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Ignoto Oginskio (1755–1786) biblioteka: genealoginio ir religinio tapatumo atspindys
Get PDFThis article examines the development and the contents of the library of Ignacy Oginski, appointed elder of the Darsūniškis and Vaiguva communities; his collection of books is discussed with an emphasis on how the sense of self as well as geneological and religious identity are expressed. The library of I.Oginski is discussed within the context of the history of his family and closest relatives as well as his connections with the Bernardines of Trakai. The bibliographical and provenance analysis is founded on I. Oginski’s books, which are stored in Vilnius University Library (10 specimens); also published at the end of this paper is a list of books bestowed by I. Oginski to the Trakai Bernardine Monastery, which itself was added into the 1787 catalogue of the monastery’s library. It was determined that I. Oginski belonged to the third order of the Franciscan tertiaries and was a financial affairs trustee (i.e., a syndic, Lat. Sindicus Apostolicus) of the Trakai Bernardine Monastery, which he, together with his mother Antonina Oginska, had amply sponsored and to which he bequeathed upon death a sum of 7 thousand Lithuanian Zloty. I. Oginski bestowed his personal library, which consisted of 201 volume, to the Bernardines on March 29, 1786 based on a testament written in Kruonis. It contained not only the more traditional printed materials but also some sheet music characteristic of courtly culture, ledgers, and silva rerum manuscripts. Noteworthy is the prayer “On the Appeal for a Fulfilling Life” (Pol. O uproszenie stanu życia przyzwoitego), handwritten by I. Oginski himself. A large part of the library consisted of ascetic lectures, spiritual exercises, and sermons typical of the Bernardine monks, but the collection was not limited in this aspect, as it also had some secular French works from the Enlightenment period and textbooks printed by the publishing house of the Vilnius Piarists. The considerable number of historical works and books containing dedications with references to the merits of the Oginskis to the state and the Church shows that I. Oginski was particularly attentive of his family history. Generally, the library demonstrates quite clearly a promotional-religious aspect of I. Oginski’s genealogical sense of self and identity. And here, too, the ascetic literature supplements the data from other sources regarding I. Oginski’s piety and his belonging to the tertiary community. The carried out study of I. Oginski’s identity and his personal library’s development and the relevant associations confirms the available possibilities of using the approaches and methodologies of cultural anthropology and social communication in book science studies.Straipsnyje taikant šaltiniotyrinį, biografinį, bibliografinį, proveniencinį ir kt. metodus nagrinėjamos Darsūniškio ir Vaiguvos seniūno Ignoto Oginskio (1755–1786) asmeninės bibliotekos (201 vienetas) perdavimo 1787 m. Trakų bernardinų vienuolynui aplinkybės, bendrais bruožais aptariama dovanotojo biografija ir bibliotekos sudėtis, pristatomi veikalai, žadinę istorinę atmintį apie Oginskių giminę ir teikiantys nuorodų apie I. Oginskio pamaldumą, ryšius su bernardinų vienuolija. Nustatyta, kad I. Oginskio, sirgusio nežinoma liga ir anksti mirusio, šeima ir giminė rėmė Trakų bernardinų vienuolyną, užrašė jam nemažas sumas. I. Oginskis, be kita ko, buvo tretininkas ir – galimai – minėto vienuolyno finansinių reikalų patikėtinis (sindikas), o asmeninę biblioteką bernardinams skyrė 1786 m. kovo 29 d. Kruonyje sudarytu testamentu. Bibliotekos didesnę dalį sudarė bernardinams, ypač tretininkams, būdinga asketinė lektūra, dvasinės pratybos, pamokslai, nors yra ir Apšvietos epochos pasaulietinių veikalų prancūzų kalba, Vilniaus pijorų spaustuvėje leistų vadovėlių, teikiančių nuorodų į I. Oginskio studijas. Istorijos veikalų, taip pat knygų, kurių dedikacijose minimi Oginskių nuopelnai valstybei ir bažnyčiai, gausa rodo I. Oginskį puoselėjus LDK istorinę atmintį ir vertinus priklausymą kilmingai giminei. O štai asketinė literatūra patvirtina šaltinių duomenis apie tai, kad I. Oginskis buvo įstojęs į pranciškonų observantų (bernardinų) trečiąjį (tretininkų) ordiną
