Journalism Research
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Necrology to Karol Jakubowicz
No full textOn behalf of ECREAClaudia AlvaresPresidentOn behalf of Vilnius UniversityFaculty of CommunicationAndrius VaišnysDea
Representation of President Valdas Adamkus in the US and UK press (1998–2012)
No full textThis article aims to review the representation of former Lithuanian president Valdas Adamkus in a number of US and UK online publications between 1998 and 2011. To achieve this, the following topics are discussed: political communication with the authorities and the press, writing tendencies in individual essays and main topics related to the president. Additionally, a list of all used publications is provided alongside the findings.This type of study has never been done before. It is significant as it portrays the representation of President Valdas Adamkus in the most important publications in the world during a crucial time, when Lithuania was seeking recognition in the international arena, i.e. aiming to join NATO and the EU. The practical part of this work evaluates the President’s position on various topics, and theoretical consequences that his views might have caused Lithuania. Additionally, it assesses how the aforementioned publications portrayed not just Valdas Adamkus, but also our country, since the image of the head of state is often identified with the image of his or her country. The research results have revealed that selected publications provided their audience with very limited information about the Lithuanian President. His portrayal appears fairly shallow and incomplete, focusing mainly on his personality. However, they highlight the President’s aspiration to join NATO and the EU. As expected, the portrayal of the Lithuanian leader differs in various publications.This article consists of the following: an introduction, subsections on political communication, the meaning and importance of political image and the media as a key participant in political communication. Since this article focuses on Valdas Adamkus, a brief summary of his biography, work and achievements will be provided. Systemised research results will be discussed in the practical part of this article. Research findings and bibliography will be presented in the end.
Keywords: reflection, image, presentation, periodic literature, political communication, president, representation, foreign policy
Integrative and Disintegrative Media Functions in the Information Society
Get PDFThe article aims to analyse the technological as well as ideological factors enabling integrative or disintegrative media role in society. The main assumption focuses on the social dimension of communication. The article states that internet should follow the media mission and preserve moral values. The conclusion is made that Catholic Church media doctrine seems quite effective and may be proposed as opposition to media liberalism that leads to destruction of responsible individuals, nations, and cultures.Keywords: Catholic Church media doctrine, community, disintegration, ethics, function, integration, mass media, role, social communication, social media, value
A Blog – a Place of Expressing Yourself or rather Creating a Virtual Identity?
Get PDF‘Writing a blog’ – these words pertain to the communicative situation which, since it raises a number of questions, is only seemingly simple. For instance, what is the difference between a blog and a traditional daily? What kind of relation exists between a blogger and a reader? And finally, does a blog represent the reflection of an author’s real identity; or maybe it is the network environment that makes a blogger create his or her new identity, very often a fake one? The author will attempt to answer the above questions in the present study.Keywords: blog, blogger, identity, genre, reader, representation, traditional diary, virtual reality
Persuasive Visual: Body Language and Semantic Relationship Patterns in Press Commercials
Get PDFContemporary popular culture is closely related to visual communication and its standing out phenomenon – advertising. Theorists and various researchers agree about the impact commercials have on individuals, economics, and culture. However, the question, why advertising is so effective even when the message receivers are aware of the deliberate intentions of these communicative items, still has no clear answer. Nationwide it has not been researched yet. The aim of this article is to find out semantic patterns of body language that function as communicative strategies while consuming visual discourse. The semiotic analysis is applied as the research method of commercials. Advertisements from the press that cover women and men magazines, professional and entertainment publications, and national as well as international editions are investigated. Five-year period samples allow to present universal body language use and human body depiction classifications. The main conclusion is that body in visual discourse of commercials is reduced to the instrument of persuasion: body figures simultaneously generate the meaning of the message and inscribe certain values. Because of this constant figurative overshadow and overlap of discursive levels of utterance and annunciation the offering of prescribed benefits and pleasures is so simple and so effective.
Keywords: annunciation, advertisement, advertising, body, body language, commercial, decoding, discourse, encoding, meaning, model, pattern, persuasion, press, relationship, semiotics, sense, slogan, strategy, utterance, value, visual
The Internet as a “Public Sphere”
Get PDFThis paper considers the theory of the Internet becoming part of the “public sphere”. The first part of the paper looks at how the concept of the public sphere was used by different scholars and how they defined the theory of the “public sphere”. The second part of the paper analyses how the theory about the public sphere defined by different scholars works on the practical level.Keywords: internet, network society, newspaper, public sphere, New York Times, virtuality, website
Elections in the Public Sphere: the Analysis of Lithuanian TV Debates „Lyderių Forumas“
Get PDFThe article analyses the information that spreads in the media during the election campaign. It looks at the aspect of promises made by politicians through an academic lens. The definition of a political promise is explained; some insights are devoted to an analysis of the reasons why some promises are more commonly fulfilled. The paper mostly concentrates on the role of the media, combining ideas of media theorists with the investigation of pre-election TV debates “Lyderių forumas”.Keywords: campaign, objectivity, parliamentary elections, political communication, professionalism, promise, tv debates
Framing Poverty in Lithuanian Community Newspapers: Local Authorities, Community Members and Journalists Communicating Social and Policy Changes
Get PDFCommunity media, as opposed to mainstream newsmedia, is an alternative source of information which plays a facilitative role by encouraging community members to express their interests, to join policy debates, and therefore to give authorities feedback on how ongoing policy changes affect members of communities. Due to high levels of concentration of poverty in Lithuanian rural areas and the start of a social assistance decentralisation program to poor residents in five Lithuanian regional municipalities in 2012, the role of local media in policies concerning poverty reduction has increased. Content analysis of five newspapers that served communities affected by the changes reveals that community members are provided with options to communicate poverty issues through community media. This is an empirical finding which supports the author’s claim, presented in this article, that analytical concept of rhisomatic community media rather than liberal critique of local press (which focuses on negative pressures from market and state institutions erected toward the media), is more useful for assessing deliberation processes in local newspapers. Research results show that while communicating poverty, community members prefer to communicate charity initiatives and not to directly engage in public policy debate. Coverage of policy changes is dominated by local authorities and community media journalists. Images of ‘deserving’ and ‘undeserving‘ poor (often without references to actually existing cases) dominate poverty framing in an attempt to support new cash social assistance distributions. Despite facilitating some non-governmental community-organised poverty reduction initiatives, community media acts collaboratively towards on-going policy changes and fails in empowering the poor of the communities they serve.
