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Interleukin 17-producing C-C motif chemokine receptor 6 + conventional CD4+ T cells are arthritogenic in an animal model of spondyloarthritis
No full textInternational audienceObjective: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of chronic inflammatory disorders associated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I allele HLA-B27. Transgenic rats expressing HLA-B27 and human β2-microglobulin (B27 rats) develop clinical manifestations resembling SpA called rat SpA. IL-17 and TNF are key proinflammatory cytokines implicated in both human and rat SpA. We aimed to determine which T cell subset(s) produce IL-17 and TNF during rat SpA, characterize their tissue distribution and tested their pathogenicity in vivo. Methods: Cytokine production by T cell subsets was evaluated in target tissues and lymphoid organs during rat SpA. Pathogenicity of purified IL-17+ cells was assessed in vivo by cell transfer. Blood samples were used to translate B27 rats findings to SpA patients. Results: Conventional CD4+ T cells (Foxp3-; Tconv) and γδ T cells were the main producers of both IL-17 and TNF in B27 rats. IL-17-producing Tconv and γδ T cells were expanded in the colon of premorbid 3-weeks-old B27 rats. C-C motif chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) allowed the isolation of IL-17+ Tconv (Th17) in rat. Transfer of B27 rat IL-17-producing CCR6+ Tconv but not of γδ T cells into disease-free nude B27 rats induced arthritis, directly demonstrating for the first time the arthritogenic potential of Th17 cells in SpA. Finally, a CCR6+ IL-17+ Tconv expansion enriched for IL-17F production was evidenced in SpA patients. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that IL-17+TNF+CCR6+ Th17 cells and IL-17+ γδ T cells are expanded preceding SpA onset in B27 rats and that only IL-17+TNF+CCR6+ Th17 cells can trigger arthritis
Early-life environmental exposures and the risk of endometriosis/adenomyosis in the NutriNet-Santé cohort
No full textInternational audienceObjectiveThe etiology of endometriosis is poorly known; established risk factors are limited and few environmental risk factors have been identified. We aimed to explore the associations between several perinatal and childhood environmental exposures and the risk of endometriosis/adenomyosis in women.MethodsThis study was based on NutriNet-Santé, an ongoing web-based prospective cohort following-up several tens of thousands of French adults since 2009. The analysis included 25,251 women with health data available who completed a self-administered questionnaire on perinatal and childhood exposures in 2019. Associations with self-reported endometriosis/adenomyosis were investigated using multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders identified through direct acyclic graphs.ResultsAmong women, 1126 (4.5 %) self-reported a diagnosis of endometriosis/adenomyosis. Endometriosis/adenomyosis was positively associated with a low birth weight (<2500 g vs. ≥2500 g: adjusted odds-ratio (aOR) = 1.43, 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) = 1.03–2.00), exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy (aOR = 1.86, 95 % CI = 1.33–2.61), daycare attendance (aOR = 1.61, 95 % CI = 1.11–2.33), exposure to pets in childhood (both cat and dog vs. no animals: aOR = 1.23, 95 % CI = 1.08–1.41), and mold exposure in housing during childhood (aOR = 1.42, 95 % CI = 1.15–1.74). Conversely, living on a farm during childhood (aOR = 0.77, 95 % CI = 0.62–0.97) and having farmer parents (aOR = 0.72, 95 % CI = 0.54–0.97) were inversely associated with endometriosis. Maternal age at birth, birth length, prematurity, mode of delivery, or exposure to breastfeeding was not associated with endometriosis/adenomyosis.ConclusionFindings from this large population-based study among French adult women suggest associations between several perinatal and childhood exposures and endometriosis/adenomyosis. Research on early-life and childhood environments with endometriosis/adenomyosis might have important implications for the primary prevention of endometriosis and adenomyosis
The NPIS Model: A Standardized, Consensus-Based Framework for Evaluating Non-Pharmacological Interventions
No full textBackground. The term non-pharmacological intervention (NPI) refers to health prevention and care protocols supervised by healthcare professionals. However, no precise and widely adopted definition currently exists. Additionally, unlike drugs, NPIs lack a global evaluation framework due to the absence of consensus among stakeholders, driven by the heterogeneity of intervention content and study protocols. This heterogeneity limits scientific impact, hinders dissemination and continuous improvement of practices, and contributes to significant mistrust among professionals and users. Method. From 2022 to 2023, we conducted a consensus study, collaborating with over 1,000 stakeholders—including researchers, healthcare users, healthcare practitioners, health operators, scientific societies and health authorities—to co-construct a NPI definition along with a framework for evaluating NPIs that aligns with their specific characteristics and international health research standards. This framework—the NPIS Model—was developed under the guidance of a multidisciplinary committee of 22 experts