SUST Journal Systems (Sudan Univ. of Science and Technology)
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The Integration of Structural Knowledge in Studio Design Projects: An Assessment Curriculum in: Architecture Course in SUST
Get PDFThis study is concerned with the effective structures curriculum content in
architectural department and the teaching methods that lead to a better integration of
architectural concepts with structural solutions for architectural students’ design application.
It aims at identifying a better course content and teaching method to improve the students’
design capability to integrate structure principles learned in lecture sessions and architectural
design studio, where the principles are being applied. Respondents are B.Sc. (Arch) students
from year 1 to year 5 of the academic year 2008/2009 in the Department of Architecture,
College of Engineering, Sudan University of Science and Technology. Descriptive statistic
and ANOVA test were employed to attain the stated objectives. The study examined the
course content, instruction modes and method of teaching structures subject and investigated
the learning outcome with design studio through students’ performance and perception in
integrating structural knowledge in their design project. Semi-structured interviews were
conducted with the design studio coordinators and structure lecturers. The results revealed
that 77.8% of respondents faced difficulty in integrating structural knowledge into their
design of the project in the studio. Although they found that structure subject interesting but
the teaching methods used in its classes did not satisfy their learning needs. Furthermore, the
subject content is full of mathematical jargons which relate more to engineers than architects
Time Series Analysis of Nyala Rainfall Using ARIMA Method
Get PDFThis paper presents linear stochastic models known as multiplicative seasonal
autoregressive integrated moving average model (SARIMA).The model is used to simulate monthly
rainfall in Nyala station, Sudan. For the analysis, monthly rainfall data for the years 1971–2010 were
used. The seasonality observed in Auto Correlation Function(ACF) and Partial Auto Correlation
Function(PACF) plots of monthly rainfall data was removed using first order seasonal differencing prior
to the development of the SARIMA model. Interestingly, the SARIMA (0,0,0)x(0,1,1)12 model developed
was found to be most suitable for simulating monthly rainfall over Nyala station. This model is
considered appropriate to forecast the monthly rainfall to assist decision makers to establish priorities for
water demand, storage, distribution and disaster management
Effect of Chromium on the Survival of Heterotrophic Bacteria in Waste Stabilization Ponds
Get PDFBased on experimental work, the effect of pH on heterotrophic bacteria enumeration was
studied in batch cultures tests conducted under different chromium concentrations. Samples were
collected from the effluent of the primary facultative pond of the University of Dar es Salam (Tanzania)
waste stabilization ponds system. The enumeration of heterotrophic bacteria was investigated at different
pH values. The density of bacteria was higher at pH 7 than any other pH values for all concentrations. At
this pH, the number varied between 1,450,000 to 280,000 at 12 and 108 hours after addition of 5 mg/l
chromium concentration. In case of 50 mg/l and pH 7 the number reduced dramatically to 98 to 0 at 12
and 108 hours respectively. It was observed that, the pH of 11 was significantly detrimental to the
heterotrophic bacteria. The number ranged between 4000 to 500 in case of 5 mg/l after 12 and 108 hours.
Only 13 heterotrophic bacteria were counted after 12 hours when 50 mg/l of chromium concentration was
added
كلمة العدد
No full textيدرنا أن نقدم لمق ا رء ىذا العدد الخاص الذي يدتعرض تجارب وخبرة مشتجي البرمجيات وخبرة مدتخدمييا في الحقبة
الساضية للاستفادة مشيا في حاضر ومدتقبل إنتاج البرمجيات بالدهدان. ولتحقيق ىذا اليدف فقد تم التركيز عمى أكبر
قطاعين يتعاملان مع الشظم البرمجية وىسا القطاع العام والقطاع السررفي. اشتسل العدد عمى تجربة القطاع العام
كسدتخدم لمبرمجيات وكسشتج ليا، كسا تطرق لمشظم الحاسهبية السررفية من ناحية تطهرىا ومن ناحية تجارب من
تعاممها معيا. وتجئ ىذه السداىسة ضسن تهجيات مذروع سيرة لد ا رسة وتحميل صشاعة البرمجيات في الدهدان
والذي ييدف لدعم مجيهد إنتاج البرمجيات محمي ا وىه أحد مذاريع البحث العمسي التي تسهليا ىيئة البحث العمسي والابتكار
به ا زرة التعميم العالي.