Keywords: community media, decentralisation, poverty
Entangled in the Net? Would Scandals function under the Conditions of the Internet alone?
Get PDFUsing semiotic method of consideration the article investigates judgement power of public sphere in traditional media and internet. The analysis reminds that news stories obey the narrative rules. They become an object for judgement only in a mediation that allows present public opinion. At the same time because of mediation and in accordance with functioning of meta-texts these stories become subject of moralising sanction to their heroes. For mass media, the mediation function creates the parallel universe of the public sphere. The aim of the article is to find an answer whether there exists something in the internet which produces a similar public universe.Theoretical argument lets to conclude that the tribunal of public opinion is not just a meaning apparatus; it also has to be narrated. That means, that the question of justice, of right or wrong, has to be turned into a pragmatic question of performance (how well?) and competence (by whom?). As publicity is only an idea, a meaning apparatus, for normative purposes need to hide behind narrative plausibility. As soon as actors are seen as pragmatic subjects, they are subject to sanctioning. Actually, a source is the direct will of the judging instance, which in the public sphere is the hypostasis of ‘all’.When internet lacks direct mediation instance, it is unable to turn information into narratives. Without public sphere produced by traditional media the internet lacks the meaning. Such stating together with the example of Wikileaks let to conclude that when there is no legitimisation of power, then, no realisation of the pragmatic subject, and in consequence – there is no scandal.
Keywords: common sense, industrial meaning, internet communication, judgement, meta-text, meaning, meaning constraint, moralising, narrative, power (meta-text 1), pragmatic subject (meta-text 2), publicity, public opinion, public sanctioning, scandal, theatre meaning
Nepriklausomos žiniasklaidos vaidmuo Baltarusijos alternatyvaus viešumo kūryboje
Get PDFoai:ojs.www4063.vu.lt:article/58Straipsnyje autorius aptaria Baltarusijos žiniasklaidos sistemos prieštaringumą – ir ekonominį, ir teisinį. Atskleisdamas šią problemą, autorius padaro įžvalgų apie būsimą ir galimą šios sistemos kaitą.
Periodinės žiniasklaidos ir viešosios sferos santykis – dvejopas. Viena vertus, ji diktuoja elgsenas, vertybes, naudoja kitas diktato rūšis ir tai trukdo viešosios erdvės savitvarkai. Kita vertus, ji yra viena iš viešos raiškos vietų, tarpininkas tarp jos bendraujančių atstovų, vienu iš būtinų viešumo komponentų. Baltarusijoje padėtis tarp viešos sferos ir žiniasklaidos ypatinga ir lemiama padėties pačiose žiniasklaidos priemonėse. Taigi aptardami santykius tarp pirmojo ir antrojo fenomeno, išnagrinėsime masinės informacijos priemonių padėtį Baltarusijos Respublikoje. Autorius atkreipia dėmesį į tai, kokie valstybės reguliuojamoje žiniasklaidos rinkoje produktai yra matomi ir nematomi (formaliai „neuždrausti“), tačiau kai kuriems pasiekti reikalinga fizinių ir intelektualinių pastangų: t. y. žinoti, kur rasti ir pasirengti suprasti turinį.
Esminiai žodžiai: atstovaujamoji žiniasklaida, Baltarusijos žiniasklaidos rinka, masinės informavimo priemonės (MIP), vienišumo aspektas, žiniasklaidos donorai.Straipsnyje autorius aptaria Baltarusijos žiniasklaidos sistemos prieštaringumą – ir ekonominį, ir teisinį. Atskleisdamas šią problemą, autorius padaro įžvalgų apie būsimą ir galimą šios sistemos kaitą.
Periodinės žiniasklaidos ir viešosios sferos santykis – dvejopas. Viena vertus, ji diktuoja elgsenas, vertybes, naudoja kitas diktato rūšis ir tai trukdo viešosios erdvės savitvarkai. Kita vertus, ji yra viena iš viešos raiškos vietų, tarpininkas tarp jos bendraujančių atstovų, vienu iš būtinų viešumo komponentų. Baltarusijoje padėtis tarp viešos sferos ir žiniasklaidos ypatinga ir lemiama padėties pačiose žiniasklaidos priemonėse. Taigi aptardami santykius tarp pirmojo ir antrojo fenomeno, išnagrinėsime masinės informacijos priemonių padėtį Baltarusijos Respublikoje. Autorius atkreipia dėmesį į tai, kokie valstybės reguliuojamoje žiniasklaidos rinkoje produktai yra matomi ir nematomi (formaliai „neuždrausti“), tačiau kai kuriems pasiekti reikalinga fizinių ir intelektualinių pastangų: t. y. žinoti, kur rasti ir pasirengti suprasti turinį.
Esminiai žodžiai: atstovaujamoji žiniasklaida, Baltarusijos žiniasklaidos rinka, masinės informavimo priemonės (MIP), vienišumo aspektas, žiniasklaidos donorai