SUST Journal Systems (Sudan Univ. of Science and Technology)
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معالجة مياه الشرب باستخدام الطاقة الشمسية
No full textSudan has the blessing of the sun shining; we can take advantage of this renewable
energy to design drinking water treatment systems, especially Sudan suffers from contamination of
drinking water. In this study, the design of device made of available local materials and uses solar
energy for water treatment has constructed. Samples of water were collected and analyzed before and
after treatment and then the results compared to the Sudanese drinking water standards to ensure
conformity of the treated water to bacteriological, physical and chemical specifications. We found that
the treatment completely got rid of pathogenic bacteria and improved the physical and chemical
properties of water
A Fraud-Detection Fuzzy Logic Based System for the Sudanese Financial Sector
Get PDFFinancial fraud considered as a global issue that faces the financial sector and economy; as a result, many financial institutions loose hundreds of millions of dollars annually due to fraud. In Sudan, there are difficulties of getting real data from banks and the unavailability of systems which explain the reasons of suspicious transaction. Hence, there is a need for transparent techniques which can automatically detect fraud with high accuracy and identify its causes and common patterns. Some of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques provide good predictive models, nevertheless they are considered as black-box models which are not easy to understand and analyze. In this paper, we developed a novel intelligent type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems (FLSs) which can detect fraud in debit cards using real world dataset extracted from financial institutions in Sudan. FLSs provide white-box transparent models which employ linguistic labels and IF-Then rules which could be easily analyzed, interpreted and augmented by the fraud experts. The proposed type-2 FLS system learnt its fuzzy sets parameters from data using Fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering as well as learning the FLS rules from data. The proposed system has the potential to result in highly accurate automatic fraud-detection for the Sudanese financial institutions and banking sectors
RECOVERY OF OIL FROM PRODUCED WATER
Get PDFThe study was conducted in Malute Basin Block 3 and 7 located in the Republic of South Sudan in
Palouge Field. Produced water is a mixture of organic and inorganic materials. Produced waters
characteristics depend on the nature of the producing/storage formation from which they are withdrawn,
the operational conditions, and chemicals used in process facilities. The composition of produced water
from different sources can vary by order of magnitude. However, produced water composition is
qualitatively similar to oil produced the major compounds of produced water include: Dissolved Oil,
Dissolved formation minerals, Production chemical compounds, Production solids (including formation
solids, corrosion and scale products). The data were collected using different methods: chemical and
physical analysis, Analysis of produced water to study the effect and volume of dissolved oil in produced
water. The study aimed to assess recovery of dissolved oil in produced water using produced water
treatment package. Analysis run for 31 Samples of produced water which were taken within 31days. Oil
in water was measured using HACH DR/4000 Spectrophotometer .Results showed that the total
dissolved oil in water is in the range 96.68 to 847.43 mg/L inlet in Palouge field and from 21.51to 83.33
mg/L outlet .Then random samples were analyzed from Adar Field ,Moleeta Field, and Gumry Field ,to
assess quantity of Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHC). Besides, many chemical treatments, whose
initial and/or running cost are high and produce hazardous sludge. The most important study
recommendations are to decrease the effect of discharging produced water to underground and surface
water and reduce cost of handling of produced water by using a relatively new technology to separate oil
and gas from produced water at the bottom of the well
Design of a Novel X-band Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array with TE20 Mode Feeding
Get PDFThe Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array (SWAA) was introduced since the decade of 40s.
This type of antenna array is well known by its reliability and ability to handle large amounts of power
and high operating frequencies, so that the SWAA is commonly used as a part of radar systems. This
research paper studies the design of a novel X‒band Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array (SWAA) which is
excited by TE20 mode. The radiation characteristics of TE20 mode excited SWAA are compared with
conventionally designed TE10 mode excited SWAA. The CST Microwave Studio (CST MWS) simulation
results show that the SWAA with TE20 mode feeding features high bandwidth, narrow beamwidth, and
high gain as compared with TE10 mode fed SWAA. Feeding the SWAA by using TE20 mode instead of
TE10 mode results in increasing the bandwidth by 5.7 %, decreasing the beamwidth by 30˚, and improving
the antenna array gain by 2.2 dBi higher than the obtained gain with TE10 mode feeding
The importance of Training on Engineering Control of Hazardous
Get PDFThis study illustrates how Jubail Technical Institute successfully integrated
different empowerment training principles into the teaching methods and curriculum of an
Industrial safety training program. The 8 months follow-up survey involved local industries
respondents, each representing a separate plant site, a group of trainees, staff members and
graduates of the chemical skills department. The evaluation shows that 93.3% of the teaching
staff believe that the competency based training method is one of the best ways to help the
technician in how to control risk using pilot plant, compared to other well-known training
methods. 75% of the graduates confirmed that training using pilot plant is the best method of
training in engineering control of the risks of chemical processes compared to theoretical training
or training using models. 93% of the trainees emphasized that the training in engineering control
