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Traumos ir smurtas sporte: „kas vyksta aikštėje, lieka aikštėje?“
Full text linkThe article analyzes the problem of violence used during sports and the legal and medical assessment of such actions in society. For this purpose, the legal doctrine in the context of health impairment during sports is examined, the criminal law and other legal acts regulating sports relations are evaluated. Also analyzed is the extremely scarce case law, which assesses the damage caused to athletes during sports and the responsibility for it. Finally, medical criteria are also evaluated - the specifics of the injuries that usually occur during sports and competitions, their features and possible consequences, which, in most cases, lead to the end of an athlete‘s career.
One cannot disagree that sport is an extremely useful activity for individuals whose participants often lack legal clarity regarding the legal responsibility for their actions. Meanwhile, health impairment caused by violation of sports rules is undesired result, especially if done on purpose. Taking this into account, the article fraises fundamental questions – is damage in sports tolerable from the state‘s point of view, and which is not only intolerable, but for which it is perhaps necessary to apply the strictest type of legal responsibility – criminal responsibility? Straipsnyje analizuojama sporto metu panaudojamo smurto problematika ir tokių veiksmų vykstančių visuomenėje teisinis bei medicininis vertinimas. Šiam tikslui nagrinėjama teisės doktrina sveikatos sutrikdymo sporto metu kontekste, atliekamas baudžiamojo įstatymo ir kitų teisės aktų, reguliuojančių sporto santykius, vertinimas. Taip pat analizuojama ir itin negausi teismų praktika, kurioje vertinama sporto metu sportininkams padaryta žala bei atsakomybė už ją. Galiausiai, įvertinami ir medicininiai kriterijai – sporto ir varžybų metu dažniausiai įvykstančių traumų specifika, jų bruožai bei galimos pasekmės, kurios, dažnu atveju, priveda ir prie sportininko karjeros pabaigos.
Negalima nesutikti, jog sportas yra visuomeniškai itin naudinga asmenų veikla, kurios dalyviams dažnu atveju pritrūksta teisinio aiškumo dėl teisinės atsakomybės už jų atliekamus veiksmus. Tuo tarpu sveikatos sutrikdymas ir apskritai, smurtas, padarytas pažeidžiant sportines taisykles, yra nepageidaujamas rezultatas, ypač jei tai daroma tikslingai. Atsižvelgiant į tai, šiame straipsnyje iškeliami esminiai klausimai – ar žala sporte yra toleruotina valstybės požiūriu, ir kokia – ne tik netoleruotina, bet už ją galbūt reikalinga taikyti ir griežčiausią teisinės atsakomybės rūšį – baudžiamąją atsakomybę? 
Why the International Criminal Court Cannot Afford Justice for the Crime of Aggression Against Ukraine and what is the Way Forward?
Full text linkThe article focuses on the investigation at the International Criminal Court for the crime of aggression committed by Russia and the limitations that exist for ensuring justice at the ICC, and analyzes alternatives for punishing those responsible for aggression against Ukraine. 
Civilinės teisės konstitucionalizacija, konstitucinės teisės civilizacija ir kelias link konstitucinės privatinės teisės
Full text linkDue to the resourceful case law of the Lithuanian Constitutional Court and the doctrinal attitudes of its justices, during the most recent decades in the Lithuanian legal discourse, the opinion has been established that the constitutional law is the true foundation of the legal system, whereas the civil law is merely an ordinary branch of Law fully determined by the former. Even more – the acknowledgment that the Constitution is a main source of the civil law was followed by the denial of the civil law rules to be a source of the constitutional law and any reverse effects. This approach, which has become dogmatic in Lithuania, is understood as a consequential result of the constitutionalisation of the civil law. However, more detailed theoretical analysis, presented in this article, on the relationship between the constitutional law and the civil law as well as the case law of the Constitutional Court involving the application of the civil law rules in a constitutional adjudication denies such simplistic understanding. The relationship between the branches of law in question seems to be much more subtle and complex than judging superficially from the perspective of legal stratification into the constitutional law and the ordinary law. Ironically, the understanding proposed by constitutionalists where the constitutional law is a higher law to which the civil law is fully subordinated provokes a legal scholar to proceed further and discover signs of the formation of the private constitutional law. This, in turn, demands new reflection on the relationship between the constitutional law and the civil law. Hence, in the present article, by applying functional, systemic and comparative analysis, and by taking into account the case law of the Constitutional Court, the author seeks to find out the relationship between the constitutional law and the civil law which is fundamental for every legal system. 