يحتهى ىذا العدد عمى أو ا رق بحثية عمسية، وحتى يكهن الطرح شاملا أ ريشا أن نعزده بآ ا رء السيشيين ذوي الخبرة في
السجال فاستكتبشا عدد ا مشيم فهافهنا مذكهرين بأو ا رق تشاقش بعض القزايا اليامة كلٌ في مجالو ومن واقع تجربتو
الذخرية. نتسشى أن يداىم ىذا العدد في الدفع بسديرة تطهير البرمجيات في الدهدان صشاع ة واستخدام ا .
وفي الختام نقدم جزيل شكرنا للأساتذة الك ا رم الذين قامها بتحكيم الأو ا رق وم ا رجعتيا ولمذين قامها بإخ ا رج ىذا العدد الخاص.
والله ولي التهفيق ،،،
PORE PRESSURE PREDICTION USING SEISMIC METHODS FOR TOKER-1
Get PDFPore pressures of formations are one of the big problems facing the drillers in exploration
areas. The pore pressure, together with fracture gradient, determines the amount of mud
weight that is needed. Too much mud weight fractures the rock; too little mud weight allows
formation fluids to come into the well and can cause blow-outs if not controlled.
This work examine a feasibility of a new approach to estimate the pore pressures of
formations prior to drilling operation . Knowing the pressures ahead of time will allow the
drillers to adjust mud weight or take other measures to avoid problems. The required data is
surface seismic data, in the vicinity of the well, and real-time logs as the wells are being
drilled. This method consists of predicting the seismic velocities by simultaneous use of the
surface seismic and real-time check-shot information. Then, the predicted velocities are
mapped to the pore pressures using an equation or empirical relation appropriate for the area.
Surface seismic data has been used in the industry to predict formation pore pressures before
any well has been drilled. This is done by estimating the subsurface velocities from seismic
and then using a number of velocity-pressure relations appropriate for a given region. The
combination of surface seismic data with a set of real-time well logs, acquired as the well is
being drilled so, as to make a more reliable estimate of velocities ahead of the bit. In
particular we make use of the real-time check-shot measurement (Seismic While Drilling)
that was not available to be accurately determined. To combine these two pieces of
information, the surface seismic data are inverted for seismic velocities ahead of the bit
while the inversion is constrained with the real-time well log and check-shot measurements
IMPLEMENTATION OF CYCLIC STEAM STIMULATION TO ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY FOR A SUDANESE OIL FIELD: CASE FULA NORTH EAST FIELD
Get PDFTertiary oil recovery or Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) is the injection of fluids or energy to the reservoir to improve oil recovery and it can be applied at any phase of oil recovery including primary, secondary, and tertiary recovery and its objective is to increase oil recovery from reservoir depleted by secondary recovery such as water flooding. Steam Injection is to inject steam to heat the oil to higher temperatures and to decrease its viscosity so that it will be more easily to flow; cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) consists of three stages and happened in single well, CSS is particularly attractive because it has quick payout, however, recovery factors are low (10-40%) from Original Oil in Place (OOIP). In a variation, CSS is applied under fracture pressure.
Fula North Field (FNE) reservoirs are highly porous (~30%), permeable (1-2) Darcy and unconsolidated in nature. the fluid properties include viscous crude with 15 to 17.7 API. Corresponding viscosity are in the range of (727 and 3800) cp at reservoir conditions and the current recovery factor is 3.6 %.
The objective of this paper is to illustrate and analyze the performance of CSS phase’s implementation starting from the first pilot up to full field scale through different stages.
In this paper overall analysis for the CSS performance implementation including the injection parameters in FNE field will be presented furthermore detail comparison between CSS cycles and cold production discussed. Finally the challenge for this project has been listed; Advanced Thermal EOR Simulator from Computer Modeling Group (CMG) software has been used to propose the location of the new wells and to compare between CSS and Cold case for FNE Field.