Sūduvių knygelės autorystės problema
Get PDFIn this article, one of the most important sources of Baltic mythology of the 16th century – The Yotvingian Book – is analyzed: the possible circumstances of its creation, purpose, dating, and the problems of authorship are described.The written source, also called by its original title Der vnglaubigen // Sudauen ihrer bockheiligung mit sambt andern Ceremonien, so sie tzu brauchen gepflegeth, is a conventional, probably the most exhaustive, and the most important description of the ethnocultural tradition of the tribe that spoke Yotvingian, one of the two languages of Western Balts, recorded during the Reformation period. It is based on the source of information disseminated in several variants of manuscripts, and later in small printed books (reprints).The Yotvingian Book has been repeatedly discussed by many art workers of different epochs and branches of science. The dating and its possible authorship were differently interpreted. The most valuable analysis was carried out by W. Mannhardt. It was very essentially supplemented by the Lithuanian scientist I. Lukšaitė. Based on the hypotheses advanced by her, it is possible, and necessary, to once again reconsider the known facts, the actual material, and the structural typology of the source. Therefore, the purpose of this article was a study of the above issues.In this article, the question of the meaning of the latent acrostics is addressed anew. They are found in the Bible, in extrabiblical sources, and in ancient Eastern literature. There are various explanations for the phenomenon, and in each case, the function of the acrostic should be determined through a comprehensive analysis of the composition itself.It is highly believable that the author of The Yotvingian Book concealed the latent message. It is to be assumed that his personal name of Semitic origin is encoded in the catalogue of theonyms of The Yotvingian Book. The name is composed using the numerological system of Gematria in accordance with the alphanumeric code of M.-Hebr. mispār heḵǝraẖi combining it with the AvGag alphabetic sequences (i.e., partly replacing each letter with the next one): Ishmǝrai Sābā bēn Āḏām, i.e., Ishmerai Saba, Adam’s son. The surname M.-Hebr. Sābā (“an old man; a man with grey hair”) is a synonym to the G. Graumann “ditto” and Gr. Πολιανδρος “ditto.” These surnames indicate the author of The Yotvingian Book – Johannes Poliander, or Johann Graumann. He was a German pastor, theologian, teacher, humanist, reformer, and Lutheran leader.Based on the results of the analysis (cf. the list of theonyms of The Yotvingian Book which presupposes a reconstruction of the demonological order of the mythonyms), it is possible to make the statement that The Yotvingian Book should not be regarded as a material of the Episcopal inspection (therefore, it should not be related with Agenda Ecclesiastica or its authors) or an odd fragment of a more extensive source written adhering to the stylistics of the Renaissance, but as an example of a juristic document. Therefore, it cannot be characterized as an authentic source of the religious practices and beliefs of Western Balts.Remiantis tipologiniu ir analitiniu aprašomuoju metodais bei gematrijos numerologine grafinių žymenų dešifravimo sistema, straipsnyje įvardijami Sūduvių knygelės, arba Der vnglaubigen ‖ Sudauen ihrer bockheiligung mit sambt andern Ceremonien, so sie tzu brauchen gepflegeth, – jotvingių genties bene išsamiausio ir svarbiausio etnokultūrinės tradicijos, užfiksuotos Reformacijos laikotarpiu, aprašo iki šiol nenustatyto autoriaus identifikavimo kriterijai. Taip pat pateikiama šio šaltinio mitonimų sekos latentiniu akrostichu užkoduoto autonimo analizė. Iškeliama hipotezė, kad šio rankraštinio XVI a. pradžios veikalo kūrėjas – Johannesas Poliandras, arba Johannas Graumannas, hebrajišką savo tapatybės įvardijimą – Išmǝrai Sābā bēn Āḏām – nurodęs ne tik skaitmenine, bet ir grafemų retrogradine AvGaḏ seka
Europoje išleisti lietuviški ir lituanistiniai leidiniai JAV lietuvių spaudoje (iki 1904 m.)
