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PACT: Pruning and Clustering-Based Token Reduction for Faster Visual Language Models
No full textInternational audienceVisual Language Models require substantial computational resources for inference due to the additional input tokens needed to represent visual information. However, these visual tokens often contain redundant and unimportant information, resulting in an unnecessarily high number of tokens. To address this, we introduce PACT, a method that reduces inference time and memory usage by pruning irrelevant tokens and merging visually redundant ones at an early layer of the language model. Our approach uses a novel importance metric to identify unimportant tokens without relying on attention scores, making it compatible with FlashAttention. We also propose a novel clustering algorithm, called Distance Bounded Density Peak Clustering, which efficiently clusters visual tokens while constraining the distances between elements within a cluster by a predefined threshold. We demonstrate the effectiveness of PACT through extensive experiments
Do corporate governance mechanisms help to reduce carbon emissions? Some empirical evidence on listed companies in France, Germany, United-Kingdom and Japan
No full textInternational audienc
Did the resurgence of childhood lower respiratory infections offset the initial benefit of COVID-19-related non-pharmaceutical interventions in children? A time-series analysis
No full textInternational audienceBackground Following non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) lifting in 2021, an important surge in childhood lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) was reported in several countries, raising major concerns about the middleterm consequences of such interventions. Whether this recent upsurge overwhelms the initial benefit of NPI remains unknown. MethodsWe conducted an interrupted time-series analysis based on exhaustive national surveillance systems. All hospitalisations from January 2015 to March 2023 and all ambulatory visits for LRTI from a network of 110 paediatricians from June 2017 to March 2023 were included. The main outcome was the monthly incidence of children hospitalised for LRTI per 100,000 over time, assessed by a seasonally adjusted quasi-Poisson regression model. ResultsWe included 845,047 hospitalisations. The incidence of hospitalisation for LRTI significantly decreased during the NPI period (-61.7%, 95% CI -98.4 to -24.9) and rebounded following NPI lifting, exceeding the pre-NPI baseline trend (+ 12.8%, 95% CI 6.7 to 19.0). We observed similar trends for hospitalisation due to bronchiolitis, pneumonia and pneumonia with pleural effusion, along with ambulatory LRTI. Overall, despite the recent rebound, 31,777 (95% CI, 25,375 to 38,179) hospitalisations for paediatric LRTI were averted since NPI implementation up to 2023.Conclusions Three years after their implementation, despite an increase in LRTI incidence, the middle-term impact of NPI remains highly beneficial in preventing overall paediatric LRTI. The implementation of some societally acceptable NPI, particularly during epidemics, may be considered in the future to further reduce the burden of paediatric LRTI.</div
Empowerment as a key mechanism for supporting changes in eating behaviors among disadvantaged immigrant women living with diabetes, obesity or hypertension: a realistic evaluation
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Quantification of Urine and Plasma Levels of Extracellular Vesicles in a Cohort of Kidney Transplant Recipients and Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
No full textInternational audienceExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have a key role in intercellular communication. We hypothesized that EVs are biomarkers of nephropathy or kidney allograft rejection. We screened patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney transplant (KT) recipients. We measured the urine and plasma levels of total EVs overall and EV subpopulations (positive for podocalyxin, aquaporin-1, CD133, CD144, CD19, CD3, CD16, CD56, or CD41). We included 92 patients with CKD, 70 KT recipients, and 33 healthy volunteers. In CKD, the total urine EV concentration was correlated positively with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), but none of the subpopulations was identified as a potential biomarker of nephropathy. Among the KT recipients, 30 had good allograft function and 40 had allograft disease (13 with antibody-mediated rejections (ABMR), 12 with T-cell-mediated rejection (TCMR), and 15 with allograft dysfunction). Patients with ABMR had low plasma levels of EVs derived from B-cells, T-cells, and endothelium (p = 0.003, 0.009, and 0.005, respectively). Patients with TCMR had a low urine level of EVs derived from endothelium (p = 0.05). EVs derived from B-cells, T-cells, and endothelium might be biomarkers of kidney allograft rejection. However, we did not identify biomarkers of nephropathy in CKD