through iterative, open, and documented exchanges across four stages: i) creation of an initial list of ethical and methodological items by a committee of 70 members, ii) refinement of this list by a committee of 300 members, iii) open voting on each item by 503 voters, and iv) consultation with 36 scientific societies and 14 health authorities. Findings. We reached a consensus defining an NPI as an "evidence-based, effective, personalized, non-invasive health prevention or care protocol, registered and supervised by a qualified professional". Based on this definition, we developed the NPIS Model, which includes 77 recommendations for evaluating NPIs—14 ethical and 63 methodological. Each recommendation received at least 80% agreement among voters. The recommendation are categorized into five types of studies: mechanistic, observational, prototypical, intervention, and implementation. To date, the NPIS Model has been endorsed by 31 scientific societies and three health authorities. Interpretation. The NPIS Model promotes transparency, methodological rigor, ethical standards, and transferability for NPI research, increasing the value of NPIs for researchers, healthcare practitioners, healthcare users, and health authorities
Instrumenter la recherche sociologique sur des matériaux audiovisuels : le cas d’uneenquête sur les usages du numérique à l’école
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MB-ORES: A Multi-Branch Object Reasoner for Visual Grounding in Remote Sensing
No full textWe propose a unified framework that integrates object detection (OD) and visual grounding (VG) for remote sensing (RS) imagery. To support conventional OD and establish an intuitive prior for VG task, we fine-tune an open-set object detector using referring expression data, framing it as a partially supervised OD task. In the first stage, we construct a graph representation of each image, comprising object queries, class embeddings, and proposal locations. Then, our task-aware architecture processes this graph to perform the VG task. The model consists of: (i) a multi-branch network that integrates spatial, visual, and categorical features to generate task-aware proposals, and (ii) an object reasoning network that assigns probabilities across proposals, followed by a soft selection mechanism for final referring object localization. Our model demonstrates superior performance on the OPT-RSVG and DIOR-RSVG datasets, achieving significant improvements over stateof-the-art methods while retaining classical OD capabilities. The code will be available in our repository: https://github.com/rd20karim/ MB-ORES.</div
Démêlons la Communication Interprofessionnelle en santé : une revue de portée
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Actes des deuxièmes rencontres nationales sur les recherches en musique (RNRM'25): Les futurs des recherches en musique
No full textNational audienceThe sheer diversity of music research in France today calls for an overview, with a view to future prospects in this singular field. Initially structured within academic laboratories and driven by learned societies, this research has also been carried out in recent years in higher music education establishments accredited by the French Ministry of Culture, as well as by a wide range of players involved in the creation and dissemination of music, from national centers for musical creation to independent artists.These second national encounters deal in particular, and without limitation, with the relationship between research and musical practice:- the relationship between scientific research and artistic practice, in particular the role of musical skills (instrumental, compositional, organological, etc.) within a research approach to music, and research-creation approaches;- new forms of research by musicians into their practices (composition, performance, pedagogy), the study of creative processes and the epistemological and technological challenges of experimental research into music or interdisciplinary forms;- the impact and applications of music research in the fields of music creation, performance, music education, mediation, music making and the music industry;- the challenges and modalities of research training for musicians in France and abroad, with a focus on doctorates in composition, performance, pedagogy, mediation, etc.La pluralité des recherches en musique en France aujourd’hui invite à en dresser un panorama pour envisager les perspectives à venir de ce domaine si singulier. Structurées à l’origine au sein de laboratoires académiques, menées sous l’impulsion de sociétés savantes, ces recherches se déploient également depuis quelques années dans les établissements d’enseignement supérieur de la musique accrédités par le ministère de la Culture, ainsi qu'au travers de nombreux acteurs de la création et de la diffusion, des centres nationaux de création musicale jusqu’aux artistes indépendants.Ces deuxièmes rencontres nationales traitent notamment, et sans limitation, des rapports entre la recherche et la pratique musicale :- l’articulation entre recherche scientifique et pratique artistique, notamment le rôle des compétences de type musical (instrumentales, compositionnelles, organologiques, etc.) au sein d’une démarche de recherche portant sur la musique et les démarches de recherche-création ;- les nouvelles formes de recherche des musiciens sur leurs pratiques (composition, interprétation, pédagogie), l’étude des processus de création et les enjeux épistémologiques et technologiques de ces recherches expérimentales sur la musique ou des formes interdisciplinaires ;- les impacts et les applications de la recherche en musique dans le champ de la création musicale, de l’interprétation, de la pédagogie musicale, de la médiation, de la facture et de l’industrie musicale ;- les enjeux et les modalités de la formation à la recherche des musiciens en France et à l’étranger, avec une attention portée aux doctorats en composition, interprétation, pédagogie, médiation, etc