Get PDFThe Lithuanian national movement of the 19th c. had mostly manifested itself in the literature, which, under the Lithuanian press ban, was being published both in East Prussia and in Lithuanian communities in the United States, and which was being distributed likewise in Lithuania, East Prussia, and the United States. That same time period saw the forming of a new system designed to inform readers of new releases, which was utilized to help any members of the Lithuanian diaspora to keep updated on the newest literature affairs. This system had encompassed the press of both East Prussia and the United States, and it would inform the readers of the newest publications both from the location of where the newspaper was being released and about the new books and periodicals that were being published in foreign countries; thus, it had created a reflection of Lithuanian literature as a whole. The aim of this article is to analyze the circumstances surrounding the informing of readers about the newest publications as it had occurred in the American Lithuanian press up to 1904; main focus is paid here to the information regarding Lithuanian and Lithuanistic publications released in East Prussia and elsewhere in Europe. The basis of this study is a list of 322 Lithuanian and Lithuanistic publications released in Europe; the list itself took shape after overviewing 11 Lithuanian newspapers published in the United States. The 322 publications had been distributed in Lithuanian communities in the United States and were announced by the local Lithuanian press.This study has showed that the first announcements about the new books appeared in the US Lithuanian press in the late 1890s, and in the early 20th c., designated columns for publishing news became an ordinary practice. Unfortunately, a lack of authors capable of writing critical reviews of the new publications forced the émigré press to be content with mostly annotations and very laconic commentaries about the pros and cons of new publications. The fact that announcements were made about books (mostly publications released in Europe) that were not part of the American salespeople’s repertoire allows us to believe that the editorial boards of the newspapers behaved thus acting upon the informational mission of their newspapers, their societal role, and in seeking to support the national movement and the dissemination of its ideas as well as the mission of its consolidation. In evaluating the repertoire of the introduced publications, we may speak not only of the dissemination of information on these works but also of a particular perspective that the editorial boards of these periodicals had and which was based on a particular set of values. Attention is paid to Lithuanian literature, its growth and place in the society of that time, and how it matches the needs of the readers. The introduced literature repertoire was dominated by secular works that had reflected the growth of Lithuanian literature and answered the demands of education. The books were oftentimes evaluated first and foremost based on the aspect of how much practical information could they provide – this had to do with the restricted possibilities of Lithuanian education; for example, the amount of information these works could give on the topics of farming, medicine, craftsmanship, and the natural sciences was an important aspect. With time, more attention began to be paid to societal-political literature, which was associated to the dissemination of the ideologies of those times, and Lithuanistic works written by foreign (not Lithuanian) authors. The works were also increasingly evaluated based on the political views of the editorial boards, which had also determined the fact that the readers were urged to buy some books while others were introduced as no good. Yet at the same time it may be observed that attention was being paid to publishing culture, the linguistic aspects especially, prompted by the changes that were happening in written Lithuanian. Attempts were made to limit the distribution of books that had not met the standards of the written languages; however, owing to the poorness of literature, the practical value of the book was of the most importance. The perspective regarding the importance of some books can also be seen based on how many newspapers had referenced those books in their news and how well were these works met. In understanding that the system designed to inform the readership of the books did not meet the standards of even its contemporaries, it must still be said that during those times, a tradition had taken shape to introduce publishing news in the periodicals. This tradition was developed and perfected during later times, but its proper evaluation would require the continuation of its study.Straipsnyje analizuojama informavimo apie naujus leidinius situacija JAV lietuvių spaudoje lietuviškos spaudos draudimo metais iki 1904 m., pagrindinį dėmesį skiriant pranešimams apie naujus Europos lietuvių spaudinius bei kitakalbę lituanistinę literatūrą. Tyrimas buvo atliktas remiantis tokių leidinių sąrašu, sudarytu peržiūrėjus to meto lietuvišką periodinę spaudą. Jo pagrindu rekonstruojama informavimo apie naujus leidinius lietuvių literatūros augimo metu kylant tautiniam judėjimui sistema JAV lietuvių spaudoje, dėmesys Europos lietuvių spaudai ir kitakalbei lituanistinei literatūrai, informacijos pateikimo specifika, pristatytų leidinių repertuaras, kur dominavo pasaulietinė literatūra
Knygos ir visuomenė Latvijoje iki 1945 m.