Single- versus multiple-sampling strategy for blood cultures in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis: the prospective multicenter UniEndo study
No full textInternational audienceBackground Single-sampling strategy (SSS) for blood cultures (BC) has not been evaluated in infective endocarditis (IE). We assessed the diagnostic performance of SSS vs conventional multi-sampling strategy (MSS) in IE diagnosis. Methods Patients suspected of IE were prospectively enrolled in 8 tertiary-care centers. Five BC bottle pairs were sampled from each patient. Pairs 1, 2 and 3 were sampled simultaneously, followed by 2 additional separate pairs (4 and 5) sampled more than one hour later. Pairs 1, 2, and 3 emulated SSS and pairs 1, 4, and 5 emulated MSS. The sensitivity and specificity of the major microbiologic criterion of the 2015-ESC IE diagnostic criteria, based on the SSS and MSS BC results, were calculated using the endocarditis team's diagnosis as the gold standard. Results An IE was diagnosed in 101 (39.4%) of the 256 patients enrolled. Sensitivity rates of SSS and MSS were 50.5% (95%CI [40.7–60.2]) and 45.5% (95%CI [35.8–55.3]), respectively (p = 0.063), while specificity rates were 94.8% (95%CI [91.4–98.3]) and 95.5% (95%CI [92.2–98.8]), respectively (p = 1). In IE patients, SSS as compared to MSS accurately upgraded the diagnosis from possible to definite IE in one patient and downgraded it in none. Conclusion Using SSS to define the major microbiologic criterion was as sensitive and specific as using MSS for diagnosing IE. Using SSS instead of MSS BC results did not lead to erroneous changes in diagnostic class according to the 2015 ESC criteria. Consequently, SSS may be regarded as standard practice for IE diagnosis
Quand rêver, c’est déchanter : le récit d’anticipation onirique
No full textInternational audienceLe rêve du personnage est un élément récurrent de l’anticipation, de l’utopie et de la science-fiction. Au-delà du simple topos narratif, il s’agit d’une modalité créative de projection fictionnelle dans un monde alternatif. On sait d’ailleurs son importance dans des œuvres emblématiques allant au moins de Louis-Sébastien Mercier (L’An 2440. Rêve s’il en fut jamais, 1771) à René Barjavel (La Nuit des temps, 1968), en passant par William Morris (Nouvelles de nulle part, 1890) et H.G. Wells (Quand le dormeur s’éveillera, 1899). Le rêve marque toute une histoire du récit futuriste qui en fait un principe d’exploration, voire un seuil entre le référent réel et les différents degrés de la fiction. Il permet un dépaysement psychique, cognitif et même physique. Proche des thèmes de l’hallucination et de l’état modifié de conscience, il rejoint également l’imaginaire de la suggestion hypnotique et le vertige des paradis artificiels. Une attention narrative à la place du rêve dans l’économie du récit d’anticipation fait apparaître plusieurs cas de figure, associés chacun à une configuration spécifique de ce genre. Le rêve peut être explicité dès le départ, comme moyen de transition vers un autre monde, plus ou moins progressif ou soudain. C’est le cas du Monde tel qu’il sera (1846) d’Émile Souvestre, qui transporte d’emblée son couple de protagonistes en l’an 3000 par l’entremise d’un génie qui les endort pour exaucer leur souhait, ou encore de Dix mille ans dans un bloc de glace (1889) de Louis Boussenard, roman dont le personnage savant, accidentellement gelé lors d’une expédition, se réveille dans un avenir qui lui fait découvrir un nouveau monde. Le rêve peut aussi être mobilisé comme un élément central de la diégèse et thématiser ainsi son principe exploratoire lui-même. C’est ce que développent L’Homme depuis cinq mille ans (1865) de Samuel-Henry Berthoud, qui conduit son protagoniste à arpenter le Paris du troisième millénaire suite à l’inhalation d’éther, Le Monde dans deux mille ans (1878) de Georges Pellerin, où un savant se trouve lancé dans le futur par un magnétiseur qui l’endort à des fins documentaires, ou encore dans Ce que seront les Hommes de l’an 3000 (1907) de Gustave Guitton, qui raconte comment une potion permet de voyager dans le temps par un sommeil hallucinatoire volontaire. Enfin, le rêve peut être révélé à la fin du récit, alors qu’il n’était pas initialement présenté comme tel. Cela génère la surprise du lecteur, à la manière d’un twist final propre à relancer la tension narrative. Cela amène surtout à réinterpréter rétrospectivement l’histoire racontée. Ce procédé est susceptible de modifier le pacte de lecture vraisemblable de la conjecture romanesque rationnelle en le faisant basculer dans le registre de la fantaisie et du merveilleux par la modalité irréelle de l’onirisme. Ce cas s’observe notamment dans Ignis (1883) de Didier de Chousy, Voyage dans la lune avant 1900 (1892) de A. Ville d’Avray, Les Robinsons lunaires (1891) et Les Aventures extraordinaires