SUST Journal Systems (Sudan Univ. of Science and Technology)
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Innovation of New Cleaner Technology: Tannage by Local Tanning Agent Acacia Nilotica (Garad) and Aluminum Retannage
Get PDFThe present work was carried out to reuse chromium tannage and establish new
cleaner technology by using vegetable tanning (garad) with aluminum alternatives to chromium
tannage. Twelve pickled cattle hides were treated in pilot drum with speed of 8 rpm in four trails.
Used garad (Acacia nilotica) as tannage offers vegetable agent (30%) and Aluminum as retannage
in different percentage (1, 2, 3, 4 %), followed by 10% garad. Chemical analysis of leather viz.
percentage of moisture, ash, and fat were carried out for the experimental leathers. Physical
testing including thickness, tensile strength, percentage elongation at break, and shrinkage
temperature. The chemical properties of leathers in all trials are found to be quite normal. The
shrinkage temperature of experimental leathers for all trails above 70°C, tensile strength that
above 215 Kg/cm2
Brain Tumor Detection Using Artificial Neural Networks
Get PDFIn this study a functional models of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is proposed to
aid existing diagnosis methods. ANNs are currently a “hot” research area in medicine,
particularly in the fields of radiology, cardiology, and oncology. In this paper an attempt was
made to make use of ANNs in the medical field. Hence a Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD)
system using ANNs to classify brain tumors was developed in order to detect and classify the
presence of brain tumors according to Magnetic Resonance (MR) Image, and then determined
which type of ANNs and activation function for ANNs is the best for image recognition. Also the
study aimed to introduce a practical application study for brain tumor diagnosis. Neural network
must be able to determine the state of the brain according to MR image. In all procedures, image
processing and ANNs design, MATLAB was incleded. From each MR Image a Harlick texture
features was extracted to prepare training data which was introduced to neural network as input
and target vectors. ANNs was designed using MATLAB tool "nntool". Results obtained explain
Elman Network, with log sigmoid activation function, surpassing other ANNs with a
performance ratio of 88.24%
Modeling of Cyclic Water Injection, East Unity Oil Field – Sudan
Get PDFIn this study cyclic water flooding method using numerical model was tested
in a middle to a high permeability zones and compared with the actual water injection
method used in the field. The study was carried out on a Sudanese oil reservoir which
resulted of fluvial and lacustrine deposition. The field is a highly complex anticline with
major flanking faults extended to east and west. The reservoir highly heterogeneous is
characterized by mid to high porosity and permeability. The actual water injection
method used in East Unity is a continuous method (twelve months per year) through a
three injection wells. In this study, cyclic water injection was evaluated in Aradeiba
formation simulating several cyclic water injection scenarios by "injection/no injection"
time ratios such as 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2. Improved sweep, accelerated oil production, and
reduced water-cut were the main advantages that could be obtained from cyclic
waterflooding. The total oil production was predicted to show an increase of 2% from the
targeted reservoirs after 10 years, while the cumulative water injection is expected to
decrease by 15 – 18%. However, 28.22% of the oil in the area can be produced during 10
years using the scenario 2:1 which is expected to result in an increase of 2.54% compared
with the water injection method used
Effects of Gum Arabic Addition on the Behaviour of Water Base Drilling Fluids
Get PDFThis research paper discusses the use of Gum Arabic as additive materials to the fluids used in drilling and try to answer the following question, how Gum Arabic to a parched additive affects the drilling fluid properties? The researcher did a laboratory tests under different temperatures. The results showed high fluid stability when using Percentage of 0.76 and 21.44% as weight value of Gum Arabic
Soba Upper- Draught Hoff-Mann Kiln Temperature Distribution
Get PDFThis study aimed to convert the operation of Soba circular kiln, the top-fired one,
with the suction of hot gases up-wards (upper- draught kiln), to the way of suction of heat
down-wards (down-draught kiln) in order to draw and distribute the high concentrated
quantity of heat at the kiln top-crown down- wards to the bottom of the kiln, and allover of it
as much as possible. Suction-pipes of special specifications was used to link between the
bottom of the kiln and the main exhaust suction-pipes system in order to draw the hot gases
concentrated at the kiln top-crown, down-wards to the bottom of the kiln. Extensive field
work and laboratory studies had been carried out during this study achieved a consistent
results and finding lead to a good high quantity and quality of fired red bricks
Reconstruction Algorithm for Sound Speed Distribution in the Female Breast
