Faculty of Public Health Journal Universitas Indonesia
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Effects of Diabetes on The Output of Farmer and Its Policy Implications
Get PDFThis study investigated the impact of diabetes on work performance of different farming communities from Punjab, Pakistan. This study was based on cross-sectional data. A representative sample of 374 farmers was collected from five selected districts. Three types of respondents were analyzed in the study e.g.,laborer, small and large growers. Poisson and logistic regression techniques were used for the sake of analysis. According to the investigated results for thelabor category, respondents with more age, less qualification, low earning per month (Rupees), and having positive record of family diabetes, would havemore leave per month. In the same way, findings for small farmers revealed that education, family size, family with diabetic records, marital status and availability at farm (hour/day) were significant. In case of third category, study outcome highlighted that age, education, marital status, having positive record offamily diabetes and number of hours spent at farm would be positively correlated with the reduction in working efficiency at farm due to diabetes. It can beconcluded that diabetes have negative influence on the work performance of selected farming groups
Qualitative Exploration of Experiences and Consequences of Health-related Stigma among Indonesians with HIV, Leprosy, Schizophrenia and Diabetes
Get PDFHealth-related stigma causes a negative impact on the lives of affected people and undermines the effectiveness of public health programs. This study aimedto explore experiences and consequences of stigma among people affected by four health conditions relevant in Indonesia– HIV (Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus), leprosy, schizophrenia and diabetes. In this qualitative study 40 people affected by the four health conditions in Jakarta and West Java, Indonesia–,were interviewed between March and June 2018. Data were analyzed thematically by following an integrative inductive-deductive approach. The experiencesand consequences of people with stigma were similar, but such experience were more severe among people affected by HIV, leprosy, and schizophrenia.Those with diabetes either experienced no or less severe stigma. The participants revealed that they experienced enacted stigma in healthcare, employment,and social interactions in the structural and interpersonal levels. They also experience the stigma in the form of internalized and anticipated stigma at an individual level. Incidences of human rights violations were evident. Social, behavioral, psychological, and medical consequences were also reported
Kemampuan dan Kemauan Pasien Umum Rawat Inap Dalam Membayar Pelayanan Kesehatan Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Kaliwates Kabupaten Jember
Get PDFAbstrakTarif rasional ditetapkan dengan menghitung unit cost yaitu memperhatikan characteristics of product yang merupakan informasi terkait kemampuan dan kemauan membayar. Selain menjadi kosntanta dalam menghitung unit cost, kemampuan dan kemauan dihitung guna kendali mutu dan biaya di rumah sakit. Data Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat RSU Kaliwates, angka kepuasan konsumen yang belum memenuhi standart adalah tarif pelayanan rawat inap. Hasil studi pendahuluan pada pasien umum rawat inap adalah 70% memiliki estimasi tarif kurang dari tarif yang ditetapkan rumah sakit, 20% mengatakan tarif kurang terjangkau dan 10% lainnya tidak dapat mengestimasikan tarif maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung kemampuan dan kemauan masyarakat dalam membayar pelayanan kesehatan rawat inap di RSU Kaliwates. