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Überprüfung eines phraseologischen Grundwortschatzes – eine explorative Datenanalyse
Get PDFThis article addresses the question of which possibilities and limitations of frequency-based studies on the relevance of multi-word expressions open up for applied purposes. For this purpose, the corpus Ref10 of the project Wortschatzwissen.de was exploratively examined. After the development of a category system for multi-word expressions, a sample of the corpus was examined and assigned to the different categories. Subsequently, the identified multi-word expressions were compared with a phrase list of Hallsteinsdóttir, Šajánková & Quasthoff (2006). Findings suggest that the proportion of collocations is particularly high in all subcorpora and that, in addition, idioms and light verb constructions are predominant. Moreover, a large proportion of the idioms identified in the Ref10 corpus sample does not occur at all or occurs only partially, i.e. in an unlisted variant, in the phraseological optimum of Hallsteinsdóttir, Šajánková & Quasthoff (2006). This raises above all the question of how phrase variance is to be evaluated in corpus analyses and to what extent corpus linguists should rely only on basic vocabulary from the perspective of Applied linguistics
Verschiedene sprichwörtliche Redensarten – das erste kroatische phraseologische Wörterbuch
Get PDFThe first Croatian phraseological dictionary, compiled in German under the title Verschiedene sprichwörtliche Redensarten was published as a part of the conversational manual accompanying the last published grammar of the Kajkavian literary language, Grammatik der kroatischen Mundart. Its author, Ignac Kristijanović, had accomplished this pioneering undertaking against the contemporary practice, listing the idioms as separate phraseological units in form of a small phraseological dictionary, and not within the dictionary entries of the general dictionary. The paper deals with the macro- and microstructure of Kristijanović’s dictionary within the theoretical framework of the so-called Zagreb School of Phraseology (Menac, Fink-Arsovski).On the macrostructural level, the analysis focuses on the selection principles of the included units and their order in the dictionary. Special attention is paid to the question which material is included, ie. whether the dictionary contains only idioms defined in accordance with today’s phraseological theory and whether the author makes a distinction between idioms and other fixed multi-word expressions (collocations, proverbs).On the microstructural level, it is being examined which form of a idiom is taken as a lemma and how the Kajkavian idioms are translated on the German side of the dictionary (an equivalent German idiom; a German idiom and the explanation of its meaning; the description of the situation in which the idiom is being used). In addition, the question of dealing with synonymous idioms is discussed.In spite of a sporadically non-systematic treatment of structurally similar idioms as dictionary units, and taking into consideration that the Verschiedene sprichwörtliche Redensarten was compiled in the first half of the 19th century, Kristijanović’s dictionary can be viewed as an interesting and valuable contribution to Croatian and Slavic phraseology and phraseography.Im Jahre 1837 erschien in Zagreb die Grammatik der kroatischen Mundart von Ignac Kristijanović und drei Jahre danach auch das Wörterbuch Anhang zur Grammatik der kroatischen Mundart, was schon an sich ein Kuriosum darstellt, weil Wörterbücher gewöhnlich ein integraler Bestandteil damaliger Fremdsprachenlehrwerke waren. Der Anhang umfasst sechs Teile: Sammlung der notwendigsten Wörter (ein alphabetisch angeordnetes kajkavisch-deutsches und deutsch-kajkavisches Wörterbuch), Verschiedene sprichwörtliche Redensarten, Sprichwörter, Gespräche im Umgange zur Übung im Kroatisch-Reden und zur Erlangung der Geläufigkeit in der kroatischen Sprache, Vermischte Erzählungen und Verschiedene Briefe. Das Thema des vorliegenden Beitrags ist der dritte Teil des Wörterbuches, also Verschiedene sprichwörtliche Redensarten, der das erste kroatische phraseologische Wörterbuch darstellt. Trotz geringen Umfangs (circa 290 Seiten) gebührt ihm besondere Beachtung, weil es eine wesentliche Abweichung von der damaligen lexikographischen Praxis darstellt. Nämlich, bis zum Erscheinen des Anhangs war die lexikographische Bearbeitung fester Wortverbindungen eher unsystematisch und in allgemeinen Wörterbüchern integriert. In diesem Artikel wird der Versuch unternommen, phraseologische Äquivalenzbeziehungen in Kristijanovićs Wörterbuch nach den Grundsätzen der modernen Phraseologie zu erläutern. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird dabei seinen phraseologischen Methoden geschenkt: Wie stellt der Autor die Beziehungen zwischen Phrasemvarianten oder Rektionsvarianten dar und wie versucht er, durch die Kontextualisierung der kajkavischen Phraseme ihre Bedeutung einem deutschsprachigen Zielpublikum näherzubringen
