Lietuvos istorijos studijos
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Lietuvos moterų visuomeninis judėjimas ir kova už politinį lygiateisiškumą XX amžiaus pradžioje
Get PDFLithuanian women started to organize themselves in 1905. In October 1905, a women amalgamation was established. Its aim was to join women into the movement for their political and civil rights.
In 1907, in Kaunas, the first women assembly was organized. Women of different social status attended the assembly. Among them were the writers Julija Žemaitė-Žymantienė, Gabrielė Petkevičaitė-Bitė, Liudvika Didžiulienė, Ona Pleirytė-Puidienė, Marija Pečkauskaitė-Šatrijos Ragana, Sofija Ivanauskaitė-Pšibiliauskienė-Lazdynų Pelėda, the socially active women Felicija Bortkevičienė, servants, women workers, and peasants. Most of the assembly members were country women. They spoke about the wrongs that had been done to them. They wanted to get some advice and ways to solve their problems.
The political parties, i.e., Social Democrats, Democrats, and Christian Democrats, wanted to gain influence on the women\u27s movement. Only the Christian Democrats succeeded in this. This party organized the first women’s assembly and the Christian women’s organization. As a result, the women’s movement split into two organizations: Christian women and laywomen.
The Lithuanian Christian women’s organization was established in March 1908. The public women’s organization wasn’t formally established because the Russian officials did not issue a license for their activity
Nacių politika Lietuvos pramonės srityje ir jos rezultatai
Get PDFThe industrial organization during the period of Nazi occupation was influenced mainly by an external factor, Germany, and not by an internal development of the economy. Germany was an aggressor state whose objective was to gradually integrate the local economy into its own structure. Only those industrial enterprises which could find local raw materials and could offer products important for the occupants managed to continue their business operations during the years of German occupation. Other industrial enterprises were closed by the occupant authorities. Many private companies were closed by their owners or were on the verge of bankruptcy. The decrease in the number of industrial enterprises was one of the main causes of a rapid decline in this sphere of the economy. During the years of Nazi occupation, industrial workers lived under severe social conditions. Their salaries were extremely low; in most cases, they did not even earn a living wage. Due to difficult living conditions, expensive low-quality health care, and the spread of various diseases, the mortality rate among factory workers and office employees was on a constant increase. On the other hand, it is true that the Nazis, during the period of occupation, put much effort into industrial specialist training programs. This policy was part of their plan to annex Lithuania after the end of World War II. Besides, a bigger part of the Jewish population had already been exterminated, among them many outstanding specialists in this branch of the industry
Slaptieji 1939 metų SSSR - Vokietijos susitarimai ir Lietuvos Nepriklausomybės (ne)atkūrimo vizijos bei keliai (1988-1990)
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Baltijos valstybių klausimas Vakarų valstybių politikoje 1943 metais
Get PDFThe fate of the Lithuania and other Baltic States was determined during the years of World War II. The most important, still unanswered question in Lithuanian historiography is when exactly the fate of Baltic States was doomed.
The main role in the considerations of the fate of the Baltic States was played by three Great Powers. The United States of America and Great Britain were those Western powers that represented the point of view of Western democracy on the issue of the occupation and annexation of Lithuania and other Baltic states.
The year 1943 brought changes not only in the military fronts but also to international relations. On the eve of Soviet military victories in the East, the Soviet Union shifted the focus of foreign policy to postwar domination in Europe. That had an impact on the changes of attitudes of the Great Western States toward the problem of the Baltic States. The first main decisions on the future of the postwar Europe were made in the Big Three conference in Tehran. Though the question of Baltic States was not included in the agenda of this conference, discussion points had affected the issue of the Baltic states. Because the Western Allies hoped that Stalin would continue the cooperation with the Western powers, USA and Britain accepted Stalin\u27s demands for security in Tehran. Baltic states in inter-Allied relations were used as a bargaining chip. Realizing that, U.S. president Roosevelt in the conversation with Stalin declared that he would not go to war with the Soviet Union after it re-occupied these lands. Stalin refused further to discuss the question of Baltic States. Incoherent, passive policy of the two great Western states toward the issue of the Baltic States in Tehran determined that Baltic States were turned to the Soviet security interest sphere.
Western states remained firm in their legal commitment that final settlement of frontier questions would be resolved only at the Peace Conference. The legal non-recognition of the Baltic forcible annexation did survive the trying times of World War II, but the question of Baltic states was eliminated from the agenda of political considerations of other Big Three conferences