Get PDFGrāmata un sabiedrība Latvijā līdz 1945. gadam: rakstu krājums. Latvijas Nacionālā bibliotēka; Galvenais redaktors Andris Vilks; atbildīgā redaktore Sanita Briežkalne. Rīga: Latvijas Nacionālā bibliotēka, 2019. 367 p.: diagramma, faksimili, ilustrācijas, portreti, shēmas. ISSN 1691-5941. (Zinātniskie raksti, 4 (XXIV)Grāmata un sabiedrība Latvijā līdz 1945. gadam: rakstu krājums. Latvijas Nacionālā bibliotēka; Galvenais redaktors Andris Vilks; atbildīgā redaktore Sanita Briežkalne. Rīga: Latvijas Nacionālā bibliotēka, 2019. 367 p.: diagramma, faksimili, ilustrācijas, portreti, shēmas. ISSN 1691-5941. (Zinātniskie raksti, 4 (XXIV
Naujoji ar nenaujoji knygos enciklopedija?
No full textEncyklopedia książki. T. 1: Eseje, A-J. T. 2: K-Z, pod red. Anny Żbikowskiej-Migoń i Marty Skalskiej-Zlat, Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 2017, 776, 770, [2] s., faksymilia, fotografie, errata, ISBN 978-83-229-3543-9.Encyklopedia książki. T. 1: Eseje, A-J. T. 2: K-Z, pod red. Anny Żbikowskiej-Migoń i Marty Skalskiej-Zlat, Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 2017, 776, 770, [2] s., faksymilia, fotografie, errata, ISBN 978-83-229-3543-9
Mažos ir vidutinės knygų leidyklos šiuolaikinėje Lietuvos knygų leidybos struktūroje
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The article was prepared taking into account the false conclusions about the current situation of book publishing in Lithuania, in particular, the activities of small and medium sized publishers. The aim of the article was to select small and medium publishers and to identify the specificity of their activities in contemporary Lithuanian book publishing. This goal implies several objectives: 1. To define what is included in the composition of small and medium-sized publishers and to carry out their statistical analysis in various sections; 2. To analyze the relationship between small and medium-sized publishers with the state; 3. To analyze the influence of the book distribution situation on the activities of small and medium-sized publishers; 4. Find out whether IT development provides new opportunities for small and medium-sized publishers. On the basis of scarce research, media publications, various statistical sources as well as the author’s personal observations of the book publishing situation and networking with the publishers, it has been determined that there are more than 100 book publishers today in Lithuania, of which about 90 are small and medium-sized. An analysis of the existence of a publishing support system in Lithuania has shown that small and medium-size publishers cannot rely on it for their survival and activities because the support system does not take into account the specificity of publishing as a cultural activity and business. A major obstacle to the activities of small and medium-sized publishers is the monopoly on book trading system in Lithuania. Such a system gave rise to unfair competition. As a result, small and medium-sized publishers have to increasingly focus on direct distribution and adjust their publishing plans accordingly. Furthermore, the development of digital book publishing in Lithuania has not justified previous forecasts and failed to become a source of additional revenue for small and medium-sized publishers. Small and medium-sized publishers experience constant instability, they are challenged by the factors they cannot change such as market size, emigration and reduced purchasing power of people. Even though certain challenges are believed to be manageable, no positive changes to improve the publishers’ situation have been introduced so far, such as a clear approach to publishing from the state, improved system of support and a regulation of the monopolized book distribution market. However, small and medium-sized publishers still are and will remain part and parcel of the Lithuanian book publishing landscape. The publishers who exit the market are replaced by new entrants into publishing business, therefore their activities should be evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively.[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Straipsnis rengtas atsižvelgiant į klaidingus teiginius apie šiandieninę Lietuvos knygų leidybos situaciją, ypač mažų ir vidutinių leidyklų, kurios pasirinktos straipsnio objektu, veiklą. Remiantis negausiais moksliniais tyrimais, žiniasklaidos publikacijomis, įvairiais statistiniais šaltiniais, paties autoriaus knygų leidybos situacijos stebėsena ir bendravimu su leidyklų vadovais, analizuojama mažų ir vidutinių leidyklų veiklos specifika. Straipsnyje mėginama apsibrėžti, kas patenka į Lietuvos mažų ir vidutinių leidyklų sudėtį, ir atlikti jų statistinę analizę įvairiais pjūviais. Taip pat daug dėmesio skiriama tokiems klausimams kaip valstybės paramos vieta šių leidyklų veikloje, mažų ir vidutinių leidyklų išleistų knygų platinimas; analizuojama, ar informacinių technologijų plėtra suteikė naujų galimybių Lietuvos mažų ir vidutinių leidyklų veiklai
Oro uostų žurnalų, kaip turinio rinkodarai skirtos leidybinės spaudos, specifiškumas: vaidmenys, funkcijos ir tyrimų priemonės
No full text[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]
The article refers to a relatively new, yet dynamically developing phenomenon, which is airport magazines. In the age of the decline of traditional printed press, any projects involving publishing free printed magazines might seem bound to fail. However, many airports are successfully publishing and developing their own magazines. Most typically they resemble information and entertainment press, but they also evidently have a promotional role. Therefore, they should be considered as marketing communication instruments. This ambiguity makes one reflect on what those magazines really are – a press publishing phenomenon or an indirect marketing influence tool? This article aims to answer the above research question. The applied methodology consists not only of literature review and desk research, but also market analysis and one of the basic press research tools – content analysis. The authors discuss the following factors: conditions of development of airport press, including the Polish market; characteristics of airport magazines which allow them to be classified as custom publishing; functions of airport press and its role within social communication.[straipsnis ir santrauka anglų kalba, santrauka lietuvių kalba]
Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas palyginti naujas, tačiau Lenkijoje dinamiškai besivystantis reiškinys – oro uostų spausdintiniai leidiniai. Autorių susidomėjimą šia leidybos forma visų pirma sukėlė tam tikras naujoviškumas, susijęs su šia oro uostų veikla. Galėtų atrodyti, kad tradicinės spaudos nuosmukio laikais projektai, skirti nemokamų spausdintų žurnalų leidybai, turėtų žlugti. Vis dėlto daugelis oro uostų sėkmingai kuria ir leidžia savo žurnalus, tobulindami jų turinį ir spausdinimo kokybę. Kitas veiksnys, paskatinęs autorių susidomėjimą šia spaudos rinkos dalimi, yra dviprasmiškas šių žurnalų žanro ir funkcijos pobūdis. Dažniausiai jie panašūs į informacijai ir pramogoms skirtą spaudą, tačiau jie taip pat akivaizdžiai atlieka ir reklaminį