d’un savant russe (1896) de Georges Le Faure, et même Le Voyage d’Urien (1893) d’André Gide. Dans ces récits, le personnage s’avère un narrateur non fiable égaré dans un rêve qu’il ignorait et duquel il sort finalement pour réintégrer une réalité fictive plus rassurante ou plus compréhensible. Par contraste, le monde imaginaire se retrouve mis en abyme, en doute voire en crise. Ce faisant, la sortie finale du rêve contribue à réévaluer le point de vue initialement porté sur la société future ou alternative. Comme l’expérience même du rêve ne s’apparente pas toujours à une découverte émerveillée, mais prend plus volontiers l’allure d’un cauchemar anxiogène, on peut se demander si le réveil permet d’échapper au pire. Cela soulève des questions poétiques, pragmatiques et logiques. Irait-on ainsi du cauchemar à sa conjuration ? Que fait cet onirisme imprévu à la portée exploratoire du récit d’anticipation ? Quelles affinités entretient-il avec le genre de la dystopie, elle aussi centrée sur une évaluation négative ou critique du monde alternatif ? Et dans quelle mesure contribue-t-il à déplacer les frontières entre l’utopie et ses variantes désenchantées
Creation of NV centers and control of their location in very thin single- crystal diamond films
No full textInternational audienceDiamond is an outstanding material for a wide range of applications, including optics, electronics, biomedical field, mechanics and quantum technologies, due to the unique combination of its remarkable physical and chemical properties. Over the last few years, a Distributed Antenna Array (DAA) microwave system, composed of 16 microwave plasma sources arranged in a 2D matrix, has been used for the deposition of single-crystal diamond (SCD) layers by operating with H2/CH4/CO2 and H2/CH4/O2 gas mixture. One of the interests is its low working pressure ( 300 cm2) at very low growth rates (< 100 nm.h-1) [1]. The latter is very useful to control the thickness and therefore the position of particular defects inside the diamond layers, such as colour centres, which are particularly interesting for quantum technology applications [2-3]. For instance, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres could be localised with a high precision within the diamond film.In this work, we successfully synthesize N-doped SCD films of ~150 nm-thick (10 times thinner than in previous achievements [1]) using the DAA microwave reactor, by adding N2 to the initial gas mixture. Combined with relevant post-treatments, such as helium ion implantation and annealing, it has proved possible to localize NV centres in very thin layers of around 50 nm, covered with a thin encapsulation layer of pure SCD deposited in the DAA system. This process for localizing the NV centres is compared to the implantation of SCD intrinsic layers achieved in the DAA reactor with N2+ ions, especially in terms of NV-/NV0 photoluminescence intensities and coherence time (T2*) .References1.C. Mahi et al., Synthesis of single crystal diamond films using a distributed antenna array microwave system. SBDD XXVIII, Feb 2024, Hasselt, Belgium.2.L. Rondin, et al. Rep. Prog. Phys. 77 (2014) 056503 3.J. Achard et al. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 53 (2020) 31300
Automatically generated cardiovascular digital twin in critical care: a proof of concept study
No full textInternational audienceThis proof of concept study demonstrates the capabilities of a virtually automatically generated digital twin framework for enhancing hemodynamic monitoring in critical care. By combining a deterministic cardiovascular model with patient-specific data through data assimilation techniques, the digital twin can act as a data denoiser, reconstruct physiological waveforms that are typically unavailable in critical care settings and generate clinically relevant biomarkers. Validation was performed using real data from patients under general anesthesia. The proposed framework efficient calibration and ability to follow the patient's state over time supports the possibility of real-time bedside applications
Special Issue: Migration as Crisis
No full textArticles: - Migration as Crisis; - The Making of a Crisis: Migration and Polarization in the French Press; - Migration as Crisis? German Migration Discourse at Critical Points of Nation-Building; - Talking about Migration in Times of Crisis: A Textual Analysis of Narratives by IOM and UNHCR on Migrants and Refugees; - Deterring Migration in Times of Crises: The Ethics of Behavioral Change in Migration Information Campaigns; - The Bosnian War and Refugee Policy: Crisis Management and Migration Control; - Justice in the Jungle: Litigation and Judicial Violence in Calais Refugee Camps at the French–UK Border; - Symbolic Rewards as Migration Diplomacy: Crisis and Containment in EU–Turkey Migration Cooperation; - Institutional Creation as a Local Governance Response to Syrian Refugees: The Case of Turkish Municipalities