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Notes on three Proto-Slavic borrowings
Get PDFThe Proto-Slavic etyma *dъska, *misa, and *bļudo (*bļudъ), which are semantically related, are generally regarded as borrowings, but there is no consensus on the exact origins of these nouns. Following surveys of the Old Church Slavic and Gothic evidence as well as of the distribution of the etyma in Slavic, the article discusses the merits and drawbacks of the various existing views. It is argued that *dъska, *misa are best regarded as borrowings from Vulgar Latin or Early Romance, while *bļudo (*bļudъ) must have been borrowed from Germanic, but not from Gothic or West Germanic
When one is singular: Notes on zero-person constructions in Latvian
Get PDFAxel Holvoet has demonstrated that Latvian has two types of zero-person constructions which formally differ in grammatical number, and that the singular type has a parallel in Finnic, but not in Lithuanian. This paper shows that the meanings covered by the two types are distinct and do not overlap. Using the framework proposed by Gast and van der Auwera for the description of human impersonal pronouns, it is shown that the singular type is characterized by non-veridicality and an internal perspective. As in Finnish, but not Estonian, it is used in conditional sentences with all kinds of verbs. The plural type is used in Latvian as well as in Lithuanian with veridical propositions and an external perspective
Old Lithuanian plęšti
Get PDFOld Lithuanian plęšti ‘rejoice, jump in joy, dance’ may be interpreted as a back-formation from *plenšoti, a verb borrowed from Old Polish plęsać
Etnolingvistinė informacija apie RUGĮ lietuvių tarmių žodynuose
Get PDFThe article analyzes what ethnolinguistic information about rye can be read in the entries of Lithuanian dialect dictionaries. The research data were selected from thirteen dictionaries of Lithuanian dialects and the comprehensive Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language). Thus, dialectal dictionaries are an excellent source of lexical semantic research based on the research methodology of the linguistic image of the world. The research presented in the article was inspired by the Słownik stereotypόw i symboli ludowych (SSiSL) (Dictionary of Folk Stereotypes and Symbols) published by the Lublin Ethnolinguistic School.An attempt is being made to find an answer to the question whether rugys (rye) is just a source of food and a basis for biological existence for Lithuanian farmers and rural residents? It is assumed that rye is synonymous with bread as a gift from God to farmers. According to folklore sources, people sacrificed the best stook of rye to God. According to the tradition of the Polish people, rye is a symbol of abundance, wealth, kindness; according to the tradition of the Lithuanians it is a symbol of growth, vitality, fertility and endurance.Analyzing the data of Lithuanian dialect dictionaries and the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language it was established that the lexeme rye is used in various parts of lexicographic articles: 1) as a title word in dictionary entries; 2) in definitions and illustrative sentences; 3) in the illustrations of entries of other words (for example, crops, grain, shoot, winter crops); 4) in terminological compounds (e. g. African rye (Secale africanum), annual cereal (Secale cereale), cereal grass (Secale sylvestre); 5) in paremias; 6) in phraseological compounds.The lexicographic definition of the lexeme rye highlights the following features of the category: a plant, eared (various properties: winter crop, upright, strong, dense, etc.), a symbol of everyday life. The illustrative examples of the words reflect man’s respect for rye as a plant that gives bread.Straipsnyje analizuojama, kokią etnolingvistinę informaciją apie rugį galima perskaityti lietuvių tarmių žodynų žodžių straipsniuose: definicijose, iliustraciniuose sakiniuose, terminuose, frazeologizmuose, paremijose ir kt. Tarmių žodynai puikiai pasitarnauja atliekant leksinius semantinius tyrimus, paremtus lingvistinio pasaulio vaizdo tyrimų metodologija.Be to, mėginama atsakyti į klausimą, ar rugys Lietuvos valstiečiui, žemdirbiui, kaimo gyventojui yra vien maisto šaltinis ir biologinės egzistencijos pagrindas
Предметные метафоры ЗВЕЗД в литовских и русских поэтических текстах
Get PDFThe current article, that follows the research cycle analyzing natural phenomena metaphors, examines the star metaphors identified in the works of 40 Lithuanian and 54 Russian poets (mostly 20th century). It also studies the subject metaphors which constitute from the ethnolinguistic point of view the most numerous and most interesting group of six semantic subgroups of star metaphors. The subject metaphors of stars can be both substantive and verbal. However, the article focuses on substantive metaphors. They are divided into nine groups: 1) something written, drawn or embroidered (letters, written texts, books, drawings, figures); 2) lighting devices and other lighting means; 3) clothing, fabrics, yarn, knitted or woven items; 4) small metal, shiny, rounded or sharp objects (jewelry, coins, nails, needles, weapons, etc.); 5) buildings and their parts; 6) kitchen utensils; 7) food and drinks; 8) vehicles; 9) fragments of large objects and debris. The study showed the similarity of the poetic systems of the two languages, in which the same metaphorical models are presented, as well as their differences. The largest number of subject metaphors of stars in both poetic traditions was found in the first four groups, the examples from the following three groups were less common, while the examples in which star metaphors related to vehicles were hardly found. The differences between the two poetic systems may be observed due to the differences in cultures and traditional names of stars and constellations in the languages. The article noted that the author’s poetic metaphor in both Lithuanian and Russian could correlate with folklore tradition, that is with riddles, proverbs, legends and traditional beliefs, which are often common to the two languages.