vaidmenį. Būtent dėl šios priežasties jie turėtų būti laikomi rinkodaros komunikacijos priemone. Šis dviprasmiškumas verčia susimąstyti, kas iš tikrųjų yra oro uostų žurnalai – spaudos leidybos reiškinys ar netiesioginis rinkodaros įtakos įrankis? Šio straipsnio tikslas – atsakyti į nurodytą tyrimo klausimą. Taikomi metodai apima ne tik literatūros apžvalgą ir dokumentų bei duomenų tyrimą, bet ir rinkos analizę bei vieną iš pagrindinių spaudos tyrimų priemonių – turinio analizę. Autoriai aptarė tokius veiksnius kaip oro uostų spausdintinių leidinių, įskaitant ir Lenkijos rinką, raidos sąlygos; oro uostų žurnalų charakteristikos, pagal kurias jie galėtų būti priskirti turinio rinkodarai skirtų leidinių (angl. custom publishing) grupei; oro uostų spausdintinių leidinių funkcijos ir jos vaidmuo socialinėje komunikacijoje. Kadangi literatūra šia tema yra vis dar negausi, autoriai dažniausiai naudojosi šaltiniais, susijusiais su turinio rinkodarai skirta leidyba, ir savo pačių leidiniais, kuriuose skelbiami iki šiol atliktų tyrimų rezultatai
Teodoro Lepnerio apybraižos „Prūsų lietuvis“ citatos Simono Daukanto veikale „Būdas senovės lietuvių, kalnėnų ir žemaičių“
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This article analyses the citations from the ethnographic study “Der Preuſche Littauer” (1744; later cited as PL) by the Prussian priest Theodor Lepner which appear in the work of Simonas Daukantas (1793–1864) “BUDĄ Senowęs–Lëtuwiû Kalnienû ir Ƶámajtiû ĩszraszę […] Jokyb’s Łaukys” (later cited as “Būdas”).
The object of this article is the 31 references to PL in S. Daukantas’s “Būdas”. Looking at the previous scholarly research on “Būdas” and its sources along with the subsequent questions they pose, this article formulates a goal to research the methods with which PL source citations were presented in Būdas. This goal was completed by setting and meeting the following tasks: 1) to determine the importance of PL as a source for S. Daukantas’s research into the history of Lithuanian culture; 2) to exhibit S. Daukantas’s use of citations instead of research into firsthand sources and 3) to discuss the reliability and fidelity with which these citations and references are presented. In order to analyze the text, this article employs the following methods: comparative analysis; textology; intertextuality.
By examining these citations and references, it was discovered that Daukantas encountered this text indirectly sometime between 1818 and 1825 when he was writing his first history “Darbay senuju Lituwiu yr Zemaycziu” (around 1822–1825). This article determines that Daukantas found these quotations from Lepner’s book in Martin L. Rhesa’s addenddum (“Anmerkungen”) of “Das Jahr in vier Geſängen” (1818). Daukantas used this addenddum to recite Lepner in his second historical work “Istorija Žemaitiška” (1831–1834). Later he found the fragments of Lepner’s “Der Preuſche Littauer” in one of his most important sources – Johannes Voigt’s “Geschichte Preußens” (Bd. 1, 1827). Daukantas had used this book by Voigt to recite an older source several times before. This article demonstrates that Daukantas used Voigt’s book to recite the fragments of Matthäus Prätorius’s (c.1635–c.1704) „Deliciae Prussicae, oder Preussische Schaubühne“ manuscript. It somewhat changes the previous opinion about Daukantas’s comprehensive historiographical knowledge, diminishing his image as a researcher familiar with many of the old or primary sources.
This article concludes that Daukantas read “Der Preuſche Littauer” around 1836 or 1837 when he was already residing in Saint Petersburg.