Teisėjų tarybos konstitucinio statuso aspektų įžvalgos teismų finansavimo ir teisėjų atleidimo aktualijų kontekste
Full text linkThe constitutional consolidation and formal doctrinal development of the framework for the status of the Judicial Council in Lithuania is a reflection of the phenomena of the constitutional legal technique and the doctrinal activism of the Constitutional Court. No other institution referred to in the 1992 Constitution of Lithuania is so constitutionally abstract and so detailed in the doctrine of the Constitutional Court as the Judicial Council. The detail of the official concept of its composition, i.e. constitutionally justifiable (possible) and non-justifiable (impossible) members, which rejects the concept of a broader (politically inclusive) composition of the analogous institution referred to in Poland’s Constitution of 1997, can be viewed in a controversial way. This is important in relation to the aspects of a much more efficient coordination and consideration of the financing of the judiciary for the next year than is currently the case, as envisaged in the draft State budget law prepared by the Ministry of Finance and submitted by the Government to the Parliament (the Seimas). Such a draft, with the participation of the democratically empowered judges who guarantee the self-governance of the judiciary, could and should be more effectively coordinated and debated, and not in the Ministry of Finance or in the Government, but rather in the new Judicial Funding Council (or a differently named additional institution for the financial self-regulation of the judiciary) whose members would include not only judges, but also the relevant State politicians and civil servants (in particular, the Minister of Finance along with the Vice-Minister, and the chairpersons of at least two relevant committees of the Seimas), who, unfortunately, are constitutionally not allowed to be members of the Judicial Council under the Constitutional Court’s controversial strict (hard) jurisprudence in any situation. 
Machine Learning Approaches in Atrial Fibrillation Detection
Full text linkAtrial fibrillation (AF) characterized by rapid and irregular electrical activity in the atria represents a prevalent form of cardiac arrhythmia that significantly challenges healthcare systems due to its links to heightened mortality and morbidity rates. Early detection of AF is critical for accurate and effective management and treatment. In response to this pressing need, numerous researchers have used machine learning (ML) to enhance the precision and efficiency of AF detection. By analyzing available datasets, signal lengths, preprocessing techniques, and a diverse array of ML approaches, this paper aims to cover methodologies of AF detection using electrocardiogram (ECG) data and ML
Vairavimo maršruto skaičiavimo, grindžiamo skatinamuoju mokymusi, vizualios aplinkos kūrimas
Full text linkStraipsnyje yra sprendžiamas optimalaus maršruto kelių tinkle paieškos uždavinys. Uždavinys yra modelinis, nes kelių tinklas pasirinktas stačiakampis su vienodomis tiesiomis atkarpomis, o kai kuriose sankryžose yra veikiantis šviesoforas. Uždavinys sprendžiamas naudojantis skatinamojo mokymosi algoritmais. Straipsnyje siekiama palyginti skirtingus skatinamojo mokymosi algoritmus, o taip pat sukurti vizualią aplinką, leidžiančią stebėti skatinamojo mokymosi procesą. Vizuali aplinka yra sudaryta iš automobilio, kelių ir šviesoforų tinklo, bei galutinio finišo. Mokymasis vyksta siekiant minimizuoti pravažiuotų atkarpų skaičių. Algoritmai, sunaudojantys mažiausią tokių atliktų žingsnių skaičių ir tuo būdu randantys sprendimą greičiausiai, yra geriausi. Tyrime buvo naudojami keturi skatinamojo mokymosi algoritmai: Q-learning, Sarsa, Sarsa(λ), Actor-critic. Pasiūlytos realizacijos, labiausiai tinkančios sprendžiamam uždaviniui. Aplinka naudinga susipažįstantiems su skatinamuoju mokymusi ir jo principais. Straipsnyje pateikiama nuoroda į aplinkos programos kodą ir instrukcijos, kaip ja pasinaudoti. Tai turėtų išplėsti skatinamojo mokymosi taikymus
Lietuvos vaizdiniai populiariojoje literatūroje XX a. dešimtajame dešimtmetyje
Full text linkThe article proposes a cultural history perspective, where popular literature is interpreted as a historical source. The genres, aesthetics and themes of these authors’ writing differ, which gives an opportunity to see the problematic diversity of the period, what was topical and what challenges society faced during the period in question: I. Buivydaitė focuses on love/family experiences, E. Malūkas writes about illicit life and sects, E. Kalėda focuses on criminal groups, and J. Ivanauskaitė focuses on the image of women and the journey of spirituality. The descriptive themes are analysed in the article, comparing to what extent the plot reflects the environment and to what extent it is a complete fiction.Straipsnyje siūloma kultūros istorijos perspektyva, kai populiarioji literatūra interpretuojama kaip istorinis šaltinis. Pasirinkta tirti keturių rašytojų, aktyviai rašiusių 1990–2000 metų laikotarpiu, kūrybą. Šių autorių rašymo žanrai, estetika ir tematika skiriasi, kas suteikia galimybę pamatyti aprašomo laikotarpio probleminę įvairovę, pažinti aptariamo laikotarpio aktualijas ir visuomenės iššūkius: I. Buivydaitė susitelkia į meilės, šeimos išgyvenimus, E. Malūkas rašo apie nelegalų gyvenimą ir sektas, E. Kalėda dėmesį nukreipia į nusikalstamas grupes, o J. Ivanauskaitė – į moters vaizdinį ir dvasingumo keliones. Straipsnyje analizuojamos kūriniuose plėtojamos temos, aprašomi siužetai lyginami su vaizduojamo laikotarpio realybe ir vertinama, kiek kūriniai reflektuoja aplinką, o kiek kuria alternatyvią tikrovę