Get PDFIn the last few years, Ultrasound Computed Tomography (USCT) techniques has become an attractive and hot research area. Herein, we present a robust iterative USCT reconstruction algorithm, which based on bent ray theory. The object to be imaged is encircled by uniformly distributed transduc-ers, whereas one transducer acts as a transmitter and the remains work as receivers. The travel-time meas-urements can be used to estimate the sound speed distribution by solving a nonlinear system of equations. Our proposed scheme is based on the straight ray approximation, which is valid for breast ultrasound tomographic imaging. On this basis, we have formulated a cost function that defines the difference be-tween the measured first arrivals and those calculated for a given velocity model in the least squares sense. Then, the sound speed image can be obtained by finding the best solution which minimize this dif-ference. Our method is able to resolve very fine details even in very complex structured objects. The pre-sented results approve the accuracy and robustness of our approach for breast screening application
Simulation of Synchronous Machine in Stability Study for Power System: Garri Station as a Case Study
Get PDFThis paper aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an adaptive artificial
intelligence on enhancing the stability of gas turbine-Garri Power Station, which is designed
to generate about 38MW. Fuzzy logic method controller was proposed based on stabilizer to
enhance the power system stability. Linguistic rules and fuzzy inference mechanism are
utilized to tune the controller parameters in different operating states. The proposed controller
was applied to a single machine infinite bus system, represented by Gas Turbine-Garri Power
Station (GPS). Simulation studies have been carried out using TILLSHELL software. The
simulation results demonstrated that the proposed control scheme performs well and strongly
control the power system under different loading conditions, disturbances and system
parameter variations. The proposed controller is robust and more suitable for damping of low
frequency oscillation and more effective in improving dynamic stability and voltage profile
than the conventional systems
INTEGRATING BUSINESS PROCESS CONCEPTS INTO UML ACTIVITY MODEL
Get PDFThe Unified Modeling Language (UML) activity model is widely accepted for
modeling processes from pure technical views. Because it's rich high level design language and
supported by standard body; OMG which involve most of top worldwide IT players. It turns out in
modeling information systems, business processes are main component so needs suitable modeling
language such as Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) that is originated in organization
domain. However, learning new language has the cost of learning curve. Since UML activity model
has commonality with BPMN as both share the core principles of process modeling, this paper
proposes sustainable change to UML activity model by introducing business concepts so technical
modelers can speak with UML activity a different language. This synergistic relationship not only
doubles the benefit of UML activity and reduces the learning curve, but also highlight the differences
that add value to editor providers. A light weight extension or profile has been designed and
evaluated using a real case stud
High Speed Low Power Cyclic Redundancy Check-32 using FPGA
Get PDFCyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is a method used for error detection technique and data integrity. CRC take a block of a message‟s bits and divide it by a binary number called polynomial, the result of this division is the checksum that will be added to the message. On the receiver side, the same division will be performed to get the remainder which could be compared with the transmitted checksum if there are no differences that are mean there are no errors. This paper aims to design CRC32 that applied in the Ethernet frame by using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Virtex-7. Lookup tables and slicing-by-16 algorithm are used together to calculate the CRC32 in parallel. Xilinx ISE used as IDE and synthesis tool and I-Sim used for simulation purposes. The result of this design is 1.250 ns which is the processing time and 102.4 Gbps which is the throughput, furthermore the power consumption is very low as well as the device utilization
Impact of Static Synchronous Compensatoron Performance of Distance Protection of Transmission Lines
Get PDFThe effect of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) installed at transmission line on the
performance of distance protection is investigated in this paper. The paper explores an apparent impedance
calculation procedure for transmission line incorporating STATCOM based on the power frequency sequence
circuits. A detailed model of 6 pulses STATCOM and its control and a mho relay model are proposed and
integrated into the transmission system. The paper investigates distance protection operation of transmission
lines with STATCOM connected at the midpoint during several operation conditions. Installation of
STACTOM in the midpoint to control the reactive power flow affects the operation accuracy of distance
relays. The simulation results of distance relays for the protection of transmission line incorporating
STATCOM are presented. The analytical calculations show the impact of STATCOM on the distance
protection relays during the different faults conditions. The study is carried-out using PSCAD/EMTC
software