Formeln, Wortspiele, Verse und mehr: Wo Humorforschung Phraseologie trifft
Get PDF This paper aims to examine the meeting points between phraseology and humor research, focusing on the role and the functions of fixed phrases in humor discourse. The examples to illustrate certain aspects of usage of fixed phrases for joke purposes are taken mainly from social media such as Facebook and Twitter and include jokes in English, German, Lithuanian, Russian, and Polish. In the course of the investigation, a distinction ought to be made between set phrases (idioms in the narrower sense of the term, proverbs, catch phrases etc.) and fixed phrases in general. Set phrases (phrasemes) have an “added value” regarding their meaning – be it a figurative element, be it ready-made reasoning or behavioral models in short form in the case of adages. In humor discourse idioms – and proverbs – are used mainly for wordplay, in which both the literal and the idiomatic meaning are activated. The wordplay can happen also in verse form. Adages can be transformed or twisted resulting in new parodistic or funny sayings. Fixed phrases outside of the phraseology can be separated into two groups: phrases typical for a particular discourse type and joke frame related phrases. The former, as means to evoke a certain frame, are used in parodistic jokes (e.g., the phrase ladies if he evokes the dating tips frame). The latter constitute a distinct class of fixed phrases which can be found only in the humor discourse: these phrases act as joke formulae und provide a basis for bigger or smaller joke categories. Certain phrases in this group, such as checks notes or nothing like deserve a mention as irony markers with a distinctive evaluative character. The shared feature of all these idiomatic and non-idiomatic phrases is that they are well-known, re-occur in the language and, in that respect, can considered belonging to the sphere of interests of phraseology. Regarding the main functions of fixed phrases in the humor discourse, they can contribute to the social play, provide the cues to switch to a nonserious humor mindset or express evaluation – from mild mockery to aggressive ridicule
Melnikienė, Danguolė. Dictionnaire lituanien–français / Lietuvių–prancūzų kalbų žodynas. Paris: Hermann Éditeur, 2020, pp. 1151, ISBN 9791037003232.
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Zur Synonymie bei personenbezeichnenden Einwortidiomen – Eine Analyse am Beispiel von Angsthase und seinen Synonymen
Get PDFThe subject of this article are selected German one-word idioms that describe the human trait of anxiety. At the center of the investigation is the question of the synonymy of the phraseologisms to be analyzed. The aim of the study is to show to what extent the analyzed phraseological units can be regarded as synonymous and consequently as interchangeable. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the data taken from the DeReKo. The background to the research on this question is provided by considerations over the definition of single-word idioms, which aim to show that, despite their monolexicality, German single-word idioms should be included in the subject area of phraseology. For this, various arguments are presented and discussed in the theoretical part of the article. The appearance of the synonyms in the lexicon is then explained in more detail, and the manner in which the synonymy is manifested in the phraseolexicon is also discussed. It is pointed out that phraseological units can be synonymous both with one another and with other units of the lexicon. However, it should be noted that only the first perspective of the synonymy of phraseological units is examined in the article
Phraseologische Strukturen in Hermann Kinders autobiografischer Krankheitserzählung „Der Weg allen Fleisches“ (2014)
Get PDFHermann Kinder’s novel contains a conspicuous number of phraseological elements, which is unusual for the writing style of this author. The article describes the accumulation of phraseological and idiomatic material and its usage as a literary stylistic resource. The analysis focuses on the relation of the linguistic appearance and the aesthetic function of the phraseologisms. Therefore, the article intends to contribute to an interdisciplinary method of interpretation, linking linguistic and literary studies. It also includes psychoanalytic concepts to describe the author’s specific linguistic expression of his autobiographical experience of illness. The aesthetic function of the phraseologisms and idiomatic phrases changes in relation to the novel’s progress. In the beginning, collocations increase the cohesion of the text in order to create an image of health. When the disease becomes more and more evident, the emotional affection of the protagonist is being controlled by formulistic linguistic elements. In addition, the author unmasks the pragmatic automatism of the medical language and the failure of its empathetic function by ironically evoking the ambiguity of idiomatic phrases. As a contrast, the narrator refers back to a comforting symbolic language by using linguistic patterns of fairy tales as an imitation of phraseological components. As a result, the analysis indicates that the inclusion of phraseological material in this literary pathobiography seems to provide a linguistic space of shelter for the suffering protagonist. The context-related, varying usage of phraseologisms in this text also seems to linguistically reflect a collective, culturally overarching psychosomatic experience of illness
