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Poeto Jovaro asmeninė biblioteka
Get PDFOne of the popular poets, Jovaras, lived in Šiauliai. He began to collect a library in 1904 when the Lithuanian press was still banned by Tsarist Russia. He had written that there were 2,000 books in his collection. However, after his death, the collection was dispersed. Jovaras never kept an inventory of his collection. Instead, he used to write the main data about the publications in it. He used a primitive classification system. Some of the books were donated with inscriptions from his friends or the authors. Some of his books (448 items) currently belong to the "Aušra" Museum in Šiauliai. The author of the article provides a detailed analysis of the books\u27 contents
Vaclovas Biržiška - lietuvių bibliotekininkystės terminijos pradininkas
Get PDFThe article deals with the librarianship terms used in V. Biržiška\u27s book "About Books and Bookstores," published in 1918, Voronezh. The terms are grouped into clusters related to book collection, cataloguing, library classification, and others. The novelty and originality of these terms are revealed. The main term, "bookstore," is analyzed in detail, with each aspect of it being disclosed
Senieji Vilniaus kalendoriai (XVI-XVII a.)
Get PDFÜber die im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert in Vilnius herausgegebenen Kalender weiß man nicht viel. Am meisten ist über das erste in Vilnius gedruckte Buch, und zwar das „Kleine Reisebuch“ von Pranciškus Skorina (vor 1490-vor 1541), und den darin veröffentlichten Kalender geschrieben worden. Die im 17. Jahrhundert in Vilnius herausgegebenen Kalender sind in keiner Bibliothek Litauens erhalten geblieben. Vollständige Exemplare sind auch in Bibliotheken Polens noch nicht gefunden worden. Informationen darüber finden sich nur in bibliographischen Quellen. Man findet auch manche Hinweise darauf in Werken einiger Historiker. Aus diesem Grund sind keine gründlicheren Untersuchungen vorhanden. In diesem Artikel wird der Versuch unternommen, die spärlichen Angaben und Hinweise zusammenzufassen und zu verallgemeinern. Da mehr Material über das „Kleine Reisebuch“ (1522) von Franziskus Skorina vorhanden ist, wird in dem Artikel der Kalender aus diesem Buch am ausführlichsten besprochen. Dabei wird die Frage erörtert, ob man den Kalender – wie von Ewgenij Nemirowski behauptet wird – als gesonderte Ausgabe betrachten kann. Das Büchlein besteht nämlich aus fünf selbstständigen Teilen, und jeder Teil hat eine separate Paginierung und ein Titelblatt. Außerdem ist kein einziges Exemplar erhalten geblieben, in dem alle fünf Teile zusammen eingebunden wären. Sie wurden wahrscheinlich einzeln verbreitet. Im Artikel werden auch Kalender erwähnt, die in Ausgaben der Druckereien von Mamonitsch und der Bruderschaft des Heiligen Geistes erschienen sind.
Es war der Drucker Jan Karcan, der begann, die Kalender als separate Ausgaben herauszugeben. Aus bibliographischen Quellen sind drei in polnischer Sprache veröffentlichte Kalender bekannt, und zwar zwei von Gabriel Joannicy (um 1565–1613) vorbereitete Katholikenkalender für die Jahre 1606 und 1607 und der von dem deutschen Pfarrer Albin Moller vorbereitete Reformiertenkalender für das Jahr 1606 „Neuer und alter Kalender ...“ (Nowy i Stary Kalendarz ...). Historiker erwähnen außerdem den „Bauernkalender“ (Kalendarz gospodarski, 1640) und den „Polnischen Kalender“ (Kalendarz polski, 1645) sowie den „Katholikenkalender“ (Kalendarz katolicki, 1645) von Kasjan Kalikst Sakowicz.
