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    Advantages of using computers in the preparation of firing elements

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    Topništvo, kao jedna od najstarijih i najvažnijih vojnih grana prošlo je kroz dugotrajan proces evolucije od svojih početaka do današnjice. Od prvih barutnih topova u Kini u 9. stoljeću pa sve do suvremenih visokotehnoloških topničkih sustava, topništvo je kontinuirano napredovalo kako bi se prilagodilo promjenama u vojnim strategijama, tehnologijama i taktikama. U uvjetima ratnih djelovanja dolazi do utjecaja straha, stresa i drugih nepoželjnih emocija, što dovodi u pitanje točnost topničkih izračuna u pripremi elemenata gađanja. Upravo ta tvrdnja potaknula je temu ovog rada koji se temelji na korištenju računala u takvim uvjetima. U modernom dobu topništvo je doživjelo znatne tehnološke inovacije, uključujući upotrebu preciznih raketnih sustava, višecjevnih lansera i naprednih računalnih sustava za pripremu elemenata gađanja. Korištenjem računala u pripremi elemenata gađanja omogućuje se vojnim snagama da održe taktičku prednost i učinkovito se prilagode dinamičnim izazovima suvremenih sukoba. Kako bi se odgovorilo na dana pitanja, potrebno je shvatiti kako topničko računalstvo omogućuje precizno izračunavanje parametara poput elevacije, udaljenosti te vremenskih uvjeta. Ovaj rad prikazuje utjecaj digitalizacije na moderno topništvo te usporedbu između klasičnog računanja elemenata gađanja preko tablica gađanja u odnosu na korištenje računala u pripremi elemenata gađanja.Artillery, as one of the oldest and most important military branches, has undergone a prolonged process of evolution from its beginnings to the present day. From the first gunpowder cannons in China in the 9th century to modern high-tech artillery systems, artillery has continuously advanced to adapt to changes in military strategies, technologies, and tactics. In the conditions of warfare, the influence of fear, stress, and other undesirable emotions can question the accuracy of artillery calculations in the preparation of firing elements. This assertion has sparked the topic of this paper, which is based on the use of computers in such conditions. In the modern age, artillery has experienced significant technological innovations, including the use of precision rocket systems, multiple rocket launchers, and advanced computer systems for the preparation of firing elements. The use of computers in the preparation of firing elements enables military forces to maintain a tactical advantage and effectively adapt to the dynamic challenges of contemporary conflicts. To address these issues, it is necessary to understand how artillery computing enables the precise calculation of parameters such as elevation, distance, and weather conditions. This paper presents the impact of digitalization on modern artillery and compares traditional calculation of firing elements using firing tables with the use of computers in the preparation of firing elements

    Military police in force protection

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    Objasniti ustroj i osnovne uloge vojne policije u oružanim snagama Republike Hrvatske, zatim prikazati ulogu vojne policije u zaštiti snaga kroz NATO doktrinu. Objasniti elemente kroz koje vojna policija omogućava vojnim snagama aktivno i učinkovito izvršavanje zadataka uz spriječene rizike od vanjskih i unutarnjih ugroza i prijetnji. Primjena i učinkovitost objašnjenih elemenata u praksi prikazat će se kroz primjer studije slučaja vojne vježbe „VELEBIT 18“ ZDRUŽENA SNAGA.Explain the structure and basic roles of the military police in the armed forces of the Republic of Croatia, then show the role of the military police in the force protection through NATO doctrine. Explain the elements through which the military police enable the military forces to actively and efficiently carry out their tasks while preventing risks from external and internal threats. Application and effectiveness of the explained elements in practice will be shown through the example of a case study of the military exercise "VELEBIT 18" ZDRUŽENA SNAGA