Der Stellenwert von Aufgabenorientierung und Formfokussierung in der phraseologiebezogenen Wortschatzarbeit
Get PDFA controversial issue for teachers of German as a foreign language is the balance between content and form. This also applies to vocabulary work in the field of phraseology. The modeling of language competence in the communicative approach is based on the understanding of language as a means of communication. Accordingly, the primary claim of communicative language didactics is to go beyond the description of structures of the foreign language and to place appropriate, situated linguistic action at the center of teaching. Against this theoretical background, content-oriented approaches such as Task-Based Learning have emerged in foreign language didactics, which emphasize the communicative aspect of language and place the didactic emphasis on situated, authentic tasks. Nevertheless, this emphasis did not lead to the suppression of form-based approaches which consider precision in language mastery by focusing on formal aspects through exercises to be necessary and desirable.This paper examines the question of the importance of exercises and tasks in phraseology-based vocabulary work. Against the theoretical background of the approaches of Task-Based Learning (TBL) and Focus on Form (FoF), possibilities for the integration of content-oriented and form-focussing teaching concepts for the promotion of phraseological competence are shown by means of concrete examples. Furthermore, the question of their balance in teaching is discussed.Ein Spannungsfeld für DaF-Lehrende besteht im Gleichgewicht zwischen Inhalt und Form. Dies gilt auch für die Wortschatzarbeit im Bereich der Phraseologie. Die Modellierung der Sprachkompetenz im kommunikativen Ansatz basiert auf dem Verständnis von Sprache als Kommunikationsmittel. Dementsprechend besteht der primäre Anspruch der kommunikativ orientierten Sprachdidaktik darin, über die Beschreibung von Strukturen der Fremdsprache hinauszugehen und angemessenes, situiertes sprachliches Handeln ins Zentrum des Unterrichts zu rücken. Vor diesem theoretischen Hintergrund bildeten sich in der Fremdsprachendidaktik inhaltsorientierte Ansätze wie das aufgabenorientierte Lernen heraus, die den kommunikativen Aspekt von Sprache betonen und den didaktischen Schwerpunkt auf situierte, realitätsnahe Aufgaben legen. Dennoch führte diese Schwerpunktsetzung nicht zur Verdrängung formbezogener Ansätze. Diese erachten Präzision in der Sprachbeherrschung durch die Fokussierung formaler Aspekte anhand von Übungen als notwendig und erstrebenswert.Im Beitrag wird der Frage nach dem Stellenwert von Übungen und Aufgaben in der phraseologiebezogenen Wortschatzarbeit nachgegangen. Vor dem theoretischen Hintergrund der Ansätze der Aufgabenorientierung und der Formfokussierung werden Möglichkeiten für die Integration inhaltsorientierter und formfokussierender Unterrichtskonzepte zur Förderung der phraseologischen Kompetenz anhand konkreter Beispiele aufgezeigt. Ferner wird die Frage ihres Gleichgewichts bei der Unterrichtsgestaltung diskutiert
Emotion or Reason? Heart as a Container in English and Lithuanian
Get PDFBody part lexemes are among the most frequently metaphorised lexemes across languages and cultures. Heart is often conceptualised as a container for feelings and emotions, especially in Western languages and cultures. The paper sets out to examine a typical construction signalling the image schema of heart as a container: in the/my/his/ her heart in English and šird-yje (heart-loc.sg) in Lithuanian to determine the relevance of the image schema for the semantics of the above construction, especially in reference to emotions and feelings. Also types of containers in each language are identified. The investigation is based on corpus data and the key principles of metaphor identification procedure. The results demonstrate that the construction is mostly used metaphorically in both languages and the container image schema is paramount in interpreting the semantics of the construction. It is employed in at least three senses: container for emotions and feelings, centrality and hiding. However, the distribution of the senses in the two languages is quite different with Lithuanian showing more adherence to the metaphor of a container for emotions and feelings and English giving preference to heart as centre of activity and attraction