Repository of Croatian Defence Academy "Dr. Franjo Tuđman"
Not a member yet
981 research outputs found
Sort by
The Iranian Revolutionary Guard as a instrument for achieving Iran's foreign policy goals
No full textIranska Revolucionarna garda, službenog naziva Korpus islamske revolucionarne garde, predstavlja ključni dio iranskog vojno-sigurnosnog aparata. Službeno dio Oružanih snaga Islamske Republike Iran, njihova zadaća je zaštita integriteta države te očuvanje tekovina revolucije i državnog poretka. Kroz ovaj završni rad provest će se analiza Revolucionarne garde, od njenog nastajanja u Islamskoj revoluciji preko konsolidacije u postrevolucionarno doba do današnjeg djelovanja gdje je bitno naglasiti njena povezanost s državnim i nedržavnim akterima na Bliskom istoku preko ogranka Snage Quds. Uz navedeno, analizirat će se načini i sredstva provođenja tajnih operacija IRGC-a koje Iran koristi kao polugu moći u hibridnom ratovanju protiv Zapada, s ciljem nadvladavanja na uvijek geopolitički dinamičnom prostoru Bliskog istoka.The Iranian Revolutionary Guard, officially called the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, is a key part of Iran's military-security apparatus. Officially part of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, their task is to protect the integrity of the state and preserve the achievements of the revolution and state order. Through this final paper, an analysis of the Revolutionary Guard will be carried out from its creation in the Islamic Revolution through consolidation in the post-revolutionary era to today's activities, where it is important to emphasize its connection with state and non-state actors in the Middle East through the branch of the Quds Force. In addition to the above, it will be analyzed the ways and means of conducting covert operations of the IRGC, which Iran uses as a lever of power in hybrid warfare against the West, with the aim of dominating the always geopolitically dynamic area of the Middle East
Corrosion analysis on the construction of a fire-fighting aircraft
No full textDiplomski rad bavi se analizom korozije na konstrukciji protupožarnog zrakoplova, a sastoji se od teorijskog i eksperimentalnog dijela rada. U teorijskom dijelu rada objašnjeni su osnovni pojmovi korozije, uključujući mehanizme nastanka korozije, vrstu korozije i faktore koji utječu na njen razvoj. Opisane su metode zaštite od korozije. Posebna pažnja posvećena je utjecaju korozije na konstrukciju protupožarnog zrakoplova Canadair CL-415 te prevenciji i zaštiti od korozije. U radu su prikazani i komentirani primjeri korozijskih oštećenja na navedenom zrakoplovu.
Eksperimentalni dio rada je obuhvatio izbor i pripremu ispitnih uzoraka, njihovo ispitivanje u slanoj komori, ispitivanje u klimatskoj komori sa spremnikom zagrijane vode i elektrokemijsko ispitivanje. Priprema ispitnih uzoraka provedena je u Zrakoplovno-tehničkom centru, dok su ispitivanja izvršena u Laboratoriju za zaštitu materijala Fakulteta strojarstva i brodogradnje Sveučilišta u Zagrebu.The thesis deals with the analysis of corrosion on the structure of a firefighting aircraft and consists of a theoretical and experimental part. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the basic concepts of corrosion are explained, including the mechanisms of corrosion formation, types of corrosion, and factors influencing its development. Methods of corrosion protection are described. Special attention is given to the impact of corrosion on the structure of the Canadair CL-415 firefighting aircraft and to the prevention of and protection against corrosion. The thesis also presents and comments on examples of corrosion damage on the mentioned aircraft.