The quotes from “Der Preuſche Littauer” contained in Daukantas’s Būdas are grouped according to the nature of their textual integration. “Būdas” contains 31 quotes and references from “Der Preuſche Littauer”. None of the citations from “Der Preuſche Littauer” that Daukantas had used were distinguished with quotation marks or a different font, and they could only be recognized from their content. Quite often, Daukantas quotes “Der Preuſche Littauer” in several sentences without marking the beginning of the quotation and giving the indication only at the endof the sentence using small letters with brackets, eg.: a), b), c), e), d). Daukantas quite accurately reproduces the text of “Der Preuſche Littauer” and gives the exact reference only 17 times out of31. 8 times his references are incorrect: both in terms of the content and the page numbers. 6 referencescontain accurate content cited from “Der Preuſche Littauer” but give erroneous page and section numbers. Daukantas was the first of 19th century Lithuanian writers who had his unique writing style and historical perspective. This original prism determined the use of indirect citations of “Der Preuſche Littauer”. I determined that because no firsthand Lithuanian historical sources existed Daukantas was forced to use foreign sources such as PL which marginalized Lithuanians as members of an ethnic minority and strange satyre-worthy objects thus requiring for him to engage in historical revisionism by factual reconstruction and reinterpretation from a Lithuanian perspective. He used these secondhand sources to deobjectify Lithuanians and make them into subjects and agents of their own history and destiny by describing their past and character through their eyes. This historical revisionism determined the way Daukantas cited and referenced T. Lepner’s text as a source. Daukantas avoided marking citations in quotation marks since they would then have to be translated as close to the original as possible which would have impeded with his historical vision. To make his narration and perspective congruous with his values and style he edited not only the language of the citations from “Der Preuſche Littauer” but also their content. Most of the information obtained from “Der Preuſche Littauer” was paraphrased, processed, and rewritten in such a way as to incorporate the new text into Daukantas’s own style and ideas. However, it may also be that Daukantas sometimes misquoted the text because he did not understand how the item described in German could look and how he should describe it in Lithuanian. Daukantas often sacrificed the fidelity to the text of “Der Preuſche Littauer” in favour of emotional and expressive speech.
Translated from the Lithuanian by Ieva Poškutė, BA (Hons) in Film and Literature at University of Warwick.[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Straipsnyje analizuojamos Teodoro Lepnerio (Theodorus Lepner, 1633–1691) etnografinės apybraižos „Der Preuſche Littauer“ (1744; „Prūsų lietuvis“) citatos ir nuorodos Simono Daukanto veikale „BUDĄ Senowęs–Lëtuwiû Kalnienû ir Ƶámajtiû“ („Būdas senovės lietuvių, kalnėnų ir žemaičių“). Tiriama S. Daukanto pažinties su „Prūsų lietuvio“ tekstu raida. Aptariamas Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institute saugomas S. Daukanto rankraštis „Marguminai“ ir jame esančios T. Lepnerio knygos citatos, t. y. citatų išrašų istorija, datavimas, turinys. Nagrinėjamas istoriko darbo su šaltiniais pobūdis. Straipsnyje analizuojama 31 nuoroda, citavimo ypatumai ir citatų turinys. Manoma, kad S. Daukantas, turėdamas remtis veikalu, kur Prūsijos kunigaikštystės lietuvis pavaizduotas kaip marginalios mažumos atstovas, keistas sarkazmo vertas objektas, a priori pasirinko faktų reinterpretacijos kelią. Iš subjekto pozicijos ėmęsis aprašyti lietuvių būdą, praeitį, S. Daukantas atliko šaltinio istorinį revizionizmą. T. Lepnerio teksto revizionizmas lėmė citavimo pobūdį: vyrauja parafrazės, laisvas autoriaus minčių persakymas, šaltinio duomenų koreliacijos ir priežastingumo keitimas. Išvadose apibendrinamos S. Daukanto veikale esančios sąsajos su T. Lepnerio tekstu. Nustatyta, kad S. Daukantas gana tiksliai pakartoja šaltinio tekstą ir pateikia tikslią nuorodą 17 kartų. 8 kartus istorikas nurodo klaidingai: nei turinio, nei puslapių požiūriu nėra atitikimo. 6 nuorodų turinys yra imtas iš šaltinio, bet netiksliai pateikti skyrių ir puslapių numeriai