Auch wenn im 17. Jahrhundert in Vilnius nicht viele Kalender herausgegeben wurden, so erschienen hier doch im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert manche Ausgaben, die sich mit einer Kalenderreform auseinandersetzten und in denen Diskussionen darüber veröffentlicht wurden. Dadurch erhielten Wissenschaftler unterschiedlichen Glaubens einen kräftigen Anstoß. Das waren: „Über die Verbesserung eines Kalenders“ (O poprawie kalendarza, 1582, 1587, 1589) von Stanisław Grodzicki (1541–1613), „Römischer Kalender“ (Calendarium Romanum ... 1637) von Stanisław Myszkowski, „Alter Kalender“ (Kalendarz stary ... 1640) von K. K. Sakowicz, „Wahrheitsgetreuer Kalender der Kirche Christi“ (Kalendarz prawdziwy Cerkwi Christusowej ... 1644) von Jan Dubowicz, „Exegese des Osterfestes“ (Exegesis Festivitatis Paschalis, 1646) von Jakub Stancykiewicz.
Aus diesen Werken erfährt man über die Mannigfaltigkeit von Kalendern und deren Geschichte. Sie zeugen davon, wie schwer sich der neue Kalender durchsetzte. Aus Angaben bibliographischer Quellen kann man die Schlussfolgerung ziehen, dass im 17. Jahrhundert in Vilnius nicht viele Kalender erschienen sind, aber Andeutungen in Werken mancher Autoren lassen vermuten, dass nicht alles von den bibliographischen Quellen registriert worden ist.
Im 17. Jahrhundert begann man, den so notwendigen Kalender gesondert von Büchern anderer Art (wie etwa Gebetbüchern, Psaltern) der Gesellschaft darzubieten. Das war gleichsam ein Anlauf zum 18. Jahrhundert, das als Jahrhundert der Kalenderreform betrachtet wird. Die Kalender aus diesen Jahrhunderten haben den Boden vorbereitet und bahnten den Weg für den Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts (1846) erschienenen litauischen Kalender
Lithuanian bibliophiles in the XVIII century
No full textThe level of culture, education, publishing, and book dissemination influences the number of bibliophiles in society. During the Age of Enlightenment, better conditions for the collection of books were created in Lithuania. However, the bibliophiles in Lithuania were mostly aristocrats. They created wonderful collections in their palaces. Later, most of those books enriched various state and research libraries.
The article deals with the bibliophiles who lived in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 18th century. The Lithuanian nobility living outside Lithuania is not discussed in the article.
Data about the Lithuanian bibliophiles were found in published and unpublished materials from Polish, Russian, and Lithuanian archives, as well as in different historical works, reference books, and bibliographies. The article characterizes the greatest and lesser book collections that belonged to the members of the Radvilas, Sapiehas, Chreptowiczs, Oginskis, Pacs, Bżostowskis, Kosakovskis, Łopacińskis, Plateris, and other families. The author presents short biographical data about the bibliophiles, reveals the origin of their collections, their size, contents, value, management peculiarities, features of the bookplates and book signs, and traces the later fate of the collections when possible.
Besides the collections of the Lithuanian nobility, the author analyzes the book collections of Vilnius University professors (T. Zebrauskas, D. Pilchovskis, S. Bisius, J. E. Giliert, G. Forster, J. Sartorius), monks and priests, as well as the rare cases of book collections owned by city-dwellers.
Among the greatest bibliophiles, one can find not only men but women as well. Some of them, like Uršulė Višnioveckaitė-Radvilienė, Elena Radvilienė, Žozefina Radvilienė-Masalskienė, Konstancija Radvilaitė-Sapiegienė, Ona Sapiegaitė-Jablonovskienė, Teofilė Jablonovskytė-Sapiegienė, Aleksandra Czartoryska-Ogińska, Ona Platerytė, and Judita Jelenskytė-Raes, built valuable collections according to their interests or maintained and developed inherited collections.
It is evident that during the 18th century, book collection and maintaining libraries was a matter of fashion among the noble families in Lithuania. Some of the bibliophiles were educated in the best European universities and took a genuine interest in cultural activities as well as books. Others just followed a fashionable trend
Biograma lietuviškos knygos retrospektyviojoje bibliografijojoje (iki 1940 m.)