The experimental part of the thesis involved selection and preparation of test samples, testing in a salt chamber, testing in a climate chamber with a heated water tank, and electrochemical testing. The preparation of the test samples was carried out at the Aeronautical Technical Center, while the tests were performed at the Materials Protection Laboratory at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb
Political Islam in Iran
No full textU ovom radu definiran je politički islam u Iranu, kao državna ideologija te države još od 1979. godine. Politički islam ili islamizam je nastao kao suvremena politička ideologija u Egiptu 1928. godine. Od svog nastanka sve do suvremenog doba igra važnu ulogu u društvima Bliskog istoka i u drugim islamskim društvima. Islamistički pokret Ruholaha Homeinija u Iranu je prvi islamistički pokret koji je osigurao apsolutnu političku vlast za sebe u nekoj državi. Politički islam Irana se razlikuje od drugih islamističkih pokreta zbog svog šijitskog predznaka koji i ograničava njegov utjecaj u regiji, ali i postavlja novu dinamiku regionalnih odnosa na Bliskom istoku. Specifična geneza i institucionalizacija političkog islama u Iranu daje odgovore na brojna pitanja o političkom i društvenom stanju u suvremenom Iranu i Bliskom istoku.This paper defines political Islam in Iran, as the state ideology of that country since 1979. Political Islam or Islamism emerged as a contemporary political ideology in Egypt in 1928. From its origin until modern times, it has played an important role in the societies of the Middle East and Islamic societies. Ruhollah Khomeini's Islamist movement in Iran is the first Islamist movement to secure absolute political power for itself in a country. The political Islam of Iran differs from other Islamist movements due to its Shiite prefix, which limits its influence in the region, but also sets a new dynamic for regional relations in the Middle East. The specific genesis and institutionalization of political Islam in Iran provides answers to numerous questions about the political and social situation in contemporary Iran and the Middle East
Use of Drones in Reconnaissance
No full textOvaj diplomski rad istražuje primjenu dronova u izviđanju s naglaskom na integraciju s komunikacijskim satelitskim sustavom. Uvod u rad predstavlja rastuću ulogu dronova u industriji izviđanja te važnost globalne povezanosti koju pruža Inmarsat sustav. Cilj istraživanja je analizirati mogućnosti upotrebe dronova povezanih s komunikacijskim satelitima za izviđanje u stvarnom vremenu, uz istraživanje UAV SATCOM tehnologije i izradu proračuna veze između drona i Inmarsat satelita korištenjem programa RFProp.
Kroz opis Inmarsat-ovog satelitskog sustava, istražuju se njegove tehničke karakteristike i operativne mogućnosti. Nadalje, istražuju se primjene u integraciji dronova i Inmarsat satelita u realnom vremenu, naglašavajući njihovu važnost za operativne svrhe a posebno za zadaće izvan vidljivog dosega (BVLOS). Također, detaljno se objašnjava UAV SATCOM tehnologija kao ključna komponenta integracije dronova i satelita. Kroz proračun veze između drona i satelita koristeći program RF-Prop, istražuju se tehnička svojstva uspostave komunikacijske veze u različitim uvjetima. Konačno, rad prikazuje svrhu unapređenja izviđačkih operacija i situacijske svijesti kroz integraciju dronova s komunikacijskim satelitima.This thesis explores the application of drones in reconnaissance with a focus on integration with communication satellite systems. The introduction highlights the growing role of drones in the reconnaissance industry and the importance of global connectivity provided by the Inmarsat system. The research aims to analyze the possibilities of using drones connected to communication satellites for real-time reconnaissance, alongside investigating UAV SATCOM technology and conducting link budget calculation between drones and Inmarsat satellites using the RFProp program.
The thesis provides a detailed description of the Inmarsat system, its technical characteristics, and operational capabilities. Furthermore, it explores applications in integrating drones and Inmarsat satellites in real-time, emphasizing their importance for operational purposes, particularly for beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operations. Additionally, UAV SATCOM technology is thoroughly explained as a key component of the integration between drones and satellites. Through link budget calculations using the RF-Prop program, the technical aspects of establishing communication links in different conditions are investigated. Finally, the thesis demonstrates the purpose of enhancing reconnaissance operations and situational awareness through the integration of drones with communication satellites
Coding in Satellite Communications
No full textOvaj rad istražuje ključne aspekte satelitskih komunikacija, počevši od povijesnog pregleda satelita do detaljne analize načina rada, orbita, frekvencijskih područja te višestrukog pristupa u komunikaciji.
Uvodni dio pruža pregled osnovnih parametara kvalitete satelitskog signala, uključujući broj krivo prenesenih bitova, pogrešku modulacije, odnos signala i šuma, zalihnost koda te unaprijeđeno ispravljanje pogrešaka.
