Knygotyra
Not a member yet
1356 research outputs found
Sort by
Prūsų raštija
Get PDFThe appearance of historically testified written monuments in Old Prussian is connected with the beginning of the Christianization of Old Prussian tribes, i.e., with the aggression of the Catholic Teutonic Order against the Old Prussians and other peoples of the Baltic region in the 13th century.
The oldest written monument in Old Prussian is the so-called “Elbing Vocabulary,” i.e., a German-Prussian glossary of 802 words found in 1825 by W. Neumann in Elbing. This manuscript was a copy from the end of the 14th century made by some P. Holzwescher from an older original, which may be dated to the beginning of the 14th century or even the end of the 13th century. Other known manuscripts in Old Prussian include a short glossary from the 16th century by S. Grunau, a number of samples of the Old Prussian speech registered by H. Maletius in Samland in the middle of the 16th century, a fragment of the “Pater Noster” from the 15th century, and an inscription in a folio of the 14th century found in 1974 by S. McCluskey in the library of the University of Basel (the so-called Basel epigram).
Printed materials include only three items: two almost identical catechisms from 1545, containing 98 vs. 99 lines of Prussian text in different sub-dialects of Samland, and a translation of M. Luther\u27s “Enchiridion” from 1561. The language of the latter catechism, i.e., the 3rd Prussian Catechism, is closer to that of one of the catechisms of 1545, named the 2nd Prussian Catechism, and deviates from the language of the other catechism of 1545, named the 1st Prussian Catechism. All three books were printed in Königsberg, the first two printed by H. Weinreich and the third printed by J. Daubmann.
Although the catechisms were compiled in Samland, their phonetic features differ from those fixed in the Prussian toponymy of Samland, which conform to the phonetic features of all other monuments of Old Prussian: in all monuments except the Catechisms, as well as in the toponymy, there is the letter o corresponding to Lithuanian uo, Latvian uō, while there are the letters ū, o in these instances in the Catechisms. Since there were successors of 1600 Yatvingians deported after 1283 in Samland, a question arises whether the Catechisms really represent the Old Prussian and not the Yatvingian language
Kauno universiteto fakultetų ir jų padalinių bibliotekos
Get PDFIn this article, the work of the libraries of Kaunas University faculties up to 1940 is analyzed. Their principal task was to provide readers with scientific and educational literature. The Technical Faculty, Theological-Philosophical Faculty, Faculty of Law, and Faculty of Humanities possessed the largest libraries. Other faculties organized libraries and collections of printed materials (no more than 1000 copies) in departments, laboratories, and for studies and seminars. The acquisition funds were assigned by the State Budget. Acquisition sources included bookstores, international library loans, and gifts. The libraries of the faculties operated independently until 1940. They assisted the Central Library of Kaunas University in providing its readers with literature necessary for studies. The libraries also took part in the pedagogical and scientific work of Kaunas University
O библиографическом методе
No full textIn this article, the discussion with M. G. Vochryševa about the bibliographical method and its co-scientific status is investigated. The author thinks that the given arguments are weak and erroneous. The creation of special scientific bibliographical methods is the task of the future. The perspectives for this are opened by the developing general theory of bibliography.
 
Mokslinės periodikos apytaka Lietuvoje XIX a. pirmojoje pusėje: Vilniaus universiteto atvejis
Get PDFThis article examines the evolution and circulation of scientific periodicals within the academic community of Vilnius. The study aims to determine how periodicals from abroad reached Lithuania, how they were stored at Vilnius University, and how scientists utilized these information resources. It was found that the concept of scientific periodicals in the early 19th century began to emerge in bibliographic classification and librarians’ documentation, with their form and content being equated to popular science and/or the continuous works of scientific academies and societies. The distribution of scientific periodicals, especially those received from abroad, faced obstacles due to repressive censorship, which were attempted to be overcome using alternative channels (services of street book vendors). Despite the “clutches” on scientific information, the periodicals collection at Vilnius University Library grew significantly between 1803 and 1832, catering to the needs of the academic community. The thematic and content analysis of this collection from a heritage perspective would be the subject of another study.Straipsnyje nagrinėjama mokslinės periodikos sampratos kaita ir cirkuliacija Vilniaus akademinėje bendruomenėje. Siekta nustatyti, kaip periodiniai leidiniai iš užsienio pasiekdavo Lietuvą, kaip jie buvo saugomi Vilniaus universitete, kaip mokslininkai elgėsi su šiais informacijos ištekliais. Nustatyta, kad mokslinės periodikos samprata XIX a. pradžioje skynėsi kelią bibliografinėje klasifikacijoje ir bibliotekininkų dokumentacijoje, jos forma ir turinys tapatinti su mokslo populiarinimo ir / ar tęstiniais mokslo akademijų ir draugijų darbais. Mokslinės periodikos platinimas, ypač gaunamų iš užsienio leidinių, susidūrė su represinės cenzūros trukdymais, kuriuos siekta įveikti naudojant alternatyvius kanalus (gatvės bukinistų paslaugos). Nepaisant mokslinės informacijos „gniaužtų“, Vilniaus universiteto bibliotekoje periodikos fondas atsižvelgiant į akademinės bendruomenės poreikius 1803–1832 m. smarkiai išaugo. Jo teminė ir turinio analizė paveldo aspektu būtų kito tyrimo objektas
Išeivijos spauda Lietuvoje per penketą sovietinio draudimo dešimtmečių
No full textThe second Soviet occupation (1944-1990) forced a significant part of the intelligentsia into exile to the West. In 1945, not only the publishing of Lithuanian books but also newspapers and magazines was launched in DP (Displaced Persons) camps in Germany. This kind of press was labeled by Lithuanian authorities as a weapon of hostile ideology. From the release of the very first publications, the Lithuanian exile press was under the watchful supervision of Soviet ideological and repressive institutions, as it served as a primary source reflecting the life and activities of emigrants or so-called people’s enemies. Meanwhile, these publications were kept secret from the public.