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik yang dilakukan kepada 91 pasien umum rawat inap di RSU Kaliwates dengan teknik sampling total population. Nilai riil ATP yang didapatkan memiliki rata-rata sebesar Rp 438.101,-, dengan kategori kemampuan terbesar adalah kemampuan tinggi pada interval ≥ Rp 409.375,- serta estimasi kemauan membayar adalah WTP1 memiliki rata-rata Rp 256.923,- dan WTP2 memiliki rata-rata Rp 300.714,-. Saran yang diberikan adalah perhitungan biaya satuan dengan memperhatian kemampuan dan kemauan membayar masyarakat, pengembangan ruang rawat inap sesuai kebutuhan masyarakat, peningkatan tenaga medis, dan pengembangan inovasi penyampaian informasi. Abstract Rational rates were determined by calculating unit costs into account characteristics of product as information related ability and willingness to pay. Ability and willingness were calculated for quality control and cost at the hospital. Community satisfaction index in Kaliwates General hospital released number of customer satisfaction that hasn’t met the standard was rate of inpatient services. Results of preliminary study on general inpatients were 70% having an estimated rate of less than rate set by the hospital, 20% said rates were less affordable and 10% couldn’t estimate rates, then this study was calculate ability and willingness to pay for inpatient health services at the Kaliwates General Hospital. This study was an analytical study conducted on 91 general inpatients at Kaliwates General Hospital with total population sampling technique. The real value of ATP obtained has an average of IDR 438,101 with largest ability category was high ability at intervals ≥ IDR 409,375 and estimation of willingness to pay,WTP1 has an average of 256,923 and WTP2 has an average of 300,714,- The advice is calculation of unit cost with due regard ability and willingness to pay, development of inpatient rooms according to community needs,improvement of medical personnel,and development of information delivery innovations
Keberadaan Jentik Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus Berdasarkan Karakteristik Kontainer di Sekolah Dasar, Kelurahan Duren Sawit, Jakarta Timur, Tahun 2018
No full textLatar Belakang. Kelurahan Duren Sawit merupakan kelurahan tertinggi ditemukannya kasus PE (+) dan kematian DBD pada anak umur Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Duren Sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat keberadaan jentik Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus berdasarkan karakteristik kontainer meliputi jenis, bahan, volume, kondisi air dan warna pada SD, Kelurahan Duren Sawit. Berdasarkan karakteristik kontainer yang di identifikasi, kemudian dapat diketahui tingkat potensial perindukan keberadaan jentik Ae. aegypti dan Ae. albopictus. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dengan melihat seluruh kontainer di Sekolah Dasar Kelurahan Duren Sawit. Desain studi adalah cross-sectional dan data dianalisa secara univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan chi-square. Hasil dan Pembahasan. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan dan perbedaan yang bermakna antara warna kontainer dengan keberadaan jentik Ae. aegypti dan Ae. albopictus (nilai p 0,001; OR 5,38) dan pengurasan dengan keberadaan jentik Aedes (nilai p= 0,002; OR=4,28). Simpulan. Warna gelap dan pengurasan kontainer memiliki perbedaan dan hubungan yang signifikan, sehingga SD Kelurahan Duren Sawit perlu merubah kontainer bewarna gelap menjadi warna terang dan pengurasan perlu ditingkatkan terutama wadah jenis TPA.Kata Kunci: bahan, jenis, karakteristik kontainer, kondisi air, volume, warn
Challenges for Indonesia Zero Hunger Agenda in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDFThe rapid spread of COVID-19 has not only threatened the lives of infected persons but also affected a broader community socially and economically. The pandemic has also challenged Goal 2 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to eradicate all forms of hunger by 2030. The most disadvantaged society may have a greater risk of malnutrition and poor health as they cannot access safe, nutritious, affordable, and sustainable diets. At this moment, saving lives by focusing on the health-care system should not be the only priority, emphasis should be made in other essential aspects, including agri-food sector, in order not to cause the additional burden of hunger, malnutrition, and overall health
Studi Tinjauan Pustaka: Risiko Kejadian Kanker Paru pada Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru.