Nadalje, razmatra se proces kodiranja i dekodiranja unutar satelitskog komunikacijskog sustava, uz primjere kodiranja i dekodiranja istih, pomoću Golay koda, Reed-Solomon koda te konvolucijskih kodova. Kroz razmatranje zaštitnih kodova poput cikličkih, BCH i konvolucijskih kodova, naglašava se važnost zaštite podataka u satelitskim komunikacijama.
Na kraju je prikazana praktična primjena u MATLAB-u, kodiranja DVB-S2 tehnologiji s LDPC i BCH kodovima.This paper explores key aspects of satellite communications, ranging from a historical overview of satellites to a detailed analysis of their operation, orbits, frequency ranges, and multiple access in communication.
The introductory section provides an overview of basic parameters for satellite signal quality, including bit error rate, modulation error ratio, signal-to-noise ratio, code redundancy, and forward error correction.
Furthermore, the paper examines the process of encoding and decoding within satellite communication systems, with examples of encoding and decoding using Golay codes, Reed-Solomon codes, and convolutional codes. Through the consideration of protective codes such as cyclic, BCH, and convolutional codes, the importance of data protection in satellite communications is emphasized.
Lastly, practical application in MATLAB is demonstrated, focusing on encoding in DVB-S2 technology with LDPC and BCH codes
The operational and strategic significance of the Sunja bridge defense in the Homeland War
No full textSunjski mostobran sa svojim središtem u mjestu Sunja, smješten je na desnoj obali rijeke Save. Sunja ima vrlo značajnu povijesnu i geografsku ulogu do koje je došla kao željezničko i prometno čvorište. Rad se temelji na istraživanju društveno-političke situacije prije početka i tijekom Domovinskog rata, kao uvoda u samu temu. Zbog svog geografskog položaja Sunja ima značajnu ulogu u obrani Siska i desne obale rijeke Save tj. lijevog boka obrane Siska. Analiziranjem šire slike sunjskog područja okruženog Banovinsko-kordunskim i Zapadnoslavonskim bojištem dat će se uvid u operativno-strateški značaj Sunjskog mostobrana. Glavni fokus rada će biti na operativno-strateškom značaju Sunjskog mostobrana u Domovinskom ratu. U radu se dublje analizira koncept šire slike operativno-strategijskog značaja Banovinskog bojišta, vojno-politički ciljevi protivnika (JNA i pobunjeni Srbi) te ciljevi hrvatskih vlasti, a samim time i policijskih i vojnih snaga. Naglasak rada se stavlja na obranu Sunje, opisivanjem početne faze pobune i agresije na Sunju te dolazak snaga UN-a . Na kraju, u radu se ističe važnost mostobrana kao ishodišta u VRO Oluja. Diplomski rad pruža sveobuhvatan pregled prijeratnog stanja u Sunji te važnost Sunjskog mostobrana tijekom Domovinskog rata.The Sunja bridgehead, centered in the town of Sunja, is located on the right bank of the Sava River. Sunja has a very significant historical and geographical role, which it achieved as a railway and transport hub. This work is based on the study of the socio-political situation before and during the Homeland War, as an introduction to the main topic. Due to its geographical position, Sunja has a significant role in the defense of Sisak and the right bank of the Sava River, i.e., the left flank of the defense of Sisak. By analyzing the broader picture of the Sunja area, surrounded by the Banovina-Kordun and West Slavonia battlefields, an insight will be provided into the operational-strategic importance of the Sunja bridgehead. The main focus of the work will be on the operational-strategic significance of the Sunja bridgehead in the Homeland War. The work deeply analyzes the concept of the broader operational-strategic importance of the Banovina battlefield, the military-political goals of the opponents (the Yugoslav People's Army and the rebel Serbs), and the goals of the Croatian authorities, as well as the police and military forces. The emphasis of the work is placed on the defense of Sunja, describing the initial phase of the rebellion and aggression on Sunja and the arrival of UN forces. Finally, the work highlights the importance of the bridgehead as a starting point in Operation Storm. The thesis provides a comprehensive overview of the pre-war situation in Sunja and the importance of the Sunja bridgehead during the Homeland War
