Lietuvos istorijos studijos
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Domi Suae Quilibet Rex
Get PDF(about the thesis of Neringa Dambrauskaitė „Noble household in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th century and the first half of the 17th century“)Apie Neringos Dambrauskaitės disertaciją „Bajorų namų ūkis Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštystėje XVI a.–XVII a. I pusėje“ ir jos gynim
Vilniaus urbanistikos atradimai
Get PDFAbout the thesis of Karolis Kučiauskas “The urban concept of prewar Vilnius and its reception during World War II and the postwar years (1932–1956)”Apie Karolio Kučiausko disertaciją „Prieškario Vilniaus urbanistinis modelis ir jo recepcija karo ir pokario metais (1932–1956 m.)“ ir jos gynim
1941 m. kovo 19 d. LAF atsišaukimas: provokacija, falsifikatas ar tikras dokumentas?
Get PDFThis article concerns the leaflet of the Lithuanian Activist Front, dated 19 March 1941. The leaflet, titled Dear enslaved brothers! has two different versions. One version has a sentence which calls that “The traitor will be pardoned only provided he proves beyond doubt that he has killed one Jew at least”. Another version of this document does not have the same sentence, but holds a remark that it is a multiplied copy of the document.Archival resources show that the version of this leaflet with the already mentioned sentence was found in the house of anti-Soviet activist Osvaldas Žadvydas during rummaging. The interrogations of the participants of the anti-Soviet underground movement in Lithuania show that the leaflet came from Berlin to Lithuania on 23 March 1941. This leaflet was multiplied and circulated in various places of Lithuania. The interrogation of one of the major LAF signalmen Mykolas Naujokaitis underlines that all documentation and leaflets were sent from Berlin to Lithuania by an active Voldemarist and Head of the LAF Commission of Relations with Lithuania Stasys Puodžius.This article underlines that the authorship of the leaflet with the mentioned sentence belongs to the leadership of the LAF Berlin branch and the fraction of Voldemarists.Straipsnyje analizuojamas 1941 m. kovo 19 d. atsišaukimas „Brangūs vergaujantys broliai!“, kurio yra išlikę keli skirtingi variantai. Viename jų yra sakinys: „Išdavikams bus tik tuomet dovanota, jei jie tikrai įrodys, kad likvidavo nors po vieną žydą.“ Straipsnyje pateikiama istoriografinė šio dokumento analizė, atskiras dėmesys skiriamas archyviniams duomenims, kurie leidžia atkurti galimus šio dokumento atsiradimo ir platinimo Lietuvoje kelius
Partizanų vadų kolektyvinė biografija
Get PDFThis article is devoted to the question that has not received many attention from historians so far: Can we find any similarities among the biographical details of Lithuanian partisan leaders? Prosopography has been chosen as the main method of this research, since it targets the common aspects of people’s lives, emphasizes the external similarities and differences between individuals within a particular population and in this way helps the researcher to reach the aim of a study.The biographies of the leaders were examined in several different aspects. First of all, the investigation of social aspects revealed that the most of the persons were born between 1910–1922; it implicates that they were born or grew in an independent state of Lithuania, where the nation and a patriotic attitude were seen as the values of first importance, plus the majority of the leaders originated from big farmer families that had resided in rural areas. In addition to this, their education and activities research showed that even 85% of them had a higher than primary education and about 60% shared something in common with the military: had completed a military school, taken their parts in compulsory military service, etc. The tendency of high activity in the military sphere could be noticed during the first Soviet and Nazi occupations, too. However, it is essential to add that only 35% of the leaders had acquired military ranks; therefore, it is not correct to state that the most of them were officers (this tendency could be observed in some historical works). Some of the partisans’ leaders were teachers, civil officers or farmers as