Lietuvos istorijos studijos
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Istorijos šmėklos ir jų tramdytojai atminties kultūrų tyrimuose
Get PDFRec.: Alvydas Nikžentaitis, Michał Kopczyński (sud.), Atminties kultūrųdialogai Ukrainos, Lietuvos, Baltarusijos (ULB) erdvėje, Vilnius: Lietuvos istorijos instituto leidykla, 2015Rec.: Alvydas Nikžentaitis, Michał Kopczyński (sud.), Atminties kultūrų dialogai Ukrainos, Lietuvos, Baltarusijos (ULB) erdvėje, Vilnius: Lietuvos istorijos instituto leidykla, 201
Oбраз Кревской унии в дореволюционной российской историографии XIX – начала XX века
Get PDFThe article analyzes the image of the Union of Krewo, which is inherent to the Russian pre-revolutionary historiography of the 19th – early 20th centuries. In other words, the article describes how the researchers perceived the Polish–Lithuanian agreement of 1385. The historiography of the Union of Krewo is being analyzed taking into account the evolution of different approaches of Russian historians to the Lithuanian history.In the first half of the 19th century Lithuania’s past was perceived as “foreign”, so all what was connected to the Union of Krewo haven’t caused great interest in researchers. The situation changed after the first Polish uprising in 1830–1831. Understanding the causes of “the Polish rebellion” and the participation of Lithuanians in it caused to rethink the history of Lithuania, presenting its past as “our history”. After the second Polish uprising which took place in 1863–1864, the ignorance of the Lithuanian history by local intelligents and its pro-Polish character were recognized as a problem. The architects of the imperial nation building start to think about the mental accession of Lithuania and the mental appropriation of its history. In response, the ideologized concept was formed, in which the Western region of the Russian Empire was portrayed as indigenous Russian lands influenced by intense polonisation. In this discourse, the Union of Krewo appeared as a turning point which changed the “right” course of the history of Lithuania, and the Poles found themselves in the role of “robbers” who stole a Russian land. The more time passed since the second Polish uprising, the less ideology and politics are found in the research of historians.В статье анализируется образ Кревской унии, присущий российской дореволюционной историографии XIX – начала XX вв., т. е. то, как исследователи воспринимали польско-литовский договор 1385 г., в своих работах. Историография Кревской унии рассматривается на фоне эволюции подходов российских ученых к прошлому Литвы
Occupied Lithuania in the Front of the Cold War
Get PDFApie Ingos Zakšauskienės daktaro disertaciją „Vakarų radijo transliacijos į sovietinę Lietuvą 1950–1990 metais“ ir jos gynim
Ar buvo dingę S. Dariaus ir S. Girėno palaikai? Jų „atradimas“ ir laidojimas LKP bei KGB šešėlyje 1958–1964 metais
Get PDFThis article reveals the secret role of the Soviet Lithuania Communist Party (LCP) and KGB in a notorious story of finding and burial of the embalmed and concealed physical remains of the American–Lithuanian transatlantic pilots Stephen Darius and Stanley Girch-Girenas (killed in the plane crash in Nazi Germany on July 17, 1933).The research was focused on the reconstruction of the chronology of events since the first public notion about the place of concealment of the pilots’ bodies in 1958 to their replacement to (rather short stop at) forensic research facilities and burial in 1964. The main problem solved was a seemingly contradicting change of the historical perception exactly at this juncture: how and why did the American pilots of Lithuanian descent, the American citizens and veterans of the American Army, become representatives of the Soviet working people?The author questioned the traditional approach, as if since 1945 the Soviets only suppressed the memory of Darius and Girenas: perhaps they even intended to destroy their physical remains and accordingly to interdict any related acts of commemoration; and if so, then the discovery of pilots’ bodies was nothing less than a heroic act of brave Lithuanian patriots? The analysis of the abundant material suggested right the opposite: that the place of concealment became known to NKVD/MGB since late 1945 or 1953 the latest, thus the access to it was secured for the right moment and for the loyal individuals only. In June 1958, having sufficient knowledge in disposition and following Moscow’s political directives, the LCP Central Committee approved and projected the revelation of the concealment. Consequently, its “discovery” was carried out in 1963 and finalized with burial in 1964, under the secret supervision of top ranking LCP and KGB officials in Vilnius and Kaunas. The transformed memory about Darius and Girenas was successfully introduced through numerous acts of “reasonable” commemoration, which were rather strictly coordinated fallacious performances, the imitation of respect to the historical truth. The result proved to be an effective “ideological weapon”, which served for decades in the interests of Soviet politics and security, domestically and abroad.Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas LSSR partinių ir saugumo struktūrų vaidmuo plačiai pagarsėjusiame transatlantinių lakūnų S. Dariaus ir S. Girėno palaikų „atradime“. Rekonstruojama įvykių raida nuo pirmos viešos žinios apie aptiktą slaptavietę 1958 m. iki palaikų iškėlimo ir palaidojimo kapinėse 1964 m. Atskleidžiamas direktyvinis, politinis ir ideologinis proceso pobūdis, „planiniai“ koordinuoti veiksmai, kontrolės mechanizmai ir motyvai, istorinių faktų „adaptavimas“ ir panauda viešam propagandiniam SSRS diskursui, trumpalaikiai ir ilgalaikiai padariniai istorinei atminčiai, iš dalies – ir įtaka besitęsiančioms atminties kultūros bei politikos tendencijoms
Laisvės kovų atmintis
Get PDFImpressions from an academic youth campĮspūdžiai iš akademinės jaunimo stovyklo
Metodinė mokykla istoriografijoje: samprata, teoriniai pagrindai ir sąryšiai su Lietuva
Get PDFIn general, different historiographical schools often remain on the fringes of academic interest when conducting historiographical research in Lithuania. The aim of this article is to characterize the historiography school in France which dominated the academic history science in the Third French Republic (1870–1940) through the opportunities offered by the ideas of history studies and historiography according to the criteria selected. The article tries to reveal the École Méthodique concept in historiography and to show the school’s theoretical beliefs and understanding of historical methodology. The article analyses the historiographical origins of the school, the so-called methodical turn in historiography, and highlights the canonical texts which created the school and constituted its nature. For more conceptual look the article considers the issue how historiographical traditions of the Third Republic are analysed in today’s historiography history and deals with problematic issues (e.g., whether the term positivism is suitable for the analysis of historiography evolution). The Lithuanian relevance of the article is based on the identification of relationships and parallels, and the search of French historiographical school activities in emerging Lithuanian historiographical tradition. The article aims to answer the question: what relationships and parallels can be seen when looking at the École Méthodique in France in view of emerging Lithuanian historiography in the first half of the 20th century? The conclusion states that some of the most authoritative pre-war Lithuanian historians expressed their sympathy to the French history method version. The article provides a more profound view on the question of French and Lithuanian historiography relationship.Istoriografinės paradigmos – tai tik vienas iš galimų istoriografijos raidą aiškinančių modelių, tik, ko gero, stambiausi dariniai istoriografijos raidoje. Tačiau tam tikrai konkrečiai istoriografijos tradicijai analizuoti reikia taikyti ir kitas istoriografijos raidos artikuliacijas bei aiškinimo būdus. Istoriografijos istorikai kalba apie mokyklas, kryptis, sroves ir panašias tiek idėjinius, tiek socialinius raidos momentus apimančias kategorijas, kurios savo apimtimi yra savotiškos tarpinės istoriografijos raidos grandys tarp istoriografinių paradigmų ir atskirų istorikų veiklos. Lietuvoje vykdomų istoriografinių tyrimų visumoje įvairios istoriografinės mokyklos dažnai lieka akademinių interesų užribyje. Šiuo straipsniu atkreipiamas dėmesys į Trečiosios Prancūzijos Respublikos (Troisième République, 1870–1940) metais Prancūzijos istorijos moksle dominavusią istoriografinę mokyklą. Nagrinėjamos Metodinės mokyklos (École Méthodique) ištakos, vadinamasis metodinis posūkis istoriografijoje, išryškinami kanoniniai mokyklą fundavę ir jos pobūdį formavę tekstai, istorijos metodologijos supratimo svarbiausios nuostatos ir principai. Pasitelkus idėjų istorijos ir istoriografijos studijų teikiamas galimybes, analizuojama tos mokyklos samprata ir teorinės nuostatos. Siekiant konceptualesnio žvilgsnio įdėmiau pažiūrima, kaip Trečiosios Respublikos istoriografinės tradicijos yra analizuojamos šiandienėje istoriografijos istorijoje. Straipsnio lituanistinį aktualumą grindžia sąryšių ir paralelių identifikavimas, prancūziškosios Metodinės mokyklos veiklos atgarsių paieška besiformuojančioje lietuviškojoje istoriografinėje tradicijoje
Radvilų trimitai ir istorija