The future of modern special operation forces: challenges of the selection and recruitment
No full textKroz ovaj rad će se pokušati kroz kratki povijesni prikaz nastanka specijalnih snaga (pod pojmom „specijalne snage“ podrazumijevaju se postrojbe koje povijesno i doktrinarno nose taj naziv, dok će se pojam „snage za specijalne operacije“ koristiti kao krovni pojam za sve snage koje provode specijalne operacije i čiji je to doktrinarni naziv) prikazati specijalne snage kakve ih danas poznajemo. Nakon kratkog povijesnog prikaza rad će se usmjeriti na trenutne izazove unutar globalnog sigurnosnog i operativnog okružja koji imaju određeni utjecaj na selekciju i obuku specijalnih snaga. Rad će također komparativno prikazati procese selekcije i obuke specijalnih snaga na idućim primjerima: Sjedinjenih Američkih Država („Zelene beretke“), Ruske Federacije (rus. Spetsnaz) i Ukrajine (ukr. Syly Spetsialnykh Operatsiy, SSO). Oni će služiti kao primjer modela „zapadne i istočne“ škole specijalnih snaga, a na temelju navedenih primjera će se proanalizirati primjer specijalnih snaga Oružanih snaga Republike Hrvatske (OSRH) i na taj način dati preporuke kako ih poboljšati na temelju odabranih država koje imaju primjere dobre prakse suočavanja s trenutnim izazovima.Through this paper, an attempt will be made to show the special forces (the term „special forces“ refers to the units that historically and doctrinally carry that name, while the term „special operations forces“ will be used as an umbrella term for all the forces that carry out special operations) as we know them today through a brief historical account of the origin of the special forces. After a brief historical presentation, the paper will focus on contemporary challenges within the global security and operational environment that have a certain impact on the selection and training of special forces. The paper will also comparatively show the processes of selection and training of special forces in the following examples: the United States of America ("Green Berets"), the Russian Federation (Russian Spetsnaz), and Ukraine (Ukrainian: Syly Spetsialnykh Operatsiy, SSO). They will serve as an example of the model of the "western and eastern" school of special forces, and on the basis of the given examples, the example of the special forces of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (OSRH) will be analyzed, and in this way, recommendations will be made on how to improve them based on selected countries that have examples of good practices for dealing with current challenges
Estimation and improvement of armour protection of armoured fighting vehicle
No full textTenk M-84 tenk je koji je u aktivnoj upotrebi u Oružanim snagama Republike Hrvatske. S obzirom na činjenicu da je tenk konstruiran 1970-ih godina, potrebno je procijeniti razinu oklopne zaštite tenka u odnosu na modernije prijetnje koje danas bilježe čestu upotrebu.
Ovaj se rad bavi procjenom oklopne zaštite gornje kose ploče tenka M-84 u odnosu na potkalibarne projektile tipa APFSDS sovjetske proizvodnje koji su i danas u upotrebi. Za izračun probojnosti projektila koristi se analitički izraz poznat kao Lanz-Odermattova jednadžba. Izraz je isprogramiran u programskom jeziku Python. Uneseni su jednadžbom definirani parametri koji se odnose na projektil i metu. Dobiveni rezultati uspoređeni su s efektivnom debljinom oklopne konfiguracije gornje kose ploče. Na kraju je predloženo moguće poboljšanje razine oklopne zaštite tenka dodavanjem sloja keramike. Naime, keramika je materijal visoke tvrdoće koji erodira i fragmentira projektil te tako smanjuje njegovu probojnost, a time povećava oklopnu zaštitu vozila.The M-84 tank is currently in active use by the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia. Considering the fact that the tank was designed in the 1970s, it is necessary to assess the level of its armor protection against the more modern threats frequently encountered today.