Predictors of first-dose COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Benin: Evidence from a cross-sectional study based on a telephonic survey
No full textIntroduction: Vaccination against COVID-19 is an essential tool in the fight against the pandemic, but adherence to vaccination programmes is a major challenge, particularly in African countries. This study aimed to identify determinants of uptake of the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine using large-scale data collected from the Beninese population. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and analytical study using a telephone survey between December 2021 and January 2022. The study covered Beninese aged 18 and over. Marginal quota sampling (n = 858) was used, with age, gender and department as quota variables. The questionnaire was inspired by the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Health Belief Model. Binary logistic regression was used at the 5% significance level. Results: According to this study, 56.9% of people had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The likelihood of getting the first dose is increased by having confidence in the vaccine (aOR= 2.009; CI= 1.414-2.853), finding the length of waiting time at vaccination centres acceptable (aOR= 1.601; CI= 1.128-2.273), living in the centre of Benin (aOR= 2. 398, IC= 1.461-3.935), not having heard or seen anything bad about the vaccine (aOR= 1.586 IC= 1.444-2.200), and having a high perceived benefit (aOR= 1.57; IC: 1.003-2.458). However, the main barriers to vaccination were never having been vaccinated as an adult (aOR= 0.463; CI: 0.333-0.643), being over 60 (aOR= 0.428; CI: 0.220-0.832), and perceiving the risk of vaccination as high (aOR= 0.669; CI: 0.481-0.931). Conclusions: This study has provided results that can guide decision-makers in epidemic response programmes against COVID-19 and other similar pandemics Vaccination coverage is not negligible, but efforts are still needed, particularly in the south, among the elderly and people without previous vaccination experience. It is also important to improve confidence in the vaccine and to combat misinformation
Syndromic and biological screening for sexually transmitted infections in female sex workers in Côte d’Ivoire: the ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE cohort study
No full textInternational audienceBackground Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk of contracting STIs, in particular in Sub-Saharan Africa. The implementation of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis provided an opportunity to draw attention to the sexual health needs of FSWs. Innovative strategies to screen for and reduce the burden of STIs is thus a priority. This study describes STI screening among FSWs enrolled in the PRINCESSE project in Côte d’Ivoire. Methods The PRINCESSE project (2019–2023) was an interventional cohort of FSWs ≥18 years, evaluating a comprehensive, community-based sexual and reproductive health care package, including the management of STIs, offered through mobile clinics operating on prostitution sites in San Pedro area. HIV testing and syndromic STI testing were offered at baseline and every 3 months. Biological testing of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) was offered annually. Clinical forms included sociodemographic, behavioral and sex-work-related characteristics. We describe baseline characteristics, coverage of clinical examination, and vaginal, anal swab collection. Social, behavioral and sex work-related factors associated with an STI syndromic diagnosis were explored. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with diagnosing a symptomatic STI. Results 489 FSWs were included in the PRINCESSE cohort. Median age was 29 years (24–35 years), 28.6% had had sex without a condom in the last 7 days. The prevalence of HIV at baseline was 10.5%. Only one case of HIV seroconversion was observed during the project. The most frequent symptom was ano-vaginal discharge (19.1%). The prevalence of STI based on clinical symptoms was 26.6%. The proportion of vaginal swab samples for which the PCR result was positive was 8.0% for CT and 4.0% for NG. Only age remained significantly associated with diagnosing a symptomatic STI in the multivariable analysis. Conclusion This study revealed a high prevalence of HIV and STIs, similar to national estimates among FSWs enrolled in a sexual health cohort. Screening for these generically asymptomatic bacterial STIs must be combined with the syndromic approach used in key populations, especially with the introduction of new PrEP programs, to reduce the exposure of individuals in these populations to STIs