and 28.9 (95%CI 11.6-59.6) for exposed patients (p= 0.0519). There was no significant difference between treated patients and controls regarding incident-cancer free survival rates (p=0.4796). In multivariable analysis, factors associated with incident cancer were stage T4d (p=0.036), triple negative tumor (p=0.016) and follow-up of less than 71 months (p=0.005).ConclusionWe did not find a statistically significant increase in incident breast cancer related to IBD treatment beyond the already known poor prognostic factors of breast cancer
« Le projet GBOOK : promouvoir à une échelle européenne des livres non stéréotypés et positifs du point de vue du genre »
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Agafonov's Theorem for finite and infinite alphabets and probability distributions different from equidistribution
No full textInternational audienceAn infinite sequence over a finite alphabet {\Sigma} of symbols is called normal iff the limiting frequency of every finite string w exists and equals |{\Sigma}|^{|w|}. A celebrated theorem by Agafonov states that a sequence {\alpha} is normal iff every finite-state selector. Normality is generalised to arbitrary probability maps \mu: {\alpha} is is \mu-distributed if, for every finite string w, the limiting frequency of w in {\alpha} exists and equals \mu(w). Unlike normality, \mu-distributedness is not preserved by finite-state selectors for all probability maps \mu. This raises the question of how to characterize the probability maps \mu for which \mu-distributedness is preserved across finite-state selection, or equivalently, by selection by programs using constant space.We prove the following result: for any finite or countably infinite alphabet {\Sigma}, every finite-state selector over {\Sigma} selects a \mu-distributed sequence from every \mu-distributed sequence {\alpha} iff \mu is induced by a Bernoulli distribution on {\Sigma}, that is a probability distribution on the alphabet extended to words by taking the product. The primary -- and remarkable -- consequence of our main result is a complete characterization of the set of probability maps, on finite and infinite alphabets, for which Agafonov-type results hold. The main positive takeaway is that (the appropriate generalization of) Agafonov's Theorem holds for Bernoulli distributions (rather than just equidistributions) on both finite and countably infinite alphabets. As a further consequence, we obtain a result in the area of symbolic dynamical systems: the shift-invariant measures {\nu} on {\Sigma}^{\omega} such that any finite-state selector preserves the property of genericity for {\mu}, are exactly the positive Bernoulli measures
‘Our Rebellions are Also Festivals’. Fêtes Politiques and Popular Music in 1970s France
No full textInternational audienceSince their inception in the late nineteenth century, French left-wing fêtes politiques had always relied on compromises between revolutionary politics and mass communion. They staged an ideal socialist people, while also engaging in a symbolic dialogue with its mundane aspirations. After World War II, the success of a globalized, industrialized mass culture dangerously tipped the scales in the latter’s direction. In the 1960s, this tradition was challenged by the individualistic, anti-authoritarian, and festive facets of the new youth culture, which were embodied in rock popular music, and dramatically displayed in May ’68. Should leftist parties adapt to the new conjuncture, adopt Anglo-American music, and risk losing their identity and purpose? The study of popular music in 1970s partisan festivals sheds light on the productive relations between the French left’s political culture and post-1968 mass cultural politics
Une étude diachronique de la construction du dispositif de la création de vidéo sur internet
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Towards the Common Data Model for an Intensive Medicine Data Space in Europe
No full textInternational audienceThis work aims to identify the Key Research Areas for building and deploying the semantic interoperability framework for the Intensive Medicine Data Space in Europe. A set of European experts defined four research areas and associated challenges: i) to characterize the value of Common Data Models, vocabularies and standardized data elements for creating the foundation for the standardization of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) data sets, ii) to derive the Common Data Model ensuring seamless data interoperability supporting the querying and access to high-quality, multi-modal data located on federated nodes according to the FAIR principles, iii) to define and support the data standardization process enabling efficient secondary use of ICU data set during the execution of key decision support use cases through the Intensive Medicine Data Space in Europe and beyond, and iv) to define requirements for anonymization and pseudonymization for the good balance between data protection and innovation
A reflection on Fabien Hein’s Hard Rock, Heavy Metal, Metal: Histoire, Cultures et Pratiquants
No full textInternational audienceHard Rock, Heavy Metal, Metal can be considered one of the founding works of metal studies, at least for France and the French-speaking world. Published in 2003, it sought to define the terms associated with this culture, to propose a socio-history, a grammar of the sub-genres of metal and finally, through a field survey, to specify the practices and socio-economic characteristics of its stakeholders