This thesis deals with the assessment of the armor protection of the upper glacis of the M-84 tank against the Soviet-made APFSDS (Armor-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot) subcaliber projectiles, which are still in use today. The penetration capability of the projectiles is calculated using an analytical expression known as the Lanz-Odermatt equation. This equation is programmed in the Python programming language. Parameters defined by the equation, related to the projectile and the target, are defined as input. The obtained results are compared with the effective thickness of the armor configuration of the upper glacis. Finally, a potential improvement of the level of the tank's armor protection is proposed by adding a layer of ceramic. Ceramic is a material of high hardness that erodes and fragments the projectile, thereby reducing its penetration capability and increasing the vehicle's armor protection
(Counter)intelligence and counter-terrorism: process of radicalization to terrorism
No full textU radu se kao uvod definiraju kompleksni pojmovi obavještajnog i protuobavještajnog. Nadalje se obrađuje pojam terorizma i ukratko njegova povijest. U istom poglavlju se obrađuje i protuterorizam te se navodi jedan od načina djelovanja s ciljem da se približi pojam čitatelju. U četvrtom poglavlju se opsežno obrađuje pojam radikalizacije. Peto poglavlje objašnjava ulogu protuobavještajnog sustava u procesu deradikalizacije. Zadnje šesto poglavlje daje neke od dokumentiranih primjera uspješne borbe s radikalizacijom.The paper begins by defining the complex concepts of intelligence and counterintelligence. It then addresses the concept of terrorism and provides a brief overview of its history. In the same chapter, counterterrorism is discussed, and one method of operation is presented to help familiarize the reader with the concept. The fourth chapter extensively explores the concept of radicalization. The fifth chapter explains the role of the counterintelligence system in the process of deradicalization. The final, sixth chapter presents some documented examples of successful efforts in combating radicalization
An Overview of the Structure of the Croatian Home Guard in the Second World War
No full textNeposredno nakon proglašenja Nezavisne Države Hrvatske osnovano je Hrvatsko domobranstvo kao regularna vojska nove države. Na čelu s vojskovođom Slavkom Kvaternikom trebala je slijediti tradiciju Kraljevskog hrvatskog domobranstva iz vremena Austro-ugarske Monarhije kada je predstavljala stup hrvatske državnosti. Zamisao Domobranstva kao obrambene vojske poticana je od strane Kvaternika i starih časnika bivše austro-ugarske vojske koji su zauzeli ključne pozicije. Drugačije zamisli imao je Ante Pavelić koji je Domobranstvo trebao za zaštitu svog režima. I izvanjske sile su imale utjecaj na razvoj Domobranstva, ponajprije Talijani i Nijemci koji su NDH podijelili u interesne zone pa je razumno da su imali različite planove za domicilnu vojnu silu.
Kao regularna vojska Domobranstvo se pokušalo izgraditi u modernu i učinkovitu silu što se na kraju nije dogodilo. Kroz više reorganizacija i preustroja nisu se uspjeli riješiti problemi koji su kočili razvoj oružane sile. Loš moral, slaba opremljenost i općenita nesposobnost kadrova koja je proizišla iz svega toga samo su proizvod situacije u kojoj se ta vojska pronašla. Pri kraju rata Domobranstvo gubi svoju neovisnost djelovanja kada se sa Ustaškom vojnicom spaja u Hrvatske oružane snage.Immediately after the declaration of the Independent State of Croatia, the Croatian Home Guard was established as a regular army of the new state. Led by military commander Slavko Kvaternik, it was supposed to follow the tradition of the Royal Croatian Home Guard from the time of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy when it represented the pillar of Croatian statehood. The idea of the Home Guard as a defense army was encouraged by Kvaternik and old officers of the former Austro-Hungarian army who occupied key positions. Ante Pavelić, who needed the Home Guard to protect his regime, had different ideas. External forces also had an influence on the development of the Home Guard, primarily the Italians and Germans who divided the NDH into interest zones, so it is rational that they had different plans for the domicile military force.
As a regular army, the Home Guard tried to build itself into a modern and efficient force, which ultimately did not happen. Through several reorganizations and restructurings, they failed to solve the problems that hindered the development of the armed forces. Bad morale, poor equipment and the general incompetence of the personnel that resulted from all this are only a product of the situation in which that army found itself. At the end of the war, the Home Guard loses its independence of action when it merges with the Ustasha militia into the Croatian Armed Forces