    First Gulf War 1991

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    Ovaj rad bavi se problematikom Prvog zaljevskog rata, njegovim uzrocima, trajanjem i posljedicama. Pitanje odnosa između Iraka i Sjedinjenih Američkih Država kroz povijest kontroverzno je zbog brojnih razloga. Od prvotnih korektnih odnosa ubrzo je došlo do neprijateljskih odnosa i miješanja američke vanjske politike u unutarnja pitanja Iraka te pokretanja sukoba. Zbog neposrednih posljedica na Bliskom istoku i dubokog utjecaja na geopolitički poredak, Prvi zaljevski rat predstavlja jedan od ključnih događaja u suvremenoj povijesti. Primjer je i snažnog američkog utjecaja na području Bliskog istoka po pitanju pokušaja svrgavanja diktatorskog režima i uspostavljanja demokratskog režima, s ciljem promoviranja zapadnjačkih vrijednosti i osiguranja mira.This thesis deals with issues of The First Gulf War, its causes, duration and consequences. Relations between Iraq and the United States throughout history is controversial for many reasons. From initial correct relations it soon turned into hostile relations which resulted in interference of United States foreign policy into internal policies of Iraq and initiation of conflict. Due to its direct consequences in Middle East and profound impact on geopolitical order, the First Gulf War represents one of the key events of modern history. It is also an example of strong American influence on Middle East, in the terms of attempts to overthrow dictatorship and to establish a democratic regime, in order to promote western values and to ensure global peace

    Counter-Unmanned Aircraft Systems

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    U doba tehnološkog napretka, sustavi za zaštitu od besposadnih letjelica postali su ključni element nacionalne i privatne sigurnosti, suočavajući se s izazovima koje donose inovacije u području bespilotnih zračnih sustava (UAS). U radu su definirani ključni pojmovi vezani uz besposadne letjelice, uključujući NATO klasifikaciju koja bespilotne letjelice razvrstava prema veličini, dometu, visini leta i težini, omogućujući precizno razumijevanje različitih tipova letjelica i njihovih potencijalnih prijetnji. Osim toga, rad detaljno opisuje C-UAS (Counter-Unmanned Aerial Systems) sustave, koji su dizajnirani za detekciju, identifikaciju, praćenje i neutralizaciju UAS-ova. Analiza obuhvaća različite tehnologije i pristupe uključene u C-UAS sustave, uključujući radare, RF senzore, optičke senzore i laserske sustave, istražujući njihove prednosti, nedostatke i primjenu u realnom svijetu. Taksonomija sustava za detekciju i neutralizaciju detaljno je istražena, pružajući uvid u metodologiju razvoja i implementaciju tih sustava u zaštitu kritične infrastrukture i visokorizičnih područja. Usporedba različitih pristupa i tehnologija osvjetljava napredak u području C-UAS tehnologija, naglašavajući inovacije i izazove s kojima se suočavaju istraživači i praktičari u borbi protiv rastuće prijetnje besposadnih letjelica. Rad zaključuje važnost kontinuiranog razvoja i prilagodbe C-UAS sustava u svjetlu dinamičnog napretka tehnologije besposadnih letjelica.In the era of technological advancement, systems for protection against unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become a key element of national and private security, facing challenges brought by innovations in the field of unmanned aerial systems (UAS). The work defines key terms related to unmanned aerial vehicles, including the NATO classification that sorts unmanned aircraft by size, range, flight altitude, and weight, enabling a precise understanding of the various types of vehicles and their potential threats. Furthermore, the work thoroughly describes C-UAS (Counter-Unmanned Aerial Systems) systems, which are designed for the detection, identification, tracking, and neutralization of UAS. The analysis covers various technologies and approaches included in C-UAS systems, including radars, RF sensors, optical sensors, and laser systems, exploring their advantages, disadvantages, and real-world applications. The taxonomy of detection and neutralization systems is thoroughly investigated, providing insight into the methodology of development and implementation of these systems in protecting critical infrastructure and high-risk areas. Comparing different approaches and technologies highlights progress in the field of C-UAS technology, emphasizing the innovations and challenges faced by researchers and practitioners in combating the growing threat of unmanned aircraft. The work concludes the importance of continuous development and adaptation of C-UAS systems in light of the dynamic advancement of unmanned aircraft technology