Get PDFIndonesia merupakan satu dari lima negara di dunia dengan insiden kasus TB yang tinggi, sementara itu kanker paru di Indonesia merupakan kasus keganasan utama yang paling sering terjadi. Untuk melihat gambaran risiko kejadian kanker paru diantara penderita TB paru, dilakukan studi tinjauan pustaka pada sepuluh jurnal yang dipublikasikan melalui Pubmed pada tahun 2009-2019. Kriteria inklusi dalam pemilihan jurnal yaitu TB paru sebagai faktor risiko dan kanker paru primer sebagai outcome, sedangkan kriteria ekslusi adalah jurnal yang merupakan tinjauan pustaka sistematis, skrining, diagnosis, dan evaluasi hasil pengobatan yang berkaitan dengan infeksi TB dan kanker paru. Analisis deskriptif menunjukan subjek sebagian besar merupakan laki-laki dan berusia antara 40-60 tahun. Pada kelompok TB paru didominasi perokok, peminum alkohol, memiliki penyakit paru lainnya dan komorbiditas. Penderita TB paru secara konsisten mempunyai risiko yang lebih besar untuk terjadinya kanker paru dibandingkan penderita non TB paru. Dari delapan penelitian kohor, menunjukkan hubungan secara statistik bermakna dengan nilai RR 1,37 – 6,1. Dari dua penelitian kasus kontrol, hanya satu yang menunjukkan hubungan secara statitstik bermakna dengan kisaran nilai OR 1,52 - 3,21 spesifik pada jenis kanker paru tertentu. Terdapat tiga studi menampilkan resiko yang lebih besar pada interval lima tahun pertama sejak terdiagnosanya TB paru hingga berkembang menjadi kanker paru. Studi tinjauan pustaka ini menyimpulkan bahwa penyakit infeksi TB paru berpotensi untuk dapat menimbulkan kanker paru, hal ini dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan dalam upaya intervensi preventif kanker paru
Evaluasi Dampak Program Keluarga Harapan Terhadap Pemanfaatan Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan untuk Layanan Persalinan di Indonesia (Analisis Data SUSENAS tahun 2018)
Get PDFAbstrakProgram Keluarga Harapan (PKH) memiliki tujuan untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat yang diukur melalui Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) dan Tingkat ketimpangan pengeluaran penduduk Indonesia (Gini Ratio) dengan salah satu indicator yang diakomodir adalah pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan. Pada tahun 2018 masih ada 16 % persalinan tidak menggunakan fasilitas kesehatan. Salah satu Komponen kesehatan yang diwajibkan sebagai Keluarga Penerima manfaat (KPM) PKH adalah ibu hamil wajib bersalin di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat pengaruh PKH terhadap pemanfaatan fasilitas kesehatan untuk bersalin di Indonesia. Metode penelitian ini adalah quasi-eksperimental degan desain cross sectional yang menggunakan data Susenas tahun 2018 dengan jumlah sampel 28.785 ibu berumur 15-49 tahun yang pernah melahirkan anak lahir hidup terakhir pada periode dua tahun sebelum survei dilaksanakan dan status ekonomi yang berada pada desil 1- 3. Analisis menggunakan metode Propensity Score Matching (PSM) dengan model Logit untuk melihat nilai OR. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa PKH meningkatkan pemanfaatan bersalin di fasilitas kesehatan. Penerima PKH memiliki peluang 1,23 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan non-penerima PKH, setelah dilakukan kontrol pada variabel lainnya. Implementasi PKH memiliki manfaat yang cukup baik, beserta faktor pendukung dominan lainnya yaitu wilayah tempat tinggal, pendidikan, alat koumnikasi, sarana transportasi dan JKN-PBI dalam rangka membantu masyarakat terutama penduduk miskin dan rentan untuk memanfaatkan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan untuk bersalin.Abstract Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) aims to improve the standard of living of the people as measured through the Human Development Index (IPM) and the level of inequality in expenditure of the Indonesian population (Gini Ratio) by accommodating the utilization of health services as one of the indicator. In 2018 there are still 16% of deliveries that were not performed by trained health workers at healthcare facilities. One health component that is required as a PKH Beneficiary Family (KPM) is that pregnant women are required to deliver in a health care facility. The purpose of this study is to look at the effect of PKH on the use of health facilities for childbirth in Indonesia.The Methods that used in this study is a quasi-experimental with cross sectional design using Susenas data in 2018 with a total sample of 28,785 mothers aged 15-49 years who had given birth to live births in the period of two years before the survey and economic status in deciles 1-3. The analysis uses the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method with the Logit model that looks at the OR value. The Results is PKH increased maternity utilization in health facilities. PKH recipients have a 1.23 times higher chance than non-PKH recipients, after controlling for other variables. PKH implementation has quite good benefits, along with other dominant supporting factors, namely the area of residence, education, communication tools, transportation facilities and JKN-PBI in order to help the community, especially the poor and vulnerable, to utilize health care facilities for delivery