Get PDF...Apie tarptautinę mokslinę konferenciją „Kunigaikščiai Radvilos.Garsiausia Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės didikų giminė
Krizė keičia Lietuvą: 1931–1935 metų pokyčiai visuomenėje ir valstybėje
Get PDFThe article examines changes of the socio-economic situation in Lithuania in the 1940s during the crisis (1931–1935). These changes influenced a wider alteration of the Lithuanian society. The article reveals the specifics of the crisis in Lithuania, the economic instruments of the government and propagandistic programs, which affected the attitude of farmers to the agricultural traditions. Organized Lithuanian business structures promptly appeared during the crisis, as well as the society became more economically active and creative.Straipsnyje nagrinėjami XX a. ketvirto dešimtmečio pradžios Lietuvos socioekonominės padėties pokyčiai kilus ekonomikos krizei (1931–1935), kurie modernėjančios Lietuvos visuomenėje sukėlė didesnius pasikeitimus. Parodoma krizės Lietuvoje specifika, vyriausybės ekonominės priemonės bei propagandinės programos, kurios paveikė šalies žemdirbių požiūrį į ūkininkavimo tradicijas, sparčiai besirandančias organizuoto lietuviško verslo struktūras, o visuomenė apskritai tapo ekonomiškai aktyvesnė ir kūrybiškesnė – tai padėjo ne tik išeiti iš besibaigiančios krizės, bet ir atsisakyti pobaudžiavinio ekstensyvaus ūkininkavimo
The Kitchen of a Young Sovietologist
Get PDFAbout the PhD summer schoolApie doktorantų vasaros mokykl
Holokausto užmarštis kaip istorinis procesas: vabalninkiečių atminties atvejis
Get PDFThis article presents a micro-history research based on the collective memory of North Lithuania’s township Vabalninkas. The main target was the Catholic Lithuanians’ memory concerning the profuse Jewish community which used to live in the town. This memory formed from around 1930’s to current day (2015). Based on the conducted research the aim is to reveal a process which formed a current amnesiac situation of memory and explain it.First, the effect of Holocaust on the Lithuanian part of Vabalninkas community was analysed through interviews with witnesses. Second, the conditions of the Soviet period were reconstructed, which shaped particular discourse of memory. Finally, some attempts to arouse the memory about Jews after Lithuania’s independence as well as current situation are presented. The questions of the research were as follows: could we say that there is a collective memory concerning Jews in Vabalninkas today? What are the main features of the memories about Vabalninkas Jews? In which layers of memory (individual, collective, public) Vabalninkas’ Jews appear? Why? What historical circumstances could have determined the current condition of township’s community memory?The case of Vabalninkas showed that an ambiguous historical, cultural, social and psychological process lurks under the local community’s collective Jewish amnesia: first – sociocultural trauma (dramatic and unexplainable fracture in everyday experience); second – fundamental demographic changes during Soviet times caused by war losses as well as voluntary and forced migration. Tangled together they created a situation where marginal individual memory about Jews does not find any place in the collective memory of the newer generations of Vabalninkas people since it is alien to the majority of population’s identities. However, it still exists in spatial signs and older population’s feelings of alienation further creating unarticulated tension expressed by unconscious avoidance of Jewish topic. It is important to note that in individual perspectives of Holocaust contemporaries it is hard to grasp any signs of guilt or responsibility which are prominent in present public discussions about Lithuanians’ role in the Holocaust. The majority of population during Nazi occupation were only passive observers so the traumatic memory should first be attributed to social and cultural break which left people with an unanswered question why and made them unable to insert this extraordinary experience into social frames.Following this approach some untouched issues emerge in the Holocaust studies which could, for example, focus on the strategies of coping with this trauma. One of these strategies, unconscious oblivion, was revealed by researching the memory of Vabalninkas.Straipsnyje pristatomas Vabalninko miestelio gyventojų atminties (nuo XX a. ketvirto dešimtmečio iki 2014 m.) apie kadaise gausiai čia gyvenusią žydų bendruomenę tyrimas. Interviu ir turinio analizės metodais surinkti duomenys leido atskleisti procesą, kurio metu miestelyje susiformavo dabartinė užmaršties ir neartikuliuoto nepatogumo būsena. Ją lėmė paties Holokausto sociokultūrinis trauminis efektas ir fundamentalūs demografiniai pokyčiai sovietmečiu, neskatinę tapatybės paieškų praeityje