    Terrorism at the individual level: Lone wolves

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    Vukovi samotnjaci nisu nov fenomen u terorizmu, ali unazad nekoliko godina bilježe značajan rast u izvođenju terorističkih napada. Motivacija vukova samotnjaka da počine teroristički napad varira od pojedinca do pojedinca i često je kombinacija nekoliko čimbenika, kao i ideološka opredijeljenost, iako islamizam i desničarska ideologija malo prednjače. Proces nasilne radikalizacije omogućava promjenu od nezadovoljnog pojedinca do terorista vuka samotnjaka koji je spreman djelovati koristeći razna sredstva i napasti simbolične ciljeve. Rapidan razvoj interneta uvelike je olakšao pojedincima pristup ekstremističkim materijalima, komunikaciju s istomišljenicima i planiranje samih napada. Kako bi što efektivnije spriječili iznenadne napade radikaliziranih pojedinaca, sigurnosne i obavještajne službe suočene su s pitanjem prevencije istih.Lone wolves are not a new phenomenon in terrorism but in recent years there has been a significant increase in the number of lone wolf terrorist attack. The motivation of lone wolves to launch a terrorist attack varies from individual to individual and often is a combination of several as well as ideological commitment although Islamism and right-wing ideology are slightly ahead. The process of violent radicalization enables the change from a disaffected individual to a lone wolf terrorist who is ready to act using various means and attack symbolic targets. The rapid development of the Internet has made it much easier for individuals to access extremist materials, communicate with like-minded people, and plan attacks themselves. In order to prevent sudden attacks by radicalized individuals as effectively as possible, the security and intelligence services are faced with the question of how to stop them

    Application of the latest technologies in the work of EOD teams: Increasing efficiency and safety

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    Ovaj diplomski rad istražuje primjenu postojećih i najnovijih tehnologija koje se koriste u radu EOD timova prilikom provedbe EOD operacija sa naglaskom na analizi prednosti i nedostataka navedenih tehnologija. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je kvalitetnom analizom postojeće tehnologije otkriti nedostatke te pronaći rješenje u novim tehnološkim inovacijama kako bi nedostatci bili ublaženi ili u potpunosti uklonjeni. Analiza postojećih i najnovijih tehnologija se bazira na tri ključna faktora: brzini, sigurnosti i učinkovitosti u provedbi EOD zadaća. Rad pruža pregled i analizu postojećih tehnologija poput zaštitne opreme, EOD robota, uređaja za detekciju, kumulativnih perforatora i dr. Posebno su opisane najnovije tehnološke inovacije poput bespilotnih letjelica, naprednih softvera, umjetne inteligencije i dubokog učenja koje sa svojim brojnim prednostima mogu značajno doprinijeti povećanju sigurnosti, brzine i učinkovitosti u provođenju EOD operacija.The graduate thesis investigates the application of existing and the latest technologies used in the work of EOD teams during the implementation of an EOD operation with an emphasis on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the mentioned technologies. The aim of this thesis is to reveal the shortcomings of the existing technology through a quality analysis and to find a solution in new technological innovations so that the shortcomings are mitigated or completely removed. The analysis of existing and latest technologies is based on three key factors: speed, safety and efficiency in the implementation of EOD tasks. The paper provides an overview and analysis of existing technologies such as protective equipment, EOD robots, detection devices, cumulative perforators, etc. The latest technological innovations such as unmanned aerial vehicles, advanced software, artificial intelligence and deep learning, which with their many advantages can significantly contribute to increasing safety, speed and efficiency in conducting an EOD operation

    Integration of unmanned aerial systems in the conventional and special units of the Croatian Armed Forces at the tactical level