Get PDFCreation of biograms for the publications of retrospective bibliography is a rather complicated matter. A biogram is composed for the author, compiler, and translator, commencing with the appearance of the first Lithuanian book in 1547 and extending to the present, with the 3rd volume, including the publications of 1905-1917, now in preparation. Encyclopedias and reference books usually contain data only about the most distinguished authors. Thus, authors or translators who have produced one or another minor work often remain unmentioned, and the priority for authorship stays with the compilers of national bibliographies. Information about most of such authors is quite sketchy, and the latest facts might be extremely useful for readers and users when thoroughly selected.
Bibliographers should investigate all biographical materials about the author that are available and make precise evaluations regarding these materials. Special attention should be paid to accuracy and reliability. Due to the presentation of misleading dates, the so-called "errors-travelers" might occur, e.g., a case of inaccuracy in the date of birth of the traveler and writer Matas Šalčius.
In the description of biograms, the administrative distribution of the definite period of the author\u27s life should be considered
Tarptautinė unifikacija ir valstybinė bibliografija
Get PDFEvery single bibliographic agency knows from its own experience that only nation-wide standards ensure the exchange of bibliographic data inside the country. The development of international co-operation requires the adoption of standards on the international level. The international unification guarantees the compatibility of bibliographic data and the possibility of universal access to it.
The article deals with the adaptation of international bibliographic standards to Lithuanian needs. Essential for Universal Bibliographic Control are the International Standards for Bibliographic Description (ISBD) and machine-readable formats—UNIMARC, international systems of standard numbering of publications (ISSN, ISBN, ISMN, ISRC, ISRN). New significance is acquired by the standards for authority data. The experience of the bibliographic agencies in foreign countries is characterized in the article. The author describes the situation of incorporating the international standards into the work of the bibliographic services, especially the National Bibliographic Agency (the Centre of Bibliography and Book Science). This Agency is responsible for translating the international standards, disseminating information about them, and monitoring the situation of their implementation.
At present, Lithuania has a real possibility to join the international information system. In the conditions of the market economy, the main requirement is to prepare competitive bibliographic information corresponding to the standards and rules of the global bibliographic network
Juozapo Zavadzkfo firmos lietuviškų leidinių platinimas 1805-1864 m.
Get PDFJ. Zavadzkis\u27 firm—one of the largest printing, publishing, and distributing firms in Lithuania—was the most important enterprise in the publishing and trade of Lithuanian books in the 19th century. The extent of the Zavadzkis family\u27s trade in Lithuanian books directly depended on the publishing activity of the firm. The passive publication of Lithuanian books in the period of 1805-1852 resulted in a minimal extent of Lithuanian books sold. It didn\u27t reach 1% of book sales during the period described.
The trade of Lithuanian books became very active in 1853-1864, during the years of intensive publishing of Lithuanian books, when one-third of all books printed at that time appeared from the firm. In addition to the bookshop in Vilnius, which had been in operation since 1805, a bookshop in Varniai was established in 1853. The bookshop in Varniai, being located in the center of Lithuanian democratic culture and the most Lithuanian and literate part of Lithuania, became a very important center for the distribution of Lithuanian books. The extent of trade at the bookshop in Varniai was larger than that in Vilnius. In 1853-1864, the bookshop in Vilnius sold about 16,000 copies of Lithuanian books, while 280,000 copies were sent to Varniai. There were 45 titles of books published by the Zavadzkis family.
There were also publications by L. Ivinskis, S. Daukantas, M. Valančius, and M. Akelaitis. The number of Lithuanian book titles compared with titles in other languages was very small in both the Vilnius and Varniai bookshops due to second editions or large print runs. Customers acquired books in different ways; trade "by counter" was not very popular. Small traders engaged in commission trade often resold books to the main customers, who were peasants. Book sales particularly thrived at annual fairs in various towns and small towns across Lithuania. The fairs in Šiluva and Kalvarijos were particularly famous, and special shipments from the Vilnius bookshop were arranged for them. Other customers, such as office employees, doctors, teachers, chemists, and clergy from different regions, often subscribed to books and received them by mail. The customers of the bookshops were spread throughout Žemaičių and Vilnius dioceses. J. Zavadzkis\u27 firm used book advertisements by making bibliographical lists of books and printing them on book covers or in separate publications. In 1858, the first trade bibliographical publication appeared in Greater Lithuania