В статье, продолжающей цикл исследований метафор природных явлений, рассматриваются метафоры звезд, выявленных в творчестве 40 литовских и 54 русских поэтов. Рассматриваются предметные метафоры, составляющие наиболее многочисленную и самую интересную с этнолингвистической точки зрения группу из шести установленных для метафор звезд семантических групп. Предметные метафоры звезд могут быть как субстантивными, так и глагольными. В статье основное внимание уделено субстантивным метафорам. Они распределены в девять групп: 1) нечто написанное, начерченное, вышитое (буквы, письменные тексты, книги, чертежи, узоры); 2) осветительные приборы, средства для освещения; 3) одежда, ткани, пряжа, вязанные или плетеные предметы; 4) мелкие металлические, блестящие, округлые или острые предметы (украшения, монеты, гвозди, иглы, оружие и др.); 5) здания и их части; 6) кухонные принадлежности; 7) еда и напитки; 8) транспортные средства; 9) фрагменты крупных объектов, обломки. Исследование показало как сходство поэтических систем двух языков, в которых представлены одни и те же метафорические модели, так и различия. Наибольшее число предметных метафор звезд в обеих поэтических традициях относится к первым четырем из указанных групп, три следующие меньше распространены, периферийное положение занимает метафора звезда — транспортное средство. Различия двух поэтических систем может обусловливаться различиями культур и традиционных названий звезд и созвездий в языке. В статье отмечено, что поэтическая авторская метафора и в литовском, и в русском языках может коррелировать с фольклорной традицией — с загадками, пословицами, легендами, традиционными представлениями о мире, которые зачастую оказываются общими
Kibernetinis persekiojimas (cyberstalking): viktimizacijos ypatumai ir teisinio reagavimo galimybės
Get PDFIn the article, the phenomenon of cyberstalking is presented through the differentiation from convenient stalking (stalking without the usage of cyberspace). Moreover, cyberstalkers and their victims are characterised by distinguishing their prevalent features and interaction. Authors discuss national as well as international measures of legal response to cyberstalking crimes.Straipsnyje analizuojamas kibernetinio persekiojimo reiškinys, aptariant kibernetinio persekiojimo skirtingumą nuo vadinamo tradicinio persekiojimo (nenaudojant elektroninės erdvės) ir kibernetinį nusikaltimo pobūdį. Taip pat nagrinėjami kibernetinio persekiojimo viktimizacijos ypatumai, išskiriant būdingiausius persekiotojo ir nukentėjusio asmens požymius bei jų interakciją. Straipsnyje svarstomos teisinio reagavimo į kibernetinį persekiojimą galimybės nacionaliniu ir tarptautiniu mastu
On the Significance of the Concept of Memory Culture in Urban Studies (A Case Study of Vilnius)
Get PDFThis article aims to present the possibilities offered to urban studies by the concept of memory culture. The case study discussed is that of Vilnius in the 1990–2018 period. The definition put forward by C. Cornelißen, for whom memory culture is “the formal generic term for all possible forms of conscious human memory of historical events, personages and processes”, inspired the creation of a research model encompassing: the multilingual urban discourse of Vilnius (analysis of texts), interviews with representatives of the official and alternative discourses of Vilnius’ memory (analysis of oral histories), and spatial representations of the past (analysis of carriers of memory). This diversified corpus of sources will allow for as comprehensive as possible a description of the phenomenon that is present-day Vilnius’ memory culture; it will also extend the boundaries of research towards true interdisciplinarity.Apie atminties kultūros sampratos reikšmę miesto tyrimams (Vilniaus atvejo analizė)Šio straipsnio tikslas – pristatyti galimybes, kurias teikia atminties kultūros sąvoka tiriant miesto atmintį. Aprašomas tyrimo metodikos atvejis Vilniaus 1990–2018 m. pavyzdžiu. Atminties kultūros apibrėžtis, pasiūlyta vokiečių tyrinėtojo Ch. Cornelißeno, kuris šiuo terminu apibrėžia „istorinių įvykių, asmenybių ir procesų visų sąmoningos žmogaus atminties formų pagrindinę formaliąją sąvoką“, įkvėpė sukurti tyrimo modelį, apimantį: daugiakalbį Vilniaus miesto diskursą (tekstų analizę); interviu su oficialaus ir alternatyvaus Vilniaus atminties diskurso atstovais analizę (žodinės istorijos pavyzdžių analizę); erdvinį praeities vaizdavimą (atminties laikmenų analizę). Toks įvairus šaltinių korpusas leis kuo tiksliau apibūdinti šiuolaikinio Vilniaus atminties kultūros fenomeną, taip pat praplės tyrimų ribas tikro tarpdiscipliniškumo link
