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Serijinės literatūros vertimai Estijos laikraščiuose XX a. pradžioje (1900–1940 m.)
Get PDFThe paper explores the serialised novels and stories in the two leading Estonian daily newspapers, Päewaleht and Postimees, the majority of which were translations. The approach, combining book and translation history, is driven by the two issues debated in the media in 1900–1940: the desire to distance from the dominant German and Russian cultural influences and search for a new orientation; the categories of literature serialised in newspapers including the proportion of popular literature (genres like mystery, thrillers, romance, etc.) and the concern of intellectuals about its growth. The study uses the years 1906–1911 and 1928–1933 as a sample for content analysis of the feuilleton sections of the two newspapers in order to examine the changes in source literatures and the category of literature. The results demonstrate that German literature still dominated the serialised fiction translations at the beginning of the century, although many other literatures were used as sources. In the independent Republic of Estonia, in the 1920s and 1930s, Anglo-American literature occupied the leading position in accordance with the general cultural orientation. Still, German had not become marginal, and the range of other source literatures was quite diverse. The proportion of popular literature, mystery novels, and romance above all, started to increase in Päewaleht since 1906, becoming dominant in the 1920s and 1930s. Postimees also started to include some mystery and thriller novels in the selection, but in general, remained true to its preference for literary fiction. Thus, the agency of the Editors-in-Chief and editorial boards can be seen in the choice of works. The overall abundance of translated popular fiction in the book market and periodicals caused the protests of writers and educational circles that culminated with the suggestion to introduce a translation tax, which was, however, abandoned.Straipsnyje nagrinėjami serijiniai romanai ir apsakymai, dalimis publikuoti dviejuose populiariausiuose Estijos dienraščiuose – „Päewaleht“ ir „Postimees“. Dauguma tiriamų kūrinių ištraukų buvo verčiamos iš kitų kalbų. Knygų ir vertimų istorijos tyrimą lėmė dvi 1900–1940 m. žiniasklaidoje nagrinėtos problemos: noras atsiriboti nuo dominuojančios vokiečių ir rusų kultūros įtakos kartu su naujos orientacijos paieškomis; intelektualų susirūpinimas serijinės literatūros, ypač populiariosios literatūros žanrų (tokių kaip mistika, trileriai, meilės romanai ir kt.) spaudoje išpopuliarėjimu. Siekiant ištirti literatūros šaltinių ir literatūros žanrų pokyčius, turinio analizės tyrimui buvo pasirinkti minėtų dviejų laikraščių 1906–1911 m. ir 1928–1933 m. feljetonų skyriai. Rezultatai rodo, kad vokiečių serialinė grožinė literatūra XX šimtmečio pradžioje vis dar dominavo kaip pasirinkimas versti, nors buvo versta ir kitų šalių literatūra. Nepriklausomos Estijos Respublikos laikotarpiu, trečiajame ir ketvirtajame dešimtmečiuose, atliepiant bendrą kultūrinę orientaciją tarp vertimų populiariausia buvo anglų ir amerikiečių literatūra. Vis dėlto vokiečių literatūra nebuvo nustumta į paraštes, o ir kitos literatūros spektras buvo gana įvairus. Pastebėta, kad nuo 1906 m. „Päewaleht“ pradėjo daugėti populiariosios literatūros, mistinių romanų ir visų pirma – meilės romanų – vertimų, o trečiajame ir ketvirtajame dešimtmečiuose ši literatūra tapo dominuojanti. „Postimees“ leidėjai taip pat pradėjo rinktis spausdinti kai kuriuos mistikos romanus ir trilerius, tačiau apskritai laikraštis liko ištikimas grožinei literatūrai. Taigi pagal kūrinių pasirinkimą jaučiamas vyriausiųjų redaktorių ir redakcinių kolegijų agentūrų vaidmuo. Bendra verstinės populiariosios grožinės literatūros gausa knygų rinkoje ir periodinėje spaudoje sukėlė rašytojų ir švietimo atstovų protestus, kurie baigėsi siūlymu įvesti vertimo mokestį, kurio galiausiai vis dėlto buvo atsisakyta
Neformalių XX a. pabaigos – XXI a. pradžios Lietuvos jaunimo leidinių – fanzinų – leidybos tendencijos
Get PDFThis article analyzes Lithuanian youth subcultural group publications – fanzines (zines) – which have not yet received broader attention from researchers. Paper fanzines started to be created at the end of the 20th century and became popular in the 1990s, spreading Western culture ideas and changing the political, and socio-cultural environment in Lithuania along with technological copying and reproduction possibilities.