well. During the Soviet and Nazi occupations, 68% of future leaders of the armed anti-Soviet resistance belonged to numerous underground resistance organizations, such as the Lithuanian Freedom Army, the Lithuanian Activist Front, or showed their disloyalty to the regime in some other ways. This gives us no doubt that their later decisions to join the partisans were consistent.An average duration of activity in the anti-Soviet partisan movement was between 2–3 years, while in comparison the leaders could stay alive for 6 years or more – this means that the leader must have been one of the most experienced individuals among other freedom fighters. The leader’s significant role in the battlefield as well as in the ideological area was undoubted and important, as we can discern from the special partisan military ranks and decorations given to a number of them during the anti-Soviet partisan war. The leaders’ efforts and the struggle for the freedom of the fatherland are highly estimated in independent Lithuania, too – 85% of them were awarded with high awards of the state. All in all, this article shows that these people had a lot of in common and we can actually discuss a quite solid and complete picture of the Lithuanian freedom fighters’ leader.Straipsnyje pristatomas Lietuvos partizanų vadovybės prozopografinis tyrimas. Surinkti duomenys leido nuosekliai išskirti ir aptarti tiriamų asmenų skirtumus ir panašumus šiose srityse: kartų, šeimos, socialinės bei teritorinės kilmės, civilinio ir karinio išsilavinimo, veiklos iki pasitraukimo partizanauti, darbų ir nuopelnų įsitraukus į ginkluotą antisovietinį pogrindį. Gauti rezultatai leido sukurti gana aiškų ir tolygų laisvės kovų vado paveikslą: kilęs iš tris ar daugiau vaikų turinčios ūkininkų šeimos, įgijęs vidurinį išsilavinimą, tarnavęs kariuomenėje, vedęs, Lietuvos išlaisvinimo klausimu užsiangažavęs dar iki tapimo laisvės kovotoju
Špitolės kaip daugiafunkcės institucijos
Get PDFAbout the thesis of Martynas Jakulis “Hospitals in Vilnius in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries”Apie Martyno Jakulio disertaciją „Špitolės Vilniuje XVI–XVIII a.“ ir jos gynim
Pakeliui į pažinimą: ieškojimai suteikia sparnus
Get PDFAbout the thesis of Gražina Sviderskytė “Steponas Darius’ and Stasys Girėnas’ file: The historical process, approach, and the evolution of narrative”Apie Gražinos Sviderskytės disertaciją „S. Dariaus ir S. Girėno byla: istorinis vyksmas, traktuotė, naratyvo kaita“ ir jos gynim
Žemės ūkio kooperacija ir Lietuvos ekonominė pažanga XX amžiaus trečiame dešimtmetyje
Get PDFThis study analyzes the contribution of the cooperative movement to the general progress of the Lithuanian economy in the first decade of independence. The cooperation of small agricultural producers under the postwar destitution was considered as the optimal way to reconstruct and modernize the agricultural sector of Lithuania. The consumers’ cooperatives were set up most rapidly during the first years of independent life of the country, under the prevailing, permanent shortage of goods. They provided the population with basic consumer goods, suppressed speculation and contributed to the regulation of retail prices in the country. The expansion of agricultural cooperation intensified in the beginning of 1920s, after the funding of agricultural sector started to increase consistently. Also, after the introduction of the litas and the decline of the agricultural production export to Germany, Lithuania had to adapt to a more demanding market of Great Britain. State-supported cooperative unions began developing competitive agricultural livestock and poultry industries as well as engaging in various programs of farming culture improvement. Dairy farming, organized on the basis of cooperation, opened prospects to change the country’s export structure, in this way initiating the export of certain processed products of higher added value instead of raw agricultural products.Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas kooperacijos sąjūdžio indėlis skatinant bendrą Lietuvos ūkio pažangą pirmame Nepriklausomybės dešimtmetyje. Smulkiųjų žemės ūkio gamintojų telkimasis į kooperatyvus visuotinio nepritekliaus sąlygomis regėtas kaip optimalus kelias pertvarkyti karo ir okupacijų nualintą šalies agrarinį sektorių. Nuolatinis prekių deficitas lėmė, kad pirmaisiais nepriklausomo valstybinio gyvenimo metais sparčiausiai steigėsi prekybos kooperatyvai. Jie aprūpino gyventojus būtiniausiomis plataus vartojimo prekėmis, pristabdė spekuliaciją, reguliavo mažmeninės prekybos kainas šalyje. Žemės ūkio kooperacijos plėtra suintensyvėjo trečiojo dešimtmečio pirmoje pusėje, kai nuosekliai ėmė didėti žemės ūkio finansavimas ir po lito įvedimo, sumažėjus žemės ūkio produkcijos eksportui į Vokietiją, iškilo būtinybė prisitaikyti prie reiklesnės Didžiosios Britanijos rinkos. Valstybės remiamos kooperatyvų sąjungos ėmėsi konkurencingų žemės ūkio šakų – gyvulininkystės ir paukštininkystės – plėtros, vykdė įvairias ūkininkavimo kultūros kėlimo programas. Kooperatiniais pagrindais organizuojamo pieno ūkio vystymas atvėrė perspektyvas keisti šalies eksporto struktūrą ir, užuot išvežus žaliavinius žemės ūkio produktus, pradėti eksportuoti didesnės pridedamosios vertės perdirbtą produkciją
Third Reality of Soviet Times
Get PDFRec.: Ainė Ramonaitė (moksl. red.), Nematoma sovietmečio visuomenė,Vilnius: Naujasis Židinys-Aidai, 2015, 387 p.Rec.: Ainė Ramonaitė (moksl. red.), Nematoma sovietmečio visuomenė,Vilnius: Naujasis Židinys-Aidai, 2015, 387 p
Žydai konvertitai XIX–XX amžiaus pirmosios pusės Lietuvoje
Get PDFApie Elenos Keidošiūtės daktaro disertaciją „Katalikiškos misijos ir žydų konversijos Lietuvoje: reiškinių transformacijos XIX–XX a. pirmoje pusėje“ ir jos gynim
Lojaliųjų paieškos: vienos Valstybės saugumo departamento 1939 metų pažymos vertinimo klausimu
Get PDFConsideration of the development of the fate of the communities of national minorities is on the agenda of the present-day Lithuanian historiography and arouses considerable interest. This attempt is related to the aspiration to go deeper into the ins and outs of the development of the German community in Lithuania. The aim of this article is to reveal the characteristics of the fairly statistically fixed metric of the said community of 1938, collected by way of watching it. Lithuanian special operational services collected information about the moods prevailing in the groups of national minorities on a regular basis, and the German case was no exception. A secret certificate of the State Security Department of 1 March 1939 contained a survey of the 1938 cultural and economic situation of the Lithuanian Germans. The latter data summary contains the information about the German organisational structures (public organisations, confessional formations, establishments of institutional education and economic activities of the Germans (factories, enterprises, shops, mills, saw-mills and others, as well as independent agricultural entities). The author of the article, assessing the whole complex of loyalty characteristics recorded in the summary (the owners and their subordinates are referred to as loyal and disloyal, though, unfortunately, the data are incomplete) and applying the logistic regression model vhich established that chances of loyalty of the German women were greater than those of the German men. During the investigations, the present author was able to establish that chances of loyalty of the German community in southern Lithuania were slightest (they could have been determined by the factor of the border with Germany), and the highest chances of loyalty arose in the case of the German community in Central Lithuania. In the opinion of the present author, the ratio of persons belonging to another nation and the Germans on a defined territory also exerted influence on the characteristics of loyalty.Šiame straipsnyje, remiantis Lietuvos valstybės saugumo departamento 1939 m. kovo 1 d. pažymos „Lietuvos vokiečių kultūrinės ir ekonominės padėties duomenys 1938 m.“ analize, pateiktas dalinis vokiečių bendruomenei priskirtų lojalumo dimensijų vertinimas. Įvertinus suvestinėje fiksuotų lojalumo charakteristikų visumą ir pritaikius logistinės regresijos modelį, nustatyta, kad vokiečių moterų lojalumo šansai buvo didesni nei vokiečių vyrų. Taip pat teigiama, kad Pietų Lietuvos vokiečių bendruomenės lojalumo šansai buvo mažiausi, o palankiausi lojalumo šansai susiklostė Vidurio Lietuvos vokiečių bendruomenės atveju