The result showed that the CSS is very successful and the average oil rate is almost 1.6 times compared to cold production, the CSS only can increase the recovery percent from 32.5 to 34.2% which makes it more attractive method as development scenario for FNE oil field, and the new wells drilled with 100 % success ration
Effect of Temperature on Okra (Abelmoschusesculentus) Fruit Slices Dehydrated Using a RefractanceWindowTM Dryer
Get PDFABSTRACT- This paper presents the effect of temperature on the drying kinetics of the okra fruit slices
using a Refractance WindowTM dryer. Okra fruit slices, 3 mm thick were dried at three temperatures. The
slices were dehydrated at separate times at temperatures of 75oC, 85oC, and 95oC. Themoisture content of
the slices was determined periodically during the drying process. The experimental data obtained were
fitted tothin-layerdrying models commonly used in the dehydration kinetics of fruit and vegetables.
Observations indicated that the slices dried to a moisture content below 0.11 g-water/g-solid (dry basis) in
about 90 - 110 minutes for the process conditions studied. For the nine models considered, the regression
results suggested that the Haghi and Ghanadzadeh thin-layer model best describes the drying kinetics for
the 3 mm thick slices for the temperatures 75oC, 85oC, and 95oC; the coefficient of determination (R2)
values were 0.9992, 9973, 9993 for the respectively. The benefit of the work done here will aid in
understanding the design, analysis, and optimization of the Refractance WindowTM equipment in the
drying of foo
Performance of Dyeing and Printing of Polyester / Viscose Yarns Blends for Clothing use
Get PDFThis study highlights the effects of the dyeing and printing processes on the tensile
strength of blended suiting fabrics (65% polyester : 35% viscose) as compared to grey blended
fabrics. The obtained results showed negative effects of dying and printing applications on the
strength of the produced fabrics. Also, there were positive effects of dying and printing applications
on the elasticity of produced fabrics. The strength of the printed fabric along the warp direction was
found to be greater than that of the dyed. As well the strength of the dyed fabric along the weft
direction was found to be greater than that of the printed. It was found that the elongation of the
printed fabric along the warp direction was greater than that of the dye
Using Titration to Estimate Rate Law Parameters of the Reaction of Sodium Hydroxide and Ethyl Acetate
No full textDetermination of rate expression and rate law parameters i.e. rate constant and reaction orders of any reaction is an important step to design any type of reactors. In this research rate law parameters of the reaction of sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate were determined using titration to measure final concentration of the limited reactant which is sodium hydroxide in this reaction, while the reaction was carrying out i.e. simultaneously. The standard solution used in the titration is hydrochloric acid. The usefulness of this technique is that the concentration at the time of measuring would be read and registered. Thus, accurate results could be obtained. After the final concentration being measured, rate of reaction was calculated as the difference between initial concentration and final concentration dividing by time of reaction. Then by extrapolating two rates at two different initial concentrations to zero time initial rate was calculated. Finally, several initial rates at different initial concentrations of sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate were used to determine the rate law parameters using linearized least squares analysis method. According to this method the value of rate constant is about 0.11 L/mol.sec at 32◦C and the reaction is first order with respect to each reactant
SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NIO NANOPARTICLES
Get PDFIn order to study the roles of the crystallite size of an active phase in a catalytic
reaction it is of utmost importance to be able to synthesize pure phases of crystallite in the
desired size range with a narrow size distribution. The method to produce a nano of Nickel
oxide ( ) is described. Nanoparticles (NPs) of are prepared by thermal decomposition of
freshly prepared nickel hydroxide by a sol gel route at 300°.This sample is characterized by Xray
diffractometer (XRD) and UV–visible spectroscopy. The average crystalline space or the
separation between atomic planes of () NPs is found to be about (2 - 5nm) and the average
of particle size is (9- 19 nm). According to our X-ray and neutron diffraction data, all NiO
powders are antiferromagnetically ordered at room temperature