Using resources from Lithuania’s Youth Culture Digital Archive “Lithuanian Zine Collection” and additionally collected sources, the article analyzes the trends in the creation and publishing of fanzines. By comparing the publishing similarities and differences of fanzines attributed to different subcultural groups, the aim is to understand the cultural context of these publications, their relationship with readers, and the publishing possibilities of fanzine creators.
The study applies descriptive metadata analysis and systematization of fanzines, as well as ethnographic research methods (targeted interview, questionnaire, and qualitative interviews with fanzine authors, publishers, and collectors).
The research results showed that in Lithuania, mainly in the 1990s, metal music fanzine authors, unlike punks and science fiction fans, created more publications written in English. Metal music fanzines were characterized by greater volume. Science fiction fans’ publications differed from those of metalheads and punks by a greater number of continuous issues and fewer one-time publications. Authors of fanzines associated with punk ideology mostly chose to independently reproduce publications using a copying machine, while creators of metal music and science fiction fanzines more often used professional printing services.
The language used in fanzines and its style helped to form a close relationship with readers, revealed the identity traits of subcultural groups, and helped metal music fanzine authors to integrate into the international fanzine culture context. Seeking independence and individuality, fanzine creators disregarded professional publishing standards. Fanzine publishing depended on individual choice, motivation, creativity, reader interest, and technological possibilities (publication reproduction, layout). Fanzines created in Lithuania became one of the main forms of idea dissemination, creative freedom, and self-expression for alternative youth communication.Straipsnyje analizuojami iki šiol platesnio tyrėjų dėmesio nesulaukę Lietuvos jaunimo subkultūrinių grupių leidiniai – fanzinai (zinai). Popieriniai fanzinai pradėti kurti XX a. pabaigoje ir išpopuliarėjo XX a. 10 dešimtmetyje plintant Vakarų kultūros idėjoms, keičiantis Lietuvos politinei, sociokultūrinei aplinkai, technologinėms kopijavimo ir dauginimo galimybėms.
Straipsnyje, pasitelkus Skaitmeninio Lietuvos jaunimo kultūros archyvo „Lietuvos zinų kolekcijos“ ir papildomai surinktų šaltinių išteklius, analizuojamos fanzinų kūrimo ir leidybos tendencijos. Lyginant atskiroms subkultūrinėms grupėms priskirtų fanzinų leidybos panašumus ir skirtumus, siekiama suprasti šių leidinių kūrimo kultūrinį kontekstą, santykį su skaitytojais, fanzinų kūrėjų leidybos galimybes.
Tyrimui taikoma fanzinų aprašomųjų metaduomenų analizės ir sisteminimo, etnografinio tyrimo metodai (tikslinis pokalbis, klausimynas, kokybiniai interviu su fanzinų autoriais, leidėjais, kolekcininkais).
Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad Lietuvoje daugiausiai XX a. 10 dešimtmetyje metalo muzikos fanzinų autoriai, skirtingai nei pankai ir fantastikos mėgėjai, kūrė daugiau anglų kalba parašytų leidinių. Metalo muzikos fanzinai pasižymėjo didesne apimtimi. Fantastikos mėgėjų leidiniai nuo metalistams ir pankams priskirtų fanzinų skyrėsi didesniu tęstinių leidinių numerių skaičiumi ir mažesniu vienkartinių leidinių skaičiumi. Su pankų ideologija siejamų fanzinų autoriai daugiausia rinkosi leidinius dauginti savarankiškai kopijavimo aparatu. Metalo muzikos ir fantastikos fanzinų kūrėjai dažniau naudojosi profesionalių spaustuvių paslaugomis.
