SUST Journal Systems (Sudan Univ. of Science and Technology)
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Production of Granular Activated Carbon from Mesquite Trees
Get PDFThis paper study the production of granular activated carbon (AC) from mesquite trees, where the
previous studies used other materials. Mesquite trees have many problems to agriculture and environment,
especially here in Sudan. It’s grows quickly and furnish shade and wildlife habitat where other trees will not grow.
Activated carbon was prepared through chemical activation using ortho phosphoric acid in a fixed concentration
(95%) to activate the raw material at 600, 650 and 700o C in a different time of activation 1.5 and 2 hours
respectively, the average yield was approximately 28%. Methylene blueis the parameter of surface area and iodine
value is the parameter of porous structure of the AC. 2:1it’s the percentage of acid to the raw material that used here.
The effect of various process parameters like bulk density at 150oC and pH was determined and evaluated. Almost
parameters were in a typical range of preparation, so AC can be prepared commercially to use in many application
Computational Design of Prosthetic Hip Implant
Get PDFIn this study a 2D/3D CAD model of an artificial hip joint was designed using SolidWorks software program. Biocompatible and robust enough materials such as Titanium alloy Ti6Al4V and Alumina ceramic Al2O3 were used in the designing process for such parts of the hip joint. The finite element (FE) method was used to obtain a solution for the stress and strain distribution throughout series of adjacent elements, further the design was analyzed using computer-aided engineering (CAE) software after it was loaded with static loads 250N, 350N, and 450N respectively to check the durability of the design. The stability of the model was verified by static tes
Speed Estimation for Indirect Field Oriented Control of Induction Motor Using Extended Kalman Filter
Get PDFSpeed sensors are required for the Field Oriented Control (FOC) of induction motors. These
sensors reduce the sturdiness of the system and make it expensive. Therefore, a drive system without
speed sensors is required. This paper presents a detailed study of the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for
estimating the rotor speed of an Induction Motor (IM). Using MATLAB/SIMULINK software, a
simulation model is built and tested. The simulation results illustrated and demonstrated the good
performance and robustness of the EKF to estimate the high and low speed. Moreover, the performance of
the EKF is found to be satisfactory in case there are externaldisturbances
التغييرات التقنية واثرها على الانظمة المصرفية - تطبيقات عملية في البنك السوداني الفرنسي
No full textComputing and network capacity have seen dramatic enhancements in Sudan during
the 1990s and 2000s. These technical advances have impacted the technical capacity and core banking
systems in the banking sector. In this paper, the former manager (1997 - 2015) of the Computer and
IT administration of the Sudanese French Bank presents his personal account of customizing the
hardware and software systems of the bank to accommodate these technical advances. This paper
documents the replacement and upgrade of the two core banking systems that operated within the
bank. The author concludes the paper with his vision for the future of banking technology in Sudan
Nonwovens from Usher ⁄ Ester Fibres
Get PDFThis research was conducted to evaluate thermal bonded nonwoven fabrics
manufactured from usher - Ester fibers. The effect, of some key processing variables,
including blending ratio and bonding temperature on peak loads of the product were
studied. The results showed that, appropriate selection of combinations of fibers and
process conditions resulted in excellent performance properties. High Strong usher (Ester
/pp) nonwoven fabrics can be obtained by using usher and Ester /pp at a blend ratio of
50/50 and a thermal calendaring temperature of 110 °C under a pressure of 0.33 M Pa.
Further, the results emphasized the economic and industrial potentials of usher plants in
the Sudan
A Visualized Mathematical Model of Atomic Structure
Get PDFA model of atomic structure is presented. Many questions that have baffled scientists
for the past decades may be answered by this visualized mathematical model. In particular, the
model mathematically relates the properties of the parabola to the atoms' shells and orbits. A
series of parabolas represents the atom shells (vertical sections along paraboloids) from outer to
inner part of the atom. A pair of electrons exists in a circular motion in each orbit. The orbits are
contained in the parabolic shells. Orbits in a shell equal to the square of shell number.
Furthermore, hydrogen atomic spectrum was simulated and a new relation was verified. The
frequencies of the visible spectra of the hydrogen atom were found to be related to the change in
the area enclosed by the first orbit in the second shell, 2s, when the electron is excited into the
inner concentric orbits. A proportionality constant equals 0.238725 femto-sec has been found to
satisfy that relatio
RECYCLING OF SPENT SOLUTIONS OF TANNERY LIQUID WASTE
Get PDFOver the years, treatment of tannery waste-Water put a considerable
burden on the total cost of production, be it pickled, in wet-blue, crust or
finished leather. After 1980 a very stringent regulation has been imposed on the
quality and purity of the waste waters that go to the drain. The high amount of
money charged for effluent tannery waste-water, lead most of the tanneries to
close down with increasingly stringent environmental requirements, it has
become necessary to reduce the pollution load in waste-water to a minimum.