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    Diplomski rad bavi se integracijom besposadnih zrakoplovnih sustava (BZS) u konvencionalne i specijalne snage Oružanih snaga Republike Hrvatske (OSRH) na taktičkoj razini. Istraživanje je provedeno kako bi se odgovorilo na brzi napredak u vojnoj tehnologiji, posebno u području besposadnih zrakoplovnih sustava (BZS). Motivacija za istraživanjem proizlazi iz potrebe da se OSRH prilagodi suvremenim i budućim metodama ratovanja integracijom ovih tehnologija kako bi se poboljšale operativne sposobnosti. Studija naglašava važnost ostanka u korak s promjenama metoda ratovanja, gdje tradicionalne metode brzo postaju zastarjele zbog tehnološkog napretka. Istraživanje je uključivalo temeljitu analizu strateških dokumenata i studija slučaja nedavnih sukoba, kao što su Drugi rat u Gorskom Karabahu (rujan - studeni 2020.) i tekući rat u Ukrajini (veljača 2022. - danas). Ove studije slučaja pružile su uvid u učinkovitost i primjenu BZS-a u modernom ratovanju. Koristila se NATO metoda za razvoj koncepta i eksperimentiranje (CD&E) kako bi se razvio koncept za taktičku integraciju komercijalno dostupnih BZS tehnologija i pokretanje sposobnosti samogradnje. Istraživanje je također uključivalo DOTMLPFI analizu (doktrina, organizacija, obuka, materijalna sredstva, vođenje i obuka, osoblje, infrastruktura i interoperabilnost) kako bi se istražili različiti aspekti i resursi potrebni za učinkovitu implementaciju. Studija je zaključila da će integracija komercijalno dostupnih BZS i BZS samogradnje značajno poboljšati borbenu moć OSRH. Utvrđeno je da su BZS multiplikatori sile, nudeći jedinstvene sposobnosti koje mogu popuniti postojeće praznine u vojnim sposobnostima. Primijećeno je da su manji, dostupniji sustavi često učinkovitiji i praktičniji od većih vojnih BZS-a. Istraživanje je sugeriralo da bi usvajanjem i institucionalizacijom ovih tehnologija na svim razinama, OSRH mogla postići značajnu stratešku i taktičku prednost, osiguravajući bolju pripremljenost za buduće sukobe.The thesis addresses the integration of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) into the conventional and special forces of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (OSRH) at the tactical level. The research was undertaken to address the rapid advancements in military technology, particularly in the domain of unmanned aerial systems (UAS). The motivation stems from the need for the OSRH to adapt to contemporary and future warfare scenarios by incorporating these technologies to enhance operational capabilities. The study highlights the importance of staying ahead in the evolving/revolutionising landscape of warfare, where traditional methods are quickly becoming obsolete due to technological progress. The research involved a thorough analysis of strategic documents and case studies of recent conflicts, such as the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War (September – November 2020) and the ongoing war in Ukraine (February 2022 – Today). These case studies provided insights into the effectiveness and application of UAS in modern warfare. The Concept Development and Experimentation (CD&E) framework was employed to develope a concept for the tactical integration of commercially available UAS technologies and the potential for self-built systems. The analysis also included a DOTMLPFI (Doctrine, Organization, Training, Materiel, Leadership and Education, Personnel, Facilities, and Policy) assessment to explore various perspectives and resources required for effective implementation. The study concluded that integrating commercially available UAS and leveraging self-build capabilities will significantly enhance the combat power of the OSRH. The findings emphasized that these systems are force multipliers, offering unique capabilities that can fill existing gaps in military capabilities. It was noted that smaller, more accessible systems are often more effective and practical than larger military-grade UAS. The research suggested that by adopting and institutionalizing these technologies at every level, the OSRH could achieve a substantial strategic and tactical advantage, ensuring better preparedness for future conflicts

    Usage of snipers as support to infantry platoons in urban area

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    U radu su prikazane specifične taktike, tehnike i procedure snajperista, kao i njihova važnost za zapovjednike i buduće istraživače. Upotreba snajpera kao podrška pješačkim vodovima u urbanom području prikazuje taktičke mogućnosti, zahtjeve i učinke snajperskih timova i pojedinaca, korištenjem povijesnih i suvremenih primjera za ilustraciju njihove učinkovitosti i organizacije.The focus of the topic "The use of snipers as support for infantry platoons in urban areas" is to showcase the tactical capabilities, requirements, and effects of sniper teams and individuals, using historical and contemporary examples to illustrate their effectiveness and organization. Specific tactics, techniques, and procedures of snipers are presented, as well as their importance for commanders and future researchers