Fanzinuose vartojama kalba, jos stilius padėjo formuoti artimą ryšį su skaitytojais, atskleidė subkultūrinių grupių tapatumo bruožus, padėjo ypač metalo muzikos fanzinų autoriams įsilieti į tarptautinį fanzinų kultūros kontekstą. Siekdami savarankiškumo ir individualumo, fanzinų kūrėjai nepaisė profesionalios leidybos standartų. Fanzinų leidyba priklausė nuo individualaus pasirinkimo, motyvacijos ir kūrybiškumo, skaitytojų susidomėjimo ir technologinių (leidinių dauginimo, maketavimo) galimybių. Lietuvoje kurti fanzinai tapo viena pagrindine alternatyvaus jaunimo bendravimo, idėjų sklaidos, kūrybinės laisvės ir saviraiškos forma
Vilniaus pijorų spaustuvės užsienio autorių leidiniai
Get PDFVilnius Pierists Publishing House, founded in 1754, is known as one of the best publishing houses of the 18th century in the Lithuanian Grand Duchy. Approximately 300 books were published in this publishing house until the end of the century. In the 18th century, when great attention was paid to education, there was significant interest in the publishing of popular scientific literature. Since local society was not able to prepare the necessary textbooks for schools in a short period of time, translated textbooks were used. The 18th-century translations list from Vilnius Pierists Publishing House shows that translations of foreign authors\u27 works formed 22% of the publications from this house. Secular literature made up 65% of all translations published by Vilnius Pierists Publishing House. Works by foreign authors from the 17th and the beginning of the 18th centuries were translated most often. Translations from French comprised the greatest portion of translations at 61%, from Latin 31%, from Italian 6%, and from English 2%. The translations helped overcome the cultural backwardness of the country more effectively than original literature and supplied the market with desirable books
Lietuvos universiteto ir Prancūzijos knyginiai ryšiai
Get PDFThe purpose of the article is to reveal the nature of the book relations between the University of Lithuania and France. These relations were a constituent part of the scientific, pedagogical, and cultural cooperation. The latter was developed between the University and various French scientific institutions and societies. It intensified in the second decade of the University’s work (1932-1940). The mutual cooperation had the greatest influence on the Faculty of Humanities. Notable French philologists and literati (R. Schmittlein, A. Prioult, and others) lectured there. The government of France supported the studies of the French language and literature.
There were direct relations between the Library of the University and France. They became one of the sources of the book fund enrichment through the exchange of books and receiving them as gifts. The Library received donations of publications from the French government and its institutions, as well as from various publishers and private individuals. The book fund was enriched by about 2,000 publications, which influenced the studies of humanities. The most significant private gift was 294 publications from the personal library of the poet and diplomat of Lithuanian origin, Oskaras Milašius. Gifts and exchanges did not significantly impact the growth of the book fund of the Library. However, there are no doubts about their scientific and cultural value.
A conclusion can be drawn that the book relations between the University of Lithuania and France grew together with the scientific and cultural cooperation. They were an effective contribution to the intellectual cooperation between the two countries—Lithuania and France
Vaclovo Biržiškos bendražygis Izidorius Kisinas
Get PDFIn this article, the lesser-known periods of L. Kisinas\u27s life and activities connected with V. Biržiška are revealed. From 1935 to 1941, L. Kisinas worked in the libraries of Kaunas and Vilnius University, both headed by V. Biržiška. During that time, L. Kisinas prepared many bibliographical works such as "Professor Eduardas Volteris\u27s Bibliography" (1928), "Professor Mykolas Biržiška\u27s Bibliography" (1931), "Antanas Smetona\u27s Bibliography and Biobibliography" (1935), and others.
However, the most important work, which was not known for a long time, was the work dedicated to A. Smetona. While writing it, L. Kisinas was consulted by V. Biržiška, who also wrote the introduction to this book. In this introduction, there is a very rare photo featuring V. Biržiška, L. Kisinas, and L. Gira participating in the ceremony when the bibliography was being handed to A. Smetona.
L. Kisinas was involved in all the activities run by V. Biržiška, including preparing "Bibliography News," "Lithuanian Encyclopaedia," and so on. While preparing material about the Gipsies, L. Kisinas became acquainted with Gipsy culture and gathered much material not only about their life but also contributed significantly to Gipsy language grammar (this material is preserved by Silvijus, L. Kisinas\u27s son).
From 1941 to 1944, L. Kisinas faced many problems due to his origin. It was claimed that he was a Jew and had only adopted Christianity when marrying a Lithuanian girl. In documents, he used to write that he was Lithuanian. This issue also troubled V. Biržiška. However, in 1941, their paths diverged: V. Biržiška left for the West and settled in the USA, while L. Kisinas returned to Lithuania from Germany in 1944-1945.
Thus, L. Kisinas is known as one of the most serious culture workers and one of the most productive bibliographers in Lithuania