Hubungan Seksual Usia Dini Dapat Meningkatkan Risiko Kanker Serviks
Get PDFKanker serviks menempati urutan kedua kanker terbanyak pada perempuan setelah kanker payudara, baik di dunia maupun Indonesia. Kanker serviks disebabkan oleh Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) yang biasa ditularkan melalui hubungan seksual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hubungan seksual usia muda terhadap kejadian kanker serviks. Metode penelitian ini adalah telaah pustaka. Dari 16 jurnal yang menilai pengaruh hubungan seksual usia dini terhadap kejadian kanker serviks, terpilih 12 jurnal (nasional dan internasional) yang sesuai dengan kriteria. Hasilnya, 10 dari 12 jurnal menyimpulkan bahwa risiko kanker serviks meningkat seiring dengan mudanya usia melakukan hubungan seksual pertama kali. Besarnya risiko yang ditimbulkan bervariasi dari 1,6 sampai 58 kali lebih besar risiko untuk mengalami kanker serviks jika melakukan hubungan seksual pertama kali pada usia kurang dari 16 tahun. Kesimpulannya adalah semakin dini perempuan melakukan hubungan seksual untuk yang pertama kalinya, maka semakin tinggi risiko kejadian kanker serviks. Perlu upaya untuk mencegah hubungan seksual terlalu dini dengan cara menghindari pernikahan usia dini dan hindari seks pra-nikah pada remaja. Direkomendasikan agar remaja fokus menjalani pendidikan di sekolah dan tidak melakukan hubungan seksual di bawah 20 tahun serta melakukan vaksinasi HPV. Apabila sudah pernah melakukan hubungan seksual, perlu melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks secara berkala
Association between Social Media Exposure to Food and Beverages with Nutrient Intake of Female Adolescents
Get PDFCommunication technology development has influenced adolescent food choices and intakes. This study aimed to investigate the association between social media exposure to food and beverage content and nutrient intake among female adolescents. The study was conducted in a cross-sectional design. The targeted population was 104 female students aged 14–18 years old at 'XY' High School in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Eighty-one subjects were chosen by clustered random sampling. Data were collected by interviews using structured questionnaires and a 3x24-hour recall method. Data analyses were conducted by chi-square, Fisher exact tests, and logistic regression. The median and standard deviations of social-media, the duration, frequency, and the number of accounts were 2.3±3.00 hours/access, 2.0±2.00 times/day, and 3.6±2.46 accounts/access, respectively. Mean and standard deviations of adequacy levels for energy 107.4±15.39% and protein 124.8±25.8%. Duration of social-media exposures (p-value = 0.040) and body image (p-value= 0.040) were associated with food selection. Food selection was associated with energy (p-value = 0.003) and protein (p-value = 0.002) adequacy levels. After controlling for body image, social-media exposure duration > 2.3 hours had an OR of 3.4 for selecting the accessed foods. It was concluded that social media exposure duration was associated with food selection, which was then associated with energy and protein intakes
Ultraviolet Exposure and Photokeratitis Complaints among Informal Welding Workers in Depok, West Java, Indonesia
Get PDFOne of the photokeratitis risk factors is acute reversible radiation of ultraviolet (UV) rays, which injure the cornea's epithelial tissue. Informal welding workers are susceptible populations to UV rays exposure. This study aimed to confirm the influence of UV radiation exposure on photokeratitis complaints in welding workers in Cimanggis, Depok, West Java. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June 2019 and used to select 100 welding workers purposively. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to determine photokeratitis complaints, age, education level, eye protection, safety knowledge, and work period; the UV radiation measured by A UV meter. Data were analyzed using a logistic regression test. We found the proportion of photokeratitis to be 84.0%, with 76.0% of UV radiation exceeding the Threshold Limit Values (TLV). The logistic regression test showed a significant effect of UV radiation on photokeratitis after controlling confounding variables (education level, eye protection, safety knowledge, and welding distance) (p-value = 0.006; AdjOR = 7.236; 95% CI: 1.74–30.07). It can be concluded that UV radiation, more than TLV, constitutes the primary risk factor for photokeratitis complaints. Risks for photokeratitis were influenced by low education level, poor eye protection, limited safety knowledge, and welding distance ≤ 45 cm