This has been done by treating tannery waste-water biologically with expensive
undertaking as no income or revenue is obtained at the end. For these reasons,
recycling of spent solutions from soaking through retannage has been applied in
this work with a considerable saving of 40% and 75%, chemicals and water, as
well as protection of the environment from these polluting chemicals as
compared with the standard process without recycling.
The treatment of tannery waste-water is done through addition of the required
materials to each process and recycling of the spent solution. After the process is
completed the pelts are unloaded, the once-used solution is topped up with the
required make-up and reused. The process of recycling is repeated seven times
from one batch to another. By this method of recycling there will be saving in
water, chemicals and protection of the environment.
The leather processed using recycled solution adjusted with a make-up showed
comparatively good physical and chemical properties. The tensile strength
obtained is acceptable, and the elongation at grain crack is very good, the load at
grain burst is also 200kg/cm2. The elongation at grain crack is equal to the
tensile strength.
In conclusion it is recommended to apply recycling of tannery used solutions
from soaking through retanning processes. The total cost will be reduced, then
there will be saving in chemicals and clean environmen
Investigation of Using Concrete Pavements in Developing Countries: A Case Study for Conditions of Khartoum State in Sudan
Get PDFRecent years have witnessed several advances in pavement industry, such as superpave and asphalt-rubber mix-design, mechanistic-empirical design and pavement recycling. Nevertheless, development is lacking search for feasibility of using concrete pavements in developing countries, while cities are seeking improvements in terms of reduced life-cycle cost, shorter construction period and less disruption of activities. This is in contrast to flexible-pavement poor performance with frequent premature failure and ever-increasing utility cuts. Although some doubts exist regarding their economics under certain conditions, those countries predominantly use flexible pavements. It appears then the cost factor is the main reason for this preference although the most two crucial parameters that govern the design of both asphalt and plain-jointed concrete pavements are soil subgrade strength and the design traffic. This paper applied popular design methods for both pavement types to compare construction and maintenance costs of typical sections over a length of one kilometer. It was found that there was difference in the respective costs justifying that it is economically viable to use rigid pavements for urban roads
The Effect of Motivation on Productivity in the Sudanese Construction Industry
Get PDFConstruction industry in Sudan is considered as the largest industrial sector that has a
direct effect on the state economy. The productivity of this sector has declined in Sudan and all over
the world since 1960. This study is trying to measure the relationship between the productivity of
construction industry in the Sudan and motivation. A mathematical model is adopted to measure this
relationship. The model is: P = P0 + C1X1 + C2X2 + C3X3 Where: P, P0, X1, X2, and X3 represent
Productivity, Productivity without motivation, physical motivation, moral motivation, and job
satisfaction respectively. C1, C2, and C3 are the constants of physical motivation, moral motivation
and job satisfaction respectively. The overall objective of this study is to enhance the productivity of
construction industry in Sudan. Questionnaire was designed and distributed to numbers of
respondents. A sample of 77 companies drawnrandomly from stratified samples, to represent the
population of the industry’s companies and work names. Three hundred and fifty persons involved in
those companies responded to the questionnaire. Statistical package for social science (SPSS) used to
analyze the collected data. The answers to the questionnaire’s questions revealed that the motivation
increased the productivity by 5.2 % and the relationship between the productivity and motivation in
the respondent companies can be represented mathematically as: P = 0.408 – 0.130X1 + 0.304X2 -
0.209X3 This result means Sudanese companies only apply moral motivation to motivate their
employees. Moreover, there is no enough physical motivation system in these companies, and the
majority of workers are not satisfied with their jobs at these companie
DES Security Enhancement using Genetic Algorithm
Get PDFIn this paper is proposed method for creating Data Encryption Standard (DES) sub-keys. The proposal simplifies the creation and expansion process of the encryption key of the Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm, which is considered one of the most important elements in the process of encryption. The sub-keys generation methods is implemented by using a genetic algorithm. The sub-keys generated using this method, based on genetic algorithm; they give a totally different group of pseudorandom sub-keys each time program is executed.Furthermore, comparison analyses between the proposed method sub-keys generation process and the standard technique used in Data Encryption Standard (DES) it give optimum results.The proposed method is also evaluated and subjected to many randomness tests in order to measure it‟s strength after encryption using National Institute of Standards and Technology-Test Suite is a statistical (NIST-STS) for randomness tests. The result shows that the proposed method gives good result and can be used it in many ciphers for sub-keys generation