Nearly 50 years of the Soviet ban on exile press can be compared with the Lithuanian press ban at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century pursued by Tzarist rule. It was only since the 1950s that emigrants\u27 publications were stored in so-called "special preservation" departments of the greatest libraries of Lithuania. Strict directions for use restricted access to this kind of information. Meanwhile, the staff of the Press and Information Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs compiled and published exile press reviews in Lithuanian periodicals, providing their commentaries on the books and periodicals that were inaccessible to Lithuanian citizens. However, the reviews presented an extremely negative coverage of emigrant life. Irrespective of the ideological bias of the reviews, the public had an opportunity to get some information, though distorted and ideologically committed.
Despite exceptionally strict measures taken on shipment control, withdrawal of books from parcels from abroad, and the confiscation of books from comers, since the 1950s, some Lithuanian exile publications appeared in private collections. This article deals with the illegal ways the exile press found its way into Lithuania. Based on numerous pieces of evidence, the article covers the dissemination of exile publications in society and their influence on their readers. The issue of Lithuanian emigration institutions\u27 standpoint on relations with occupied Lithuania is also widely discussed. The article presents two different views. Some took the position that any relations with organizations in occupied Lithuania were impossible. While others, particularly the organization "Santara-Šviesa" (an active participant of which was the incumbent President of the Republic of Lithuania, Valdas Adamkus), promoted the slogan "Face to Lithuania." "Santara-Šviesa" urged all emigration organizations to extend official contacts with Lithuania through the community "Tėviškė." The community, established by Soviet institutions for relations with nationals abroad, was under the strict control of national security organizations and was commanded from Moscow. However, it was the only legal way contributing to communication between emigrants and people of culture in Lithuania.
Meanwhile, much effort was made to disseminate emigrant publications in Lithuania through other unofficial means since the publications served as an open window to a free world in an occupied country. The main event, which marked the beginning of cultural infiltration by emigrant representatives, was the journey of junior Lithuanian emigrant basketball players and the accompanying delegation to Lithuania, during which particularly large numbers of emigrant publications were brought and distributed.
The Lithuanian exile press underwent a difficult journey to free itself from censorship and suppression. The restrictions and bans on the exile press were lifted only in July 1989, marking the end of a press ban that lasted nearly five decades
Rašto sistemos: politikos ir knygotyros problemos
No full textBibliology — the study of the book\u27s culture—is rich in the tradition of writing research. The theoretical basis of this paper is the scheme of bibliology by Robert Estivals, who proposed a new course of this science called "the political research of writing: the authorities and the writing systems." Writing systems have always been understood as tools of social communication, which were highly influenced by politics. For political reasons, writing creates a certain (sometimes an entirely new) type of media reality. The mutual relationships that shape this process occur in the following sequence: politics → writing (a writing system) → book (a book system) → user of the book system. The following spheres are of primary significance:
(1) The creation of scripts for languages and ethnic groups whose languages are unwritten;
(2) The alterations of writing systems introduced by state, religious authorities, and/or intellectual elites;
(3) The quantity of writings used in one language;
(4) The great number of writings used in one state;
(5) Writing as the means of upholding national and religious heritage;
(6) The national and local variants of "universal" writings as a form of political manifestation.
A political perspective is an all-too-useful scientific category as far as the study of writing systems and books within bibliology is concerned. Its application enriches our knowledge of the culture of the book from global and national (ethnic) perspectives. It may also play an important role in contemporary book policy on a local or international scale.Knygotyra - knygos kultūros tyrimas - pasižymi gausiomis rašto tyrimo tradicijomis. Teorinis šio straipsnio pagrindas - Roberto Estvals\u27o. pasiūliusio naują šio mokslo kursą. knygotyros modelis. Kursas pavadintas „Politinis rašto tyrimas: valdžia ir rašto sistemos". Rašto sistemos visada buvo suvokiamos kaip socialinės komunikacijos įrankiai, kuriems politika darė didelę įtaką. Dėl politinių priežasčių raštas sukuria tam tikrą (kartais visiškai naują) medijos realybės tipą. Abipusiai santykiai, lemiantys šį procesą, veikia tokia seka: politika - raštas (rašto sistema) - knyga (knygos sistema) - knygos sistemos vartotojas. Esminę reikšmę turi šios sferos: 1) rašto kūrimas kalboms ir etninėms grupėms. kurios neturi rašto; 2) rašto sistemų pakeitimai, daromi valstybės, religinės valdžios ir (ar) intelektualų; 3) raštų skaičius vienoje kalboje; 4) didelis vienoje valstybėje vartojamų raštų skaičius; 5) raštas kaip nacionalinio ir religinio paveldo išlaikymo priemonė; 6) "universalių" rašto sistemų nacionalinės ir vietinės versijos kaip politinės raiškos forma.
Politinė perspektyva yra labai naudinga mokslo kategorija studijuojant rašto sistemas ir knygą. Jos taikymas praturtina knygos kultūros žinias globaliais ir nacionaliniais (etniniais) aspektais. Ji taip pat gali atlikti svarbų vaidmenį formuojant šiuolaikinę nacionalinę ir tarptautinę politiką