of the risks of chemical processes at the institute and before graduation helps to understand the
risk control processes. 20% of the industrial sector confirms that the costs of training in
engineering risk control in petrochemical plants are higher than other risk control methods. The
data substantially supported the importance of Training in Engineering Control of Hazardous
Materials Using Pilot Plant
Rheologyical Properties Evaluation of Sudanese Bentonite with Different Additives
Get PDFThis study was carried out to assess the rheological properties and filtration loss for a drilling
fluid prepared from local bentonite. Required data and sampleswere carfelluy gathered from the study
area(Al-fao area) in accord of approved sampling procesdures. Mineralogical, physical, chemical tests were
carried out to assess quality of local bentonite. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC), polyanionic cellulose
polymer(PAC-LV), and sodium carbonate(Na2CO3)wereused to increase viscosity and to decrease filtration
losses. The results have shown that the local bentonite can satisfy the American Petroluem Institute (API)
specifications for different concentrations of CMC and PAC-LV. Adition of 10% CMC concentration for the
selected local bentonite, inhances rheological properties, filter loss and yield point as related to plastic
viscosity ratio became within the range of API specification
Modeling Of Oil Spill Trajectory and Fate in Sudanese Red Sea Coastal Water
Get PDFPrediction and simulation of the trajectory and weathering of marine oil spills are
essential to the development of pollution response and contingency plans, and the evaluation
of environmental impact assessments. In this study, SL Ross Trajectory and fate modeling
was applied to identify the shortest time for oil to reach Bashayer Red Sea shoreline in order
to model the worst case scenarios. Four different scenarios were tested out, two for winter and
two for summer. Results showed that in winter the spill movement is towards south and
southwest while it moves to the northwest in summer. In both cases the spill will contact
Bashayer Marine Terminal (BMT) shoreline within 4 hours in winter and 6 hours in summer
rely on the combined effect of wind and tidal current. It was also shown that between 47.7 to
64% of the oil remain on the surface after 10 hours of spil
استخدام الخبث البركاني والبيرلايت السوري في انتاج مواد بناء ذات أداء حراري مميز
No full textThis research deals with the possibility of using natural insulation materials locally
available in Syria (perlite and pozzolan) in producing mixtures that achieve a main objective which is
good thermal isolation. In other words, the use of building materials that improves the thermal
performance of the building. Concrete samples were designed and molded with a fixed percentage of
coarse pozzolan as 34% and fine pozzolan as 11%, and variable perlite percentages between 0% to 48%,
the rest was lime sand, The compressive resistance of the resulting samples, their dry densities, and their
thermal conductivity were measured and the relation between these variables was investigated in order to
be used in the thermal and structural design of the building.
The results showed that the replacement of limestone with perlite led to a clear reduction in thermal
conductivity which reached 0.237 W/m
Synthesis, structural and optical properties of ZnO Nano-rods used in Solar Cells fabrication
Get PDFSudan has vast areas of fertile land, abundance of minerals, water, winds and sunshine, many types of these energies become a valid option. However, in this research, the focus shall only be concern-ing one type of renewable energy, which is solar energy. The conventional solar cells are mainly made up of doped silicon electrodes. Their major task is to convert visible light to electrical energy according to the photovoltaic (PV) conversion method. However the production of these crystalline silicon solar cells is very complicated and expensive. Therefore the aim of this research is to produce ZnO nano-rods with optimum characteristics that can be used in the construction of low-cost solar cells. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nano-rods in powder form were synthesized using the hydrothermal method, which is a simple and inex-pensive method. The refinement of X-Ray diffraction (XRD) pattern was used to find and investigate the structural properties of the nano-rods. The morphology and size of the ZnO nano-rods were determined by a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), while the EDX studies confirmed the formation of ZnO functional group. The optical band gap energy was obtained using both UV-VIS-NIR diffuse reflectance and absortion spectroscopy also photo-luminesces (PL) was used
Scheduling Problem under Constrained Resources: A Historical Review of Solution Methods and Computer Application
Get PDFIn construction projects, project execution time is a major concern of the involved stakeholders (client, contractors and consultants). Optimization of project scheduling through time control is considered as a critical factor in project management. Many studies were carried out and many models and software packages were developed since the fifties and till now, but no clear cut methods, to optimize resources while satisfying different constraints were found. The importance of the subject stemmed from the fact that project time completion affects the overall project cost. Considering the most two widely applied scheduling methods: Critical Path method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), it is found that negligence of handling limitation of resources is evident in most cases. On the other hand, a resource leveling technique which is used to reduce the sharp variations in the resource demand histogram cannot handle the issue of1 minimizing project duration since it is used when there are enough resources. So the leveling process is accomplished by shifting only the non-critical activities within their floats. This paper show a number of heuristics and models to solve scheduling problem of projects subjected to limited resources. Different heuristic methods applied in past studies were examined in order to be tested and applied in a simple example, as a pilot study, so as to be used in real complex projects