    OSINT in Support of Strategic Intelligence Operations

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    Ovaj rad bavi se temom obavještajnog djelovanja temeljenog na otvorenim izvorima (OSINT) s težištem na značaju OSINT-a za strategijsko obavještajno djelovanje. Uvod rada objašnjava temeljnu ulogu države u sigurnosti, navodi na koji način obavještajno djelovanje podupire nacionalnu sigurnost i iznosi neke osnovne informacije o OSINT-u. U prvom djelu rada objašnjen je pojam ,,OSINT”, te načini njegove upotrebe i integracija u različite organizacije. Rad se zatim bavi OSINT-om kroz povijest, počevši od prvih metoda koje s vremenom evoluiraju i postaju integralni dio obavještajnog djelovanja na nacionalnoj razini. Glavni dio rada bavi se ulogom koju OSINT ima u potpori strategijskom obavještajnom djelovanju, te važnosti OSINT-a za sustav nacionalne sigurnosti. Na kraju rada istražen je OSINT u kombinaciji s modernim metodama prikupljanja i analize podataka poput Big Data analitike i umjetne inteligencije, te u konačnici objašnjene su sposobnosti OSINT-a u kontekstu kibernetičke sigurnosti. U zaključku su predočeni glavni argumenti OSINT-a u potpori strategijskom obavještajnom djelovanju koji su nastali slijedom analize.This paper deals with the topic of open source intelligence (OSINT) with a focus on the significance of OSINT for strategic intelligence. The introduction to the paper explains the fundamental role of the state in security, mentions how intelligence activities support national security, and presents some basic information about OSINT. In the first part of the paper, the term "OSINT" is explained, as well as the ways of its use and integration in different organizations. The paper then deals with OSINT throughout history, starting with the first methods that evolve over time and become an integral part of intelligence operations at the national level. The main part of the paper deals with the role that OSINT plays in supporting strategic intelligence operations, and the importance of OSINT for the national security system. At the end of the paper, OSINT is examined in combination with modern methods of data collection and analysis such as Big Data analytics and artificial intelligence and finally the capabilities of OSINT in the context of cyber security are explained. In the conclusion, the main arguments of OSINT in support of strategic intelligence operations are presented, which ensued as a result of the analysis

    Jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and their influence on public opinion in Central Bosnia

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    Rad se bavi analizom sudske prakse Međunarodnog kaznenog suda za bivšu Jugoslaviju (MKSJ) i njenog utjecaja na javno mnijenje u Središnjoj Bosni. MKSJ je prvi pravi međunarodni sud međunarodne zajednice, nadležan da kazneno progoni osobe odgovorne za teška kršenja međunarodnog humanitarnog prava počinjena na teritoriju bivše Socijalističke Federativne Republike Jugoslavije (SFRJ). Iako je pridonio razvoju međunarodnog humanitarnog prava odnosno međunarodnog kaznenog prava stvaranjem novih pravnih standarda, identificirani su razni nedostaci u sudskom postupku i strategiji Tužiteljstva MKSJ-a, koji su utjecali na javno mnijenje o MKSJ-u. Analizom različitih anketa i medijskih objava utvrđeno je da je prevladavajući stav stanovništva Središnje Bosne prema MKSJ-u još uvijek negativan, a MKSJ nije adekvatno pristupio stvaranju pozitivnog javnog mnijenja. Ovaj rad pruža uvid u složenu dinamiku javnog mnijenja o MKSJ-u u bivšoj SFRJ te ističe važnost kontinuirane analize utjecaja međunarodnih sudova na lokalne zajednice.The paper analyzes the judicial practice of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and its impact on public opinion in Central Bosnia. The ICTY was the first true international court of the international community, responsible for prosecuting individuals responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia. Although it contributed to the development of international humanitarian law and international criminal law by establishing new legal standards, numerous shortcomings were identified in the judicial process and the strategy of the ICTY Prosecutor's Office, which have influenced public opinion about the ICTY. Through the analysis of various surveys and media releases, it was determined that the prevailing attitude of the population of Central Bosnia towards the ICTY remains negative, and the ICTY has not adequately addressed the creation of a positive public opinion. This paper provides insight into the complex dynamics of public opinion about the ICTY in the region and highlights the importance of continuous analysis